Felix Hoppe-Seyler
Felix Hoppe-Seyler | |
|---|---|
 Felix Hoppe-Seyler | |
| Born | Ernst Felix Immanuel Hoppe 26 December 1825 |
| Died | 10 August 1895 (aged 69) |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater | |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | physiology chemistry |
| Institutions | |
Ernst Felix Immanuel Hoppe-Seyler (né Felix Hoppe; 26 December 1825 – 10 August 1895) was a German physiologist and chemist, and the principal founder of the disciplines of biochemistry and molecular biology. He had discovered Yeast nucleic acid which is now called RNA in his attempts to follow up and confirm Miescher's results by repeating parts of Miescher's experiments. He took the name Hoppe-Seyler when he was adopted by his brother-in-law, a grandson of the famous theatre principal Abel Seyler.
Biography
[edit]Hoppe-Seyler was born in Freyburg an der Unstrut in the Province of Saxony. He originally trained to be a physician in Halle and Leipzig, and received his medical doctorate from Berlin in 1851. Afterwards, he was an assistant to Rudolf Virchow at the Pathological Institute in Berlin. Hoppe-Seyler preferred scientific research to medicine, and later held positions in anatomy, applied chemistry, and physiological chemistry in Greifswald, Tübingen and Strasbourg. At Strasbourg, he was head of the department of biochemistry, the only such institution in Germany at the time.[1]
His work also led to advances in organic chemistry by his students and by immunologist Paul Ehrlich. Among his students and collaborators were Friedrich Miescher (1844–1895) and Nobel laureate Albrecht Kossel (1853–1927).[1]
Background
[edit]He was the son of the Freiburg superintendent (bishop) Ernst August Dankegott Hoppe. His mother died when he was six years old, and his father three years later. After he became an orphan, he lived for some time in the home of his older sister Klara and her husband, the Annaburg pastor Georg Seyler, a grandson of the famous theatre director Abel Seyler.[2] He eventually entered the orphan asylum at Halle, where he attended the gymnasium. In 1864, he was formally adopted by Georg Seyler[3] and added the Seyler name to his birth name.[4][5]
In 1858, he married Agnes Franziska Maria Borstein, and they had one son, Georg Hoppe-Seyler, who became a professor of medicine in Kiel.
Contributions
[edit]
Felix Hoppe-Seyler, a physiologist and chemist, became the principal founder of biochemistry. His text Physiological Chemistry became the standard text for this new branch of applied chemistry.[6]
His numerous investigations include studies of blood, hemoglobin, pus, bile, milk, and urine. Hoppe-Seyler was the first scientist to describe the optical absorption spectrum of the red blood pigment and its two distinctive absorption bands. He also recognized the binding of oxygen to erythrocytes as a function of hemoglobin, which in turn creates the compound oxyhemoglobin. Hoppe-Seyler was able to obtain hemoglobin in crystalline form, and confirmed that it contained iron.
He became an elected member of the French Academy of Sciences, despite the unfavorable political terms between France and Germany at that time, and this helped him gain an international reputation as the keen promoter of science.[7]
Hoppe-Seyler performed important studies of chlorophyll. He is also credited with the isolation of several different proteins (which he referred to as "proteids"). In addition, he was the first scientist to purify lecithin and establish its composition. In 1877, he founded the Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie (Journal for Physiological Chemistry), and was its editor until his death in 1895.[1] He died in Wasserburg am Bodensee in the Kingdom of Bavaria.
Works
[edit]- Anleitung zur pathologisch-chemischen Analyse fur Aerzte und Studirende (in German). Berlin: Hirschwald. 1858.
- Allgemeine Biologie (in German). Berlin: Hirschwald. 1877.
- Specielle physiologische Chemie (in German). Berlin: Hirschwald. 1878.
- Specielle physiologische Chemie (in German). Berlin: Hirschwald. 1879.
- Specielle physiologische Chemie (in German). Berlin: Hirschwald. 1881.
Selected written works
[edit]- Handbuch der physiologisch und pathologisch-chemischen Analyse (1858). Digital 8th edition from 1909 by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- Physiologische Chemie (4 volumes, 1877–81).
- Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie (1877–1921).
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Jones, Mary Ellen (September 1953). "Albrecht Kossel, A Biographical Sketch". Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 26 (1): 80–97. PMC 2599350. PMID 13103145.
- ^ Hoppe-Seyler, Georg (2022). "Ein verwandter Theaterintendant". Physiologische Chemie: Das Leben Felix Hoppe-Seylers. Springer. ISBN 978-3-662-62001-4.
- ^ Neue deutsche Biographie Vol. 9 S. 615
- ^ Theologischer Jahresbericht, Vol. 2, p. 200–201
- ^ Albert P. Mathews, "The Life and Work of Felix Hoppe-Seyler," in Popular Science Monthly, Volume 53, August 1898
- ^ "Hoppe-Seyler, Felix". Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
- ^ "Biological Chemistry". 1878-01-01. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
External links
[edit]- Photo, biography, and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
- Chem-342 Introduction to Biochemistry
- Biography and photos at the website of Biological Chemistry (a journal founded by Felix Hoppe-Seyler)
- 1825 births
- 1895 deaths
- People from Freyburg, Germany
- Scientists from the Province of Saxony
- Seyler family
- 19th-century German chemists
- German physiologists
- Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni
- Leipzig University alumni
- Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
- Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
- Academic staff of the University of Greifswald
- Academic staff of the University of Tübingen
- Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg