Fort Dick, California
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Fort Dick, California | |
|---|---|
 Location of Fort Dick in Del Norte County, California. | |
| Coordinates: 41°52′04″N 124°08′56″W / 41.86778°N 124.14889°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Del Norte |
| Government | |
| • State Senate | Mike McGuire (D) |
| • State Assembly | Chris Rogers (D) |
| • U.S. House of Representatives | Jared Huffman (D) |
| Elevation | 52 ft (16 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 912 |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP codes | 95538 (homes - 95531) |
| Area code | 707 |
| GNIS feature ID | 223696 |
Fort Dick (Tolowa: Mvn-des-chuu-dvn)[1] is a small unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in rural Del Norte County, California. Fort Dick is around five miles (eight kilometers) north of Crescent City, California, and around 15 mi (24 km) south of the California–Oregon state line. Its population is 912 as of the 2020 census, up from 588 from the 2010 census. It is located on the U.S. Route 101 corridor on the Redwood Coast.[2] A post office was set up in 1917.[3][4]
Etymology
[edit]Fort Dick Landing dates back to the Civil War era and was named after a settler's log house "fort" built by Whites to defend from the Indians.[5] In 1888 a shake and shingle mill was moved there and the place renamed Newburg by the Bertsch brothers who owned the mill.[5] With the establishment of the post office in 1896, the old name was revived.[5][3]
History
[edit]Pre-Settler contact
[edit]The heavily forested coast territory surrounding Fort Dick was occupied and used by the Tolowa and Yurok tribes of Native Americans.[6]
Jedediah Smith's party reaches Lake Earl
[edit]Historical records state that a party travelling with Jedediah Smith entered the area of Fort Dick and skirted the eastern edge of Lake Earl between June 14 to 16, 1828.[7] During this time, not only did they explore the area, but they made clear contact, including trading and engaging in commerce with the Tolowa Indians on the 15th.[7] Jedidiah Smith's party "skirted" the eastern shore of Lake Earl.[7] Since his party was there in 1828, it predates the events that led the settler or farmer who owned the land called "Russell's Prairie" (later Fort Dick) by about twenty-five to thirty years.
"On June 14 the company pushed up the beach until they struck a 'low neck of land running into the sea where there was plenty of clover and grass for our horses' and camped. The trappers, during the day's march, had been compelled to take to the sea for several hundred yards at a time, 'the swells some times would be as high as the horses backs.' The company remained on the south bank of Elk Creek on the 15th, while several hunters went out. One of them killed a buck elk 'weighing 695 lbs. neat weight.' A number of Tolowa came in bringing fish, clams, strawberries, and camas roots, which were purchased. The company rode out early on the 16th. Striking to the north northwest, they crossed a neck of land skirting the ocean. Considerable difficulty was encountered in getting the horses across Elk Creek, and they were compelled 'to make a pen on the bank to force them across.' The Mountain Men on the 16th camped on the wooded flats south of Lake Earl. Skirting the eastern margin of Lake Earl, the trappers camped three nights in Section 27, between the lake and Kings Valley."[7]
The camp site of June 14 was on Elk Creek, one-fourth of a mile west of the junction of U.S. 101 and the Elk Valley road.[7] Exactly one month later, while eating breakfast the morning of July 14, 1828, Jedediah's party was attacked by at least one hundred Native American Indians. Everyone in the party except for Jedediah and two companions died in the ambush. They escaped and headed directly to Fort Vancouver.[7]
Shipwrecks near Fort Dick and Crescent City
[edit]The coastal waters near Crescent City and north are notoriously treacherous. Over the years, there have been many ships sunk in the ocean close to Fort Dick and Crescent City.[citation needed]
- 1850 - Paragon sunk
- 1851 - Tarquin
- 1855 - Steamer America burned in the harbor at Crescent City en route to Oregon and Washington[8]
- 1865 - The Steamer Brother Jonathan hit an uncharted reef near Point St. George.
- 1941 - SS Emidio, an oil tanker, was shelled and torpedoed by a Japanese submarine. This was the first ship sunk by the Japanese off the American Pacific coast in World War II.[9]
Demographics
[edit]| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. Decennial Census[10] 1850–1870[11][12] 1880-1890[13] 1900[14] 1910[15] 1920[16] 1930[17] 1940[18] 1950[19] 1960[20] 1970[21] 1980[22] 1990[23] 2000[24] 2010[25] | |||
Government
[edit]Fort Dick has very few autonomous governmental services and is largely under the rule of Del Norte County. The remainder of the unincorporated city is subject to various county, state, and federal agencies.
