Jump to content

Disneyland Paris

Coordinates: 48°52′07″N 02°46′55″E / 48.86861°N 2.78194°E / 48.86861; 2.78194
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Euro-Disney)

Disneyland Paris
Previously known as Euro Disney Resort and Disneyland Resort Paris
Sleeping Beauty Castle in Disneyland Park
LocationMarne-la-Vallée, France
Coordinates48°52′07″N 02°46′55″E / 48.86861°N 2.78194°E / 48.86861; 2.78194
StatusOperating
Opened12 April 1992; 32 years ago (1992-04-12)
Owner
Attendance375 million (overall as of 2022)
Websitedisneylandparis.com
[1]
Disneyland Paris
Theme parks
Disneyland Park
Walt Disney Studios Park
Resort hotels
Disneyland Hotel
Disney Hotel New York – The Art of Marvel
Disney Newport Bay Club
Disney Sequoia Lodge
Disney Hotel Cheyenne
Disney Hotel Santa Fe
Disney Davy Crockett Ranch
Related
Disney Village
Golf Disneyland
Val d'Europe

Disneyland Paris is an entertainment resort in Marne-la-Vallée, France, located about 32 kilometres (20 miles) east of Paris. It encompasses two theme parks, seven Disney-owned hotels, two convention centers, a golf course, an arena, and a shopping, dining and entertainment complex. Opened on 12 April 1992, the resort is operated by Disney Experiences, a division of The Walt Disney Company.

It is the second Disney park outside the United States, following the opening of the Tokyo Disney Resort in 1983, and the largest. Disneyland Paris is also the only Disney resort outside of the United States to be completely owned by the company. Disneyland Park, opened in 1992, is the original theme park of the complex. A second theme park, Walt Disney Studios Park, opened in 2002.

The resort is located on approximately 2,100 hectares (5,200 acres) of land which is being developed under a master agreement with French governmental authorities. About half of the land has been developed, including a planned community, Val d'Europe.

Disneyland Paris is Europe's most-visited theme park,[2][3] and the largest single-site employer in France with 17,000 employees.[4][5] It generated $343 million in profit for Disney in 2023.[6] By 2022, 375 million people had visited the park.[7][3]

Ownership

[edit]

The Walt Disney Company announced a €1 billion plan (equivalent to US$1.25 billion at the time) to rescue the financially struggling Disneyland Paris resort, the Financial Times reported on 6 October 2014.[8] The park was burdened by its debt, which at the time was calculated at about €1.75 billion (US$2.2 billion), roughly 15 times its gross average earnings.

Up to that point, Disney only held a minority ownership stake in the resort. In early 2017, the company purchased 9% of Euro Disney S.C.A., buying 9% from Kingdom Holding[9] and issued a tender offer of €2 per share for the remaining stock. This brought The Walt Disney Company's total ownership to 85.7%.[10] The Walt Disney company also invested an additional €1.5 billion to strengthen and develop Disneyland Paris.[10] In June 2017, Disney completed its tender offer and at the time owned over 97% of Euro Disney.[11] It then implemented a full buyout of the shares they did not already own.[12] In 2018, after taking full control of Disneyland Paris, Walt Disney reported its plans to invest €2 billion (US$2.47 billion) into the Disneyland Paris resort.[13][14][15]

History

[edit]

Seeking a location for a European resort

[edit]

Following the success of Disneyland in California, plans to build a similar theme park in Europe emerged in 1966 with sites in Frankfurt, Paris, London or Milan under consideration.[16] Under the leadership of E. Cardon Walker, Tokyo Disneyland opened in 1983 in Japan with instant success, forming a catalyst for international expansion. In late 1984 the heads of Disney's theme park division, Dick Nunis and Jim Cora, presented a list of approximately 1,200 possible European locations for the park. Britain, France, Italy and Spain were all considered. However, Britain and Italy were dropped from the list due to both lacking a suitable expanse of flat land. By March 1985, the number of possible locations for the park had been reduced to four; two in France and two in Spain. Both nations saw the potential economic advantages of a Disney theme park and offered competing financing deals to Disney.

Both Spanish sites were located near the Mediterranean and offered a subtropical climate similar to Disney's parks in California and Florida. Disney had asked each site to provide average temperatures for every month for the previous 40 years, which proved a complicated endeavour as none of the records were computerised.[17] The site in Pego, Alicante became the front-runner, but the location was controversial as it would have meant the destruction of Marjal de Pego-Oliva marshlands, a site of natural beauty and one of the last homes of the almost extinct Samaruc or Valencia Toothcarp, so there was some local outcry among environmentalists.[18][19] Disney had also shown interest in a site near Toulon in southern France, not far from Marseille. The pleasing landscape of that region, as well as its climate, made the location a top competitor for what would be called Euro Disneyland. However, shallow bedrock was encountered beneath the site, which would have rendered construction too difficult. Finally, a site in the rural town of Marne-la-Vallée was chosen because of its proximity to Paris and its central location in Western Europe. This location was estimated to be no more than a four-hour drive for 68 million people and no more than a two-hour flight for a further 300 million.

