HMY William & Mary (1694)
 His Majesty's Yacht WILLIAM & MARY by Thomas Baston 1696
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name | William and Mary |
| Namesake | William III and Mary II |
| Ordered | February 1693 |
| Builder | Robert Lee, Chatham Dockyard |
| Launched | September 1694 |
| Commissioned | 1695 |
| Decommissioned | 1800 |
| Refit | 1765 |
| Fate | Sold, 1801 |
| General characteristics [1] | |
| Type | Yacht |
| Tons burthen | 152 18⁄94 (bm) |
| Length |
|
| Beam | 21 ft 7 in (6.58 m) |
| Depth | 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) |
| Sail plan | Ketch-rigged |
| Complement |
|
| Armament |
|
HM Yacht William and Mary was a royal yacht of the Kingdom of Great Britain, named after the joint monarchs who ruled between 1689 and 1694. She was launched in 1694 and completely rebuilt in 1765. In all, she remained in service for over a century before being sold in 1801.
Service history
[edit]King William III and his wife Queen Mary II ordered her built in February 1693.[2] She was designed and built by Robert Lee, a Master Shipwright at Chatham Dockyard[3] and launched in September 1694.[4]
William and Mary, like other royal yachts, was generally used as a transport for senior military, political, and diplomatic figures, as well as for the royal family. She frequently carried William III or his officers and staff to Holland when there were crises warranting their presence.[5]
In 1697 Tsar Peter the Great visited western Europe. William III sent HMS York to bring Peter from Holland to England. On York's arrival at the Thames, Peter transferred to William and Mary, and in her sailed up the river to London Bridge, where he alighted to reach the Palace of Whitehall.[5]
From 1695 to 1701, William and Mary's captain was Sir William Saunderson. In 1702 Captain William Robinson replace Sanderson. Robinson was in command when she participated in the battle of Malaga in 1704. He remained in command until January 1713, when she was paid off and sent to Deptford Dockyard for repairs, which were completed by December 1714.[6]
In 1719 William and Mary was recommissioned under Captain John Guy, who remained her commander to 1720. In 1721 Captain William Moses replaced Guy, and remained in command until May 1727.[6] On 4 May 1727 Captain Timothy Brett replaced Guy. She returned to Deptford for major repairs that took place between February 1736 and May 1737. Brett died on 3 May 1739, and his replacement that year was Captain William Parry. Between May and August 1742 William and Mary underwent smaller repairs at Deptford. More extensive repairs followed between September 1746 and May 1747. On 7 February 1753, Captain John Moore replaced Parry. Moore remained in command until 1755.[6]
Perhaps William and Mary's most notable voyage occurred on 7 August 1761 when she was one of squadron of six royal yachts—Royal Caroline (renamed Royal Charlotte), Charlot, Katherine, Fubbs and Mary—that accompanied by six ships-of-war, sailed from Harwich to Cuxhaven under the command of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Anson to embark Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, future wife of King George III, at Stade. The flotilla arrived back at Harwich on 6 September after a ten-day voyage, having endured westerly gales that three times blew them over to the Norwegian coast, twice almost wrecking them.[7]
From December 1763 to August 1765 William Norton commanded William and Mary. However, from January 1764 until August 1765 she was again at Deptford, where Adam Hayes completely rebuilt her.[6]
William and Mary then had a number of commanders. Her captain between 1779 and 1782 was George Young. Captain George Vanderput recommissioned her in June 1783. She then underwent a major repair and coppering at a private yard on the Thames, something which took until 1786. Captain Charles Buckner assumed command in 1787 and remained in command until 1792. The next year she was paid off.[1]
Fate
[edit]She was the oldest ship in the Navy at the time of her decommissioning around 1800.[2] The Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy offered the hull of "William and Mary, 172 Tons Burthen, Copper fastened" for sale at Deptford Yard on 14 September 1801.[8] She sold at auction on that day for £210.[1]
See also
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b c Winfield (2007), p.364.
- ^ a b Hamilton Clark (1904), p. 122.
- ^ "Robert Lee". threedecks.org. 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- ^ "Thomas Baston Biography and Maritime Paintings and Art - His Majesty's Yacht "William & Mary"". Vallejo Maritime Gallery. 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- ^ a b Major (2012).
- ^ a b c d Winfield (2010).
- ^ "John Cleveley (c. 1712-1777) "The flotilla of ships, led by the Royal Charlotte in company with five other royal yachts, arriving off Harwich on 6th September 1761, after conveying Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg to England for her marriage to George III"". Bonhams. 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- ^ "No. 15405". The London Gazette. 8 September 1801. p. 1109.
References
[edit]- Dalton, Tony (2002). British Royal Yachts: a complete illustrated history. Tiverton: Halsgrove. ISBN 1841141305.
- Gavin, Charles Murray (1932). Royal Yachts. London: Rich & Cowan.
- Grigsby, J. E. (1953). Annals of our Royal Yachts 1604-1953. London: Adlard Coles/George Harrap.
- Hamilton Clark, Arthur (1904). "Chapter VI: William And Mary". The History of Yachting, 1600–1815. New York & London: G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 122. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- Major, Allen (2012) Royal Yachts. (Amberley Publishing). ISBN 978-1-4456-0189-2
- McGowan, A. P. (1977). Royal Yachts (3rd ed.). London: HMSO & National Maritime Museum. ISBN 011290291X.
- Naish, G. P. B. (1953). Royal Yachts. London: HMSO & National Maritime Museum.
- Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1844157006.
- Winfield, Rif (2010). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1603–1714: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1848320406.
External links
[edit]- "William & Mary Yacht off Greenwich". Government Art Collection: Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.