Haplogroup Q-L804 (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup Q-L804 | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | 3,000-15,000 years ago |
Possible place of origin | Beringia: Either East Asia or North Asia |
Ancestor | Q-L54 |
Descendants | Q-Y9052, Q-A13540, Q-JN15, Q-Y16137, Q-Y7582 |
Defining mutations | L804 (rs1952836) |
Haplogroup Q-L804 (Y-DNA) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup Q-L804 is a subclade of Haplogroup Q-L54. Currently Q-L804 is Q1b1a1b below Q1b-M346.[1]
In 2000 the research group at Oxford University headed by Dr. Agnar Helgason first discovered the haplotype that was much later to become known as Q-L804. In 2000 the strange haplotype was called “branch-A” (i.e. R1b-branch A) and it was found uniquely on Iceland and Scandinavia.[2] Later studies completed the genetic bridge by determining that Q-L804 is related to Q-M242 populations of Native Americans, Turkmen (Q-M3) and Siberian populations of the Selkup and Ket people (Q-L54*xM3).[3] [4]
Origin and distribution
[edit]The origin of Haplogroup Q-L804 is uncertain. However it is likely to have originated in Beringia (North East Siberia) c. 15000 to 17000 yBP since it is closely linked to Q-M3 and to other haplogroups linked to the indigenous peoples of the Americas (over 90% of indigenous people in Meso & South America). Today, Q-L804 is found mainly in Norway and Sweden and in regions of North West Europe of Viking Age Expansion (British Isles, Atlantic Isles, Northern Germany, Normandy and Poland). The Q-L804 is also found among descendants of Scandinavian immigrants to North America. Haplogroup Q-L804 is defined by the presence of the (L804) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Q-L804 occurred on the Q-L54 lineage roughly 10-15 thousand years ago as the migration into the Americas was underway. It is likely that the split between Q-M3 and Q-L804 happened in the ancestors of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
North Europe
[edit]Populations carrying Q-L804 are extremely thinly distributed throughout Northern Europe and among recent North European immigrants to North America. Since the discovery and definition of Q-L804 in 2014, three main subclades of Q-L804 bearing populations have been discovered in North Europe. The Q-Y9052 , the Q-JN14 and Q-Y7582. Of these three branches Q-JN14 has the widest distribution, ranging from Poland to Iceland, British Isles and France. Q-L804 is one of two subclades known as Q Nordic among genealogical communities. The Q-L527 is the other subclad of the Q Nordic.
Subclade distribution
[edit]Q-Y9052 (BY459). This lineage is found in Sweden, Norway and Germany.
Q-JN14 It has been found in Norway, Iceland, British Isles, Germany, France and Poland.
Q-Y7582 (BY386). This lineage has been found in Scotland, Iceland and England.
Technical specification of mutation
[edit]The L804 was discovered and defined by Thomas Krahn of Family Tree DNA's Genomics Research Center in 2012.[5] The technical details of L804 are:
- Nucleotide change: T to A
- Position (base pair):
- Total size (base pairs):
- Forward 5′→ 3′: GAATTCTGTGGGTGACTTTGTG
- Reverse 5′→ 3′: GCACAGTGAAGAATGTGGGAC
- Position: [1] chrY:11,907,522
- dbSNP151: rs765685783
Associated SNPs
[edit]Q-L804 is defined by the SNPs L804 and L805 and E324.
Phylogentic tree and Subgroups
[edit]Current status of the polygenetic tree for Q-L804 is published by Pinotti et al. in the article Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders. Calibrated phylogeny of Y haplogroup Q-L804 and its relation to the other branches of Q-L54.[6]
- Q-L54
- Q-L330
- Q-MPB001 (18.9 kya)
- Q-CTS1780
- Q-M930
- Q-L804
- Q-M3 (15.0 kya)
- Q-Y4308
- Q-M848 (14.9 kya)
Yfull.com's phylogenetic tree ver. 6.08.01 for [2] for haplogroup Q-L804. Yfull's tree also include estimation of the age of the branches, and TMRCA (Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor)
- Q > Q-L472 > Q-L56 > Q-L53 > Q-L54 > Q-M1107 > Q-M930
- Q-L804 formed 15200 ybp, TMRCA 3200 yBP
- Q-Y9052 formed 3200 ybp, TMRCA 3200 yBP
- Q-Y9294 formed 3200 ybp, TMRCA 2800 ybp
- Q-YP5210
- Q-Y9048
- Q-Y9294 formed 3200 ybp, TMRCA 2800 ybp
- Q-A13540 formed 3200 ybp, TMRCA 2900 yBP
- Q-JN15 formed 2900 ybp, TMRCA 1650 yBP
- Q-Y16137
- Q-Y7582 formed 2900 ybp, TMRCA 1650 yBP
- Q-Y38488
- Q-Y12445
- Q-Y15622
- Q-JN15 formed 2900 ybp, TMRCA 1650 yBP
- Q-Y9052 formed 3200 ybp, TMRCA 3200 yBP
- Q-L804 formed 15200 ybp, TMRCA 3200 yBP
Family Tree DNA Y-DNA haplotree for haplogroup Q-L804 [3]
- Q (M242) > Q-MEH2 > Q-M346 > Q-L53 > Q-L54 > Q-CTS3814 > Q-CTS11969
- Q-L804
- Q-BY387
- Q-PH2487
- Q-Y38488
- Q-JN14
- Q-Y16137
- Q-BY66620
- Q-BY459
- Q-Y9291
- Q-BY387
- Q-L804
The subtree Q-BY387 is found on Iceland, Scotland and England. The Q-JN14 is widely distributed in North-west Europe, but most kits are from Norway. The subtree Q-BY459 is by FT DNA mainly found in Sweden and Norway.
See also
[edit]Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades
[edit]Y-DNA backbone tree
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Y-DNA Haplogroup Q and its Subclades - 2019, ISOGG
- ^ Helgason, Agnar; Stefánsson, Kári (September 2000). "Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic Ancestry in the Male Settlers of Iceland". American Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (3): 697–717. doi:10.1086/303046. PMC 1287529. PMID 10931763.
- ^ Kivisild, Toomas (March 2017). "The study of human Y chromosome variation through ancient DNA". Human Genetics. 136 (5): 529–546. doi:10.1007/s00439-017-1773-z. PMC 5418327. PMID 28260210.
- ^ Karafet, Tatiana M.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Savina, Olga V.; Hallmark, Brian; Hammer, Michael F. (2018). "Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic-speaking populations". American Journal of Human Biology. 30 (6): e23194. doi:10.1002/ajhb.23194. ISSN 1042-0533. PMID 30408262.
- ^ "Y-DNA Haplogroup Q and its Subclades - 2012". International Society of Genetic Genealogy. 7 August 2012. Archived from the original on 2019-10-13. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
- ^ Pinotti, Thomaz; Bergström, Anders; Geppert, Maria; Bawn, Matt; Ohasi, Dominique; Shi, Wentao; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Solli, Arne; Norstedt, Jakob; Reed, Kate; Dawtry, Kim; González-Andrade, Fabricio; Paz-y-Miño, Cesar; Revollo, Susana; Cuellar, Cinthia; Jota, Marilza S.; Santos, José E.; Ayub, Qasim; Kivisild, Toomas; Sandoval, José R.; Fujita, Ricardo; Xue, Yali; Roewer, Lutz; Santos, Fabrício R.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2018). "Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders". Current Biology. 29 (1): 149–157.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.029. hdl:20.500.12727/6107. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 30581024.