Michael Eisner signed the first letter of agreement with the French government for the 20-square-kilometre (4,940-acre) site on 18 December 1985, and the first financial contracts were drawn up during the following spring. The final contract was signed by the leaders of the Walt Disney Company and the French government and territorial collectivities on 24 March 1987.[20] Construction began in August 1988, and in December 1990, an information centre named "Espace Euro Disney" was opened to show the public what was being constructed at the time. Plans for a theme park next to Euro Disneyland based on the entertainment industry, Disney-MGM Studios Europe, quickly went into development, scheduled to open in 1995 with a construction budget of US$2.3 billion.[21] The construction manager was Bovis.[22]

Design and construction

[edit]
'Disneyland Hotel'. Through the hotel is the entrance ticket hall to the Park.

To provide lodging to patrons, it was decided that 5,200 Disney-owned hotel rooms would be built within the complex. In March 1988, Disney and a council of architects (Frank Gehry, Michael Graves, Robert A.M. Stern, Stanley Tigerman, and Robert Venturi) decided on an exclusively American theme in which each hotel would depict a region of the United States. At the time of the opening in April 1992, seven hotels collectively housing 5,800[23] rooms had been built.

An entertainment, shopping, and dining complex based on Walt Disney World's Downtown Disney was designed by Frank Gehry.

With its towers of oxidised silver and bronze-coloured stainless steel under a canopy of lights, it opened as Festival Disney.[24] For a projected daily attendance of 55,000, Euro Disney planned to serve an estimated 14,000 people per hour inside the Euro Disneyland park. To accomplish this, 29 restaurants were built inside the park (with a further 11 restaurants built at the Euro Disney resort hotels and five at Festival Disney). Menus and prices were varied with an American flavor predominant and Disney's precedent of not serving alcoholic beverages was continued in the park.

2,300 patio seats (30% of park seating) were installed to satisfy Europeans' expected preference of eating outdoors in good weather. In test kitchens at Walt Disney World, recipes were adapted for European tastes. Walter Meyer, executive chef for menu development at Euro Disney and executive chef of food projects development at Walt Disney World noted, "A few things we did need to change, but most of the time people kept telling us, 'Do your own thing. Do what's American'."[25]

Recruitment/employment

[edit]

Unlike Disney's American theme parks, Euro Disney aimed for permanent employees (an estimated requirement of 12,000 for the theme park itself), as opposed to seasonal and temporary part-time employees. Casting centres were set up in Paris, London, and Amsterdam. However, it was understood by the French government and Disney that "a concentrated effort would be made to tap into the local French labour market".[26] Disney sought workers with sufficient communication skills, who spoke two European languages (French and one other), and were socially outgoing. Following precedent, Euro Disney set up its own Disney University to train workers. 24,000 people had applied by November 1991.[26]

In 2011, the park provided 55,643 direct and indirect jobs in France.[27] According to Damien Audric, Director of Development and the Environment, Disneyland Paris would generate 63,000 jobs by 2022.[28] Overall, in 2022, Disneyland Paris was still Seine-et-Marne's largest employer.[29]

Controversies

[edit]

The prospect of a Disney park in France was a subject of debate and controversy. Critics, who included prominent French intellectuals, denounced what they considered to be the cultural imperialism of Euro Disney and felt it would encourage an unhealthy American type of consumerism in France.[30] On 28 June 1992, a group of French farmers blockaded Euro Disney in protest of farm policies supported at the time by the United States.[31]

A journalist at the centre-right French newspaper Le Figaro wrote, "I wish with all my heart that the rebels would set fire to [Euro] Disneyland."[32] Ariane Mnouchkine, a Parisian stage director, named the concept a "cultural Chernobyl",[33] a phrase which would be echoed in the media during Euro Disney's initial years.

In response, French philosopher Michel Serres noted, "It is not America that is invading us. It is we who adore it, who adopt its fashions and above all, its words." Euro Disney S.C.A.'s then-chairman Robert Fitzpatrick responded, "We didn't come in and say O.K., we're going to put a beret and a baguette on Mickey Mouse. We are who we are."[26]

Topics of controversy also included Disney's American managers requiring English to be spoken at all meetings and Disney's appearance code for members of staff, which listed regulations and limitations for the use of makeup, facial hair, tattoos, jewellery, and more.