Education
[edit]Educational services in Fort Dick are provided by the Del Norte County Unified School District, in conjunction with the Del Norte County Office of Education. At 1,008 square miles (2,610 km2), with over 4000 students, they accomplish this by utilizing an elaborate public school busing network. The many district buses service eleven schools: eight elementary, one middle school, one high school, and one alternative high school.[26] Fort Dick is the home to only one of the district's eight elementary schools. Redwood Elementary is equipped to educate students from the K to 8th grades. The school has a student population of 425 students, with a 21.8 student to teacher ratio.[27] People living in Fort Dick must use education facilities in neighboring Crescent City for anything higher than the elementary school level.[26]
Climate
[edit]This region experiences mild and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Fort Dick has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb).
| Climate data for Fort Dick, California 141ft(43m) (1981-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 53.7 (12.1) |
55.4 (13.0) |
56.5 (13.6) |
58.4 (14.7) |
61.4 (16.3) |
63.8 (17.7) |
65.8 (18.8) |
66.2 (19.0) |
66.2 (19.0) |
63.4 (17.4) |
57.1 (13.9) |
53.3 (11.8) |
60.1 (15.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 47.5 (8.6) |
48.7 (9.3) |
49.3 (9.6) |
50.9 (10.5) |
53.9 (12.2) |
58.4 (14.7) |
58.6 (14.8) |
59.0 (15.0) |
57.9 (14.4) |
55.2 (12.9) |
50.7 (10.4) |
47.2 (8.4) |
53.1 (11.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 41.2 (5.1) |
41.9 (5.5) |
42.2 (5.7) |
43.4 (6.3) |
46.3 (7.9) |
49.0 (9.4) |
51.4 (10.8) |
51.9 (11.1) |
49.7 (9.8) |
47.0 (8.3) |
44.2 (6.8) |
41.1 (5.1) |
45.8 (7.7) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 11.84 (301) |
9.59 (244) |
10.44 (265) |
7.04 (179) |
3.71 (94) |
2.03 (52) |
0.35 (8.9) |
0.56 (14) |
1.35 (34) |
5.16 (131) |
10.23 (260) |
14.16 (360) |
76.46 (1,942.9) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78.7 | 77.0 | 78.8 | 78.3 | 78.3 | 78.0 | 81.9 | 82.3 | 77.2 | 76.1 | 79.5 | 78.6 | 78.7 |
| Average dew point °F (°C) | 41.2 (5.1) |
41.8 (5.4) |
43.0 (6.1) |
44.4 (6.9) |
47.3 (8.5) |
50.3 (10.2) |
53.1 (11.7) |
53.6 (12.0) |
50.8 (10.4) |
47.8 (8.8) |
44.6 (7.0) |
40.9 (4.9) |
46.6 (8.1) |
| Source: [28] | |||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ Wee-ya’-dvn: Tolowa Dee-ni’ Language Resource Center - Dee-ni' Wee-ya' Lhetlh-xat 1
- ^ "Where is Fort Dick?". Fort Dick Fire Department. Fort Dick Fire Protection District. 2012. Archived from the original on February 22, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ a b Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 61. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
- ^ Durham, David L. (November 2000). California North Coast: Del Norte, Humbolt, Lake, Mendocino & Trinity Counties. Word Dancer Press. p. 368. ISBN 978-1884995262. [sic] title.
- ^ a b c Gudde, Erwin Gustav (1974). California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names. University of California Press. p. 416. ISBN 978-0520242173.
- ^ "History and Heritage". Explore Del Norte. Crescent City/Del Norte County Visitors Bureau. 2012. Archived from the original on September 23, 2010. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f Bearss, Edwin C. (September 1, 1969). Redwood National Park, Del Norte and Humboldt Counties, California. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Division of History Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. p. 433. ASIN: B0007FIU3W.
- ^ Bancroft, Hubert Howe (902). West American History. Vol. 30, Part II (Autograph ed.). New York City, New York: The Bancroft Company. p. 341. Retrieved March 11, 2011.
- ^ Hoover, Mildred Brooke; Kyle, Douglas E.; Rensch, Ethel Grace (2002). Historic Spots in California. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 72. ISBN 0-8047-4482-3.
- ^ "Decennial Census by Decade". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Almeda County to Sutter County" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1870 Census of Population - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties - California - Tehama County to Yuba County" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1890 Census of Population - Population of California by Minor Civil Divisions" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1900 Census of Population - Population of California by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1910 Census of Population - Supplement for California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1930 Census of Population - Number and Distribution of Inhabitants - California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1960 Census of Population - General population Characteristics - California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - California" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
- ^ a b "DNCUSD Schools".
- ^ "ZIP code : 95538". www.uszip.com.
- ^ "PRISM Climate Group, Northwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering (Time Series Values for Individual Locations)". Retrieved February 21, 2021.
Further reading
[edit]- The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union, United States Department of War, Washington, 1880.
External links
[edit]- Tolowa Nation
- Yurok Tribe
- County of Del Norte website
- Historic Book: Redwood National Forest
- Del Norte County Tourism and Travel website
- Brother Jonathan Shipwreck
- Brother Johnathan Cemetery
Municipalities and communities of Del Norte County, California, United States | ||
|---|---|---|
| City |  | |
| CDPs | ||
| Unincorporated communities | ||
| Indian reservations | ||
| Ghost towns | ||