Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi إبراهيم بن المهدي | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Born | 779 Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate | ||||
Died | 839 Baghdad/Samarra, Abbasid Caliphate | ||||
Spouse | Umm Muhammad (divorced) Shāriyah[1] Bid'ah[2] Rayyiq[3] Khishf[4] Shaja[4] | ||||
Children | Hibat Allah[5] | ||||
| |||||
Dynasty | Abbasid | ||||
Father | Al-Mahdi | ||||
Mother | Shakla | ||||
Religion | Islam | ||||
Occupation | Singer, Composer, Arabic poet |
Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mahdī (Arabic: إبراهيم بن المهدي; 779–839) was an Abbasid prince, singer, composer and poet. He was the son of the third Abbasid caliph, al-Mahdi, and the half-brother of the poet and musician Ulayya.[6] Ibrahim was contemporary of Abbasid caliph al-Hadi, al-Rashid and his three nephews caliph al-Amin, al-Ma'mun, al-Mu'tasim.
Biography
[edit]Ibrahim was born in 779. He was the son of Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi,[7] and was born during the Caliphate of his father. His mother was Shaklah, a Negress,[8] whose father was Khwanadan, steward of Masmughan.[9] She had a brother named Humayd.[10] She was acquired by Al-Mahdi when she was a child. He presented her to his concubine Muhayyat, who, discovering a musical talent in the child, sent her to the famous school of Taif in the Hijaz for a thorough musical education. Years later Al-Mahdi, then caliph, took her as his concubine.[11]
One of his wives was Umm Muhammad. She was the daughter of Salih al-Miskin and Umm Abdullah bint Isa ibn Ali. After Inrahi divorced her, she married Harun al-Rashid.[12]
During the Fourth Fitna, Ibrahim was proclaimed caliph on 20 July 817 by the people of Baghdad, who gave him the regnal name of al-Mubarak (Arabic: المبارك) and declared his reigning nephew al-Ma'mun deposed. Ibrahim received the allegiance of the Hashemites.[13] He had to resign in 819, and spent the rest of his life as a poet and a musician. He is remembered as "one of the most gifted musicians of his day, with a phenomenal vocal range",[6] and a promoter of the then innovative 'Persian style' of song, 'which was characterized inter alia by redundant improvisation'.[14]
Ibrahim died in 839 during the Caliphate of his younger nephew al-Mu'tasim.[7]
Siblings
[edit]Ibrahim was related to several Abbasid caliphs. He was also contemporary to several Abbasid caliphs, princess and princesses. Ibrahim was at one point married to Abbasid princess Umm Muhammad.
No. | Abbasids | Relation |
---|---|---|
1 | Musa al-Hadi | Half-brother |
2 | Harun al-Rashid | Half-brother |
3 | Abbasa bint al-Mahdi | Half-sister |
4 | Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi | Half-brother |
5 | Ulayya bint al-Mahdi | Half-sister |
6 | Banuqa bint al-Mahdi | Half-sister |
7 | Mansur ibn al-Mahdi | Half-brother |
8 | Aliyah bint al-Mahdi | Half-sister |
9 | Ali ibn al-Mahdi | Half-brother |
10 | Abdallah ibn al-Mahdi | Half-brother |
11 | Isa ibn al-Mahdi[15] | Half-brother |
References
[edit]- ^ Kraemer, J.L.; al-Ṭabarī, A.J.M.J. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī Vol. 34: Incipient Decline: The Caliphates of al-Wāthiq, al-Mutawakkil, and al-Muntaṣir A.D. 841-863/A.H. 227-248. Bibliotheca Persica. State University of New York Press. p. 54 n. 202. ISBN 978-0-88706-875-1.
- ^ Zaouali, L.; DeBevoise, M.B. (2009). Medieval Cuisine of the Islamic World: A Concise History with 174 Recipes. California Studies in Food and Culture. University of California Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-520-26174-7.
- ^ Al-Heitty, A.K. (2005). دور المرأة الشاعرة في القصر العباسي، 132-247، 750-861:. Al Rayan. p. 153.
- ^ a b Caswell, F.M. (2011). The Slave Girls of Baghdad: The Qiyan in the Early Abbasid Era. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 276, 277. ISBN 978-1-78672-959-0.
- ^ Ibn al-Sāʿī (2017). Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad. Translated by Shawkat M. Toorawa and the Editors of the Library of Arabic Literature. Introduction by Julia Bray, Foreword by Marina Warner. New York: New York University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-4798-0477-1.
- ^ a b Kilpatrick, H. (1998). Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul (eds.). Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis. p. 387. ISBN 978-0-415-18571-4.
- ^ a b Kilpatrick, H. (2003). Making the Great Book of Songs: Compilation and the Author's Craft in Abû I-Faraj al-Isbahânî's Kitâb al-aghânî. Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Literatures. Taylor & Francis. p. 332. ISBN 978-1-135-78793-6.
- ^ Abbott 1946, p. 33.
- ^ Al-Tabari; John Alden Williams (1988). Al-̣Tabarī: Volume 1, The Reign of Abū Ja'Far Al-Maṇsūr A. D. 754-775: The Early 'Abbāsī Empire. Al-Tabari. the Early Abbasi Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-521-32662-9.
- ^ Fishbein, Michael (2015). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 31: The War between Brothers: The Caliphate of Muhammad al-Amin A.D. 809-813/A.H. 193-198. SUNY series in Near Eastern Studies. State University of New York Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-4384-0289-5.
- ^ Abbott 1946, pp. 33–34.
- ^ al-Tabari & Bosworth 1989, p. 326.
- ^ Bosworth, C. E., ed. (1987). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXII: The Reunification of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphate of al-Maʾmūn, A.D. 813–33/A.H. 198–213. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-88706-058-8.
- ^ Imhof, Agnes (2013). "Traditio vel Aemulatio? The Singing Contest of Sāmarrā', Expression of a Medieval Culture of Competition". Der Islam. 90: 1–20 [p. 1]. doi:10.1515/islam-2013-0001.
- ^ Abbott 1946, p. 31.
Sources
[edit]- Abbott, Nabia (1946). Two Queens of Baghdad: Mother and Wife of Hārūn Al Rashīd. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-86356-031-6.
- Kilpatrick, H. (1998). Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul (eds.). Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis. p. 387. ISBN 978-0-415-18571-4.
- Al-Tabari; John Alden Williams (1988). Al-̣Tabarī: Volume 1, The Reign of Abū Ja'Far Al-Maṇsūr A. D. 754-775: The Early ‛Abbāsī Empire. Al-Tabari. the Early Abbasi Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-521-32662-9.
- al-Tabari, Muhammad Ibn Yarir; Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1989). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 30: The 'Abbasid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of Musa al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid A.D. 785-809/A.H. 169-193. Bibliotheca Persica. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-564-4.
- Fishbein, Michael (2015). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 31: The War between Brothers: The Caliphate of Muhammad al-Amin A.D. 809-813/A.H. 193-198. SUNY series in Near Eastern Studies. State University of New York Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-4384-0289-5.
- 779 births
- 839 deaths
- Poets from the Abbasid Caliphate
- Medieval Arabic-language singers
- Composers of the medieval Islamic world
- People of the Fourth Fitna
- Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate
- Male classical composers
- One Thousand and One Nights characters
- 8th-century Arabic-language poets
- 9th-century Arabic-language poets
- Sons of Abbasid caliphs
- Singers of the medieval Islamic world
- Asian composer stubs
- Asian singer stubs
- Middle Eastern royalty stubs
- Medieval music stubs
- Middle Eastern poet stubs