French labour unions mounted protests against the appearance code, which they saw as "an attack on individual liberty". Others criticised Disney as being insensitive to French culture, individualism, and privacy, because restrictions on individual or collective liberties were illegal under French law, unless it could be demonstrated that the restrictions are requisite to the job and do not exceed what is necessary.

Disney countered by saying that a ruling that barred them from imposing such an employment standard could threaten the image and long-term success of the park. "For us, the appearance code has a great effect from a product identification standpoint," said Thor Degelmann, Euro Disney's personnel director. "Without it we couldn't be presenting the Disney product that people would be expecting."[34]

Opening day and early years

[edit]

Euro Disney opened for employee preview and testing in March 1992. During this time, visitors were mostly park employees and their family members, who tested facilities and operations. The press was able to visit the day before the park's opening day, 12 April 1992.

On 12 April 1992, Euro Disney Resort and its theme park, Euro Disneyland, officially opened. Visitors were warned of chaos on the roads. A government survey indicated that half a million people carried by 90,000 cars might attempt to enter the complex. French radio warned traffic to avoid the area. By midday, the car park was approximately half full, suggesting an attendance level below 25,000. Explanations of the lower-than-expected turnout included speculation that people heeded the advice to stay away and that the one-day strike that cut the direct RER railway connection to Euro Disney from the centre of Paris made the park inaccessible.[32] Due to the European recession that August, the park faced financial difficulties as there were a lack of things to do and an overabundance of hotels, leading to underperformance.[35] The failure of Euro Disney caused the cancellation of several projects like WestCOT, Disney's America, Tomorrowland 2055 at Disneyland and Beastly Kingdom at Disney's Animal Kingdom.[36]

A new Indiana Jones roller coaster ride was opened at Euro Disney in 1993. A few weeks after the ride opened, there were problems with the emergency brakes which resulted in guest injuries.[37]

In 1994, the company was still having financial difficulties. There were rumours that Euro Disney was getting close to having to file for bankruptcy. The banks and the backers had meetings to work out some of the financial problems facing Euro Disney. In March 1994, Team Disney went into negotiations with the banks so that they could get some help for their debt. As a last resort, the Walt Disney Company threatened to close the Disneyland Paris park, leaving the banks with the land.[35]

Financial, attendance and employment struggles

[edit]
Disney Newport Bay Club

In May 1992, entertainment magazine The Hollywood Reporter reported that about 25% of Euro Disney's workforce, approximately 3,000 people, had resigned from their jobs because of unacceptable working conditions. It also reported that the park's attendance was far behind expectations. The disappointing attendance can be at least partly explained by the recession and increased unemployment, which was affecting France and most of the rest of the developed world at this time; when construction of the resort began, the economy was still on an upswing.[38]

Euro Disney S.C.A. responded in an interview with The Wall Street Journal, in which Robert Fitzpatrick claimed only 1,000 people had left their jobs. In response to the financial situation, Fitzpatrick ordered that the Disney-MGM Studios Europe project would be put on halt until a further decision could be made. Prices at the hotels were reduced.

Despite these efforts in May 1992, park attendance was around 25,000 (some reports give a figure of 30,000) instead of the predicted 60,000. The Euro Disney Company stock price spiraled downward and on 23 July 1992, Euro Disney announced an expected net loss in its first year of operation of approximately 300 million French francs. During Euro Disney's first winter, hotel occupancy was so low that it was decided to close the Newport Bay Club hotel during the season.

Initial hopes were that each visitor would spend around US$33 per day, but near the end of 1992, analysts found spending to be around 12% lower.[39] Efforts to improve attendance included serving alcoholic beverages with meals inside the Euro Disneyland park, in response to a presumed European demand, which began 12 June 1993.[40]

By the summer of 1994, Euro Disney was burdened with $3 billion worth of debt. Disney CFO Richard Nanula and Wall Street financier Steve Norris worked with Alwaleed's business advisor Mustafa Al Hejailan to rescue the overleveraged company. In that deal, Disney's 49 percent stake was reduced to 39 percent, the banks agreed to forego interest payments until 1997, Disney wrote off royalties and fees until 1999, and Alwaleed agreed to pay $345 million for a 24 percent stake in Euro Disney.[41]

1995 turnaround

[edit]

On 1 October 1994, Euro Disney changed its name to Disneyland Paris. On 31 May 1995, a new attraction opened at the theme park. Space Mountain: De la Terre à la Lune had been planned since the inception of Disneyland Paris under the name Discovery Mountain, but was reserved for a revival of public interest. With a redesign of the attraction (which had premiered as Space Mountain at the Walt Disney World Resort's Magic Kingdom in 1975)[42] including a "cannon launch" system, inversions, