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Henryk Siemiradzki

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Henryk Siemiradzki
Henryk Siemiradzki in later life
Born
Henryk Siemiradzki

24 October 1843
Novo-Belgorod, Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire
Died23 August 1902(1902-08-23) (aged 58)
Strzałków, Congress Poland
NationalityPolish
EducationMember Academy of Arts (1873)
Professor by rank (1877)
Alma materImperial Academy of Arts (1871)
Known forPainting
Notable workNero's Torches,
curtain for the Juliusz Słowacki Theatre in Kraków,
curtain for the Lwów Theatre
MovementAcademism
AwardsBig Gold Medal of the Imperial Academy of Arts (1870)

Henryk Hektor Siemiradzki (24 October 1843 – 23 August 1902) was a Polish[1][2] painter. He spent most of his active creative life in Rome. Best remembered for his monumental academic art, he is particularly known for his depictions of scenes from the ancient Greek-Roman world and the New Testament, owned by many national galleries of Europe.[3][4]

Many Siemiradzki paintings depict scenes from antiquity, often the sunlit pastoral scenes or compositions presenting the lives of early Christians. He also painted biblical and historical scenes, landscapes, and portraits. His best-known works include monumental curtains for the Lviv (Lwów) Theatre of Opera and for the Juliusz Słowacki Theatre in Kraków.

Early life and education

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Siemiradzki was born to Hipolit Siemiradzki, a Polish noble and an officer of the Imperial Russian Army (made general in 1871) and Michalina (née Prószyńska) in Belgorod (now Chuhuiv Raion, Kharkiv oblast, Ukraine),[5][6] near the city of Kharkiv, where his father's regiment was stationed.[7] The family had origins in Radom land and derived its name from the village of Siemiradz. One of the branches settled near Navahrudak (Nowogródek) in the late 17th century. Henryk's grandfather held the post of podkomorzy in Nowogródek powiat. His parents were close friends with Adam Mickiewicz's family. He studied at Kharkiv Gymnasium where he first learned painting under the local schoolteacher, D.I. Bezperchy, a former student of Karl Briullov. He entered the physics-mathematics school of Kharkiv University and studied natural sciences there with great interest, but also continued to paint.[5][8]

Artistic career

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Nymph, 1869 (Lviv Art Gallery)

After graduating from university with a Kandidat degree he abandoned his scientific career and moved to Saint Petersburg to study painting at the Imperial Academy of Arts from 1864 to 1870. Upon his graduation he was awarded a gold medal. In 1870–1871 he studied under Karl von Piloty in Munich on a grant from the Academy. In 1872 he moved to Rome and later built a studio there on Via Gaeta, while spending summers at his estate in Strzałków near Częstochowa.

In 1873 he received the title of Academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts for his painting Christ and a Sinner, based on a verse Sinner written by Aleksey Tolstoy. In 1878 he received the French National Order of the Legion of Honour and a gold medal at the Paris World's Fair for the painting Flower Vase. In 1876–1879 Siemiradzki worked on frescoes for the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Moscow) among his other large-scale projects. In 1879 he offered one of his best-known works, the enormous Pochodnie Nerona (Nero's torches), painted around 1876, to the newly formed Polish National Museum. The artwork is on display at the Siemiradzki Room of the Sukiennice Museum in the Kraków Old Town, the most popular branch of the museum. Around 1893 Siemiradzki worked on two large paintings for the State Historical Museum (Moscow) and in 1894 produced his monumental curtain for the Juliusz Słowacki Theatre in Kraków.[4]

He died in Strzałków in 1902 and was buried originally in Warsaw, but later his remains were moved to the national Pantheon on Skałka in Kraków.

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The modern arts gallery at V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University in Kharkiv, is named after Siemiradzki.[9]

Monumental paintings

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Siemiradzki's large-scale canvasses, including The Sword Dance influenced by the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, are on display at the national museums of Poland, Russia, and Ukraine; notably, at the Sukiennice Museum, the National Museum, Poznań, Lviv National Art Gallery, Tretyakov Gallery, and others.

Other paintings

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  • Alexander the Great's Trust in Physician Phillip, 1870
    Alexander the Great's Trust in Physician Phillip, 1870
  • Socrates Finds his Student Alcibiades at Heterai, 1873
    Socrates Finds his Student Alcibiades at Heterai, 1873
  • Begging Castaway, 1878
    Begging Castaway, 1878
  • Following the Gods, 1899
    Following the Gods, 1899
  • Corsars, 1880
    Corsars, 1880
  • Roman Orgy at Caesar's Time, 1872
    Roman Orgy at Caesar's Time, 1872
  • Roman Orgy at Tiberius' Time, 1881
    Roman Orgy at Tiberius' Time, 1881
  • Merry Company by the Spring, 1885
    Merry Company by the Spring, 1885
  • Christ and Sinner, 1873
    Christ and Sinner, 1873
  • Persecutors of Christians at the Eentrance to the Catacombs, 1874
    Persecutors of Christians at the Eentrance to the Catacombs, 1874

See also

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Notes and references

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  1. ^ "Obrazy Henryka Siemiradzkiego w Muzeum Śląskim" (in Polish). Muzeum Śląskie. 2009. Archived from the original on 2016-03-11. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
  2. ^ Ewa Micke-Broniarek (December 2004). "Henryk Siemiradzki". Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Culture.pl. Archived from the original on 2020-07-23. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
  3. ^ Henryk Siemiradzki. Selection of Works with Biography and Index, at Artyzm.com. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
  4. ^ a b Ewa Micke-Broniarek, Henryk Siemiradzki. Magazine Culture.pl. National Museum, Warsaw, December 2004.
  5. ^ a b Mgr. Paweł Dudek, Henryk Siemiradzki, including Bibliography. Jan Długosz University, 2011 Histmag.org
  6. ^ Stanisław Lorentz. The National Museum in Warsaw: painting. Arkady Publishers. 1990. p. 50.
  7. ^ Paweł Klimow "Jest on, rzecz jasna, Polakiem i Polakiem pozostanie".* Kilka uwag do biografii Henryka Siemiradzkiego. "Nacjonalizm w sztuce i historii sztuki 1789-1950". Instytut Sztuki PAN. 1998. p. 129.
  8. ^ Tomasz Rozum, Henryk Hektor Siemiradzki. Magazyn Informator. No. 89, 2006.
  9. ^ "Торжественные мероприятия, посвященные выдающемуся художнику, воспитаннику университета Генриху Семирадскому". Karazin University.
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