Ferenc Szombathelyi

Ferenc Szombathelyi
Birth name	Ferenc Knausz or Ferenc Knauz
Born	(1887-05-17)17 May 1887 Győr, Győr County, Kingdom of Hungary
Died	4 November 1946(1946-11-04) (aged 59) Petrovaradin, SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia
Cause of death	Execution by firing squad
Allegiance	Austria-Hungary Hungarian Soviet Republic Hungary
Service / branch	Austro-Hungarian Army Hungarian Red Army Royal Hungarian Army
Years of service	1902-1944
Rank	Vezérezredes (Colonel General)
Battles / wars	World War I Hungarian-Romanian War World War II

The native form of this personal name is vitéz Szombathelyi Ferenc. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.

Ferenc Szombathelyi (17 May 1887 – 4 November 1946), born Ferenc Knausz or Ferenc Knauz, was a Hungarian military officer who served, from September 1941 to April 1944, as Head of the General Staff of the Royal Hungarian Army during World War II.

Military career

Szombathelyi joined the Austro-Hungarian army as a cadet in 1902 and was subsequently promoted to lieutenant in 1907 in the 16th Infantry Regiment. From 1911, he studied at the Kriegsschule (military academy) in Vienna. After participating in World War I he joined the newly founded Royal Hungarian Army.

From 1926 he taught at the Ludovica Military Academy in Budapest. From 1931 to 1933, he was Chief of Staff of the 3rd Mixed Brigade, after which he served as adjutant of the high command of the armed forces in 1935–36. In 1938, he became the commander of the Ludovica Military Academy. From 1934 onward, he used his mother's maiden surname rather than his own given surname.

In 1938–39 he held the post of Deputy Chief of Staff. From 1939 to 1941, he commanded the VIII Corps before he was appointed commanding general of the "Carpathian group" (Kárpát Csoport), with which he took part in Operation Barbarossa. On 6 September, he was appointed by Regent Miklós Horthy to succeed the pro-German Henrik Werth as Chief of General Staff. Szombathelyi assessed the prospects of war with the Soviet Union sceptically and did not hesitate to share this view with his German counterpart. Shortly after his appointment he was present at a meeting between Hitler and Horthy when the latter promised to provide more troops.

He successfully delayed this measure until it could no longer be avoided following German Army setbacks in the winter of 1941-42 and the increased commitment of Romania. In April 1942, he sent the Second Army of Gusztáv Jány to the Eastern Front. Previously, in response to alleged attacks by communist partisans and Chetniks in the annexed Bácska, he ordered a military intervention by General Ferenc Feketehalmy-Czeydner, which evolved into punitive action against Serb-inhabited villages and culminated in the massacre of Újvidék (present-day Novi Sad).

In response to the catastrophic defeats of the second Army in the winter of 1942-43, Hungary increasingly tried to distance itself from its Axis partners. Szombathelyi's proposal to use Hungarian divisions to occupy the Balkans as a substitute for the failure of the second Army was welcomed by Hitler but rejected by Prime Minister Miklós Kállay. Contacts with the Western powers were initiated, with Kállay and Szombathelyi playing leading roles.

After the German invasion of Hungary in March 1944, Szombathelyi was removed from office and placed under house arrest at German insistence, and retired in April. He was arrested in October 1944 after the Arrow Cross Party assumed power. Szombathelyi was deported to Germany toward the end of the war, then taken into custody by the Americans, who, however, turned him over to Hungary shortly thereafter. He was convicted by the Hungarian people's court to life imprisonment, then extradited to Yugoslavia. On 4 November 1946, in Petrovaradin (Hungarian: Pétervárad), Vojvodina, Szombathelyi was executed by a firing squad. Hungarian writer Tibor Cseres in his book "Vengeance in Bácska" states that Szombathelyi was impaled, but there is no conclusive evidence of this.

Awards and decorations

1st row	Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary Grand Cross on war ribbon with swords	Golden Military Merit Medal on war ribbon with swords	Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary Commander's Cross with Star	Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary Officer's Cross
2nd row	Order of the Iron Crown (Austria) 3rd Class with war decoration and swords	Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with war decoration and swords	Silver Military Merit Medal on war ribbon with swords	Bronze Military Merit Medal on war ribbon with swords
3rd row	Hungarian Bronze Military Merit Medal	Hungarian World War I Commemorative Medal	Long Service Crosses for Officers 1st class	Decoration for Services to the Red Cross 2nd Class with war decoration
4th row	Transylvania Commemorative Medal	Fire Cross 1st class with wreath and swords	Mobilization Cross 1912/13	Iron Cross 2nd Class (1939–1945)
Badge	Badge of the Order of Vitéz

References

• FERENC SZOMBATHELYI – HEAD OF THE GENERAL STAFF OF THE HUNGARIAN ROYAL ARMY, Thesis of University Doctorate (PhD) Dissertation by József Kaló; accessed 24 January 2018.
• Földi Pál: A Magyar Királyi Honvédség a második világháborúban, Anno Kiadó, 2000; ISBN 978-963-375-221-0
• Földi Pál: Horthy tábornokai, Anno Kiadó, 2007, Debrecen; ISBN 978-963-375-487-0
• Dombrády Lóránd: Szombathelyi Ferenc a népbíróság előtt HM Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum Line Design, 2007.
• Györkei Jenő: Idegen bírák előtt. Szombathelyi Ferenc újvidéki pere és kivégzése. Zrínyi Kiadó, Budapest, 2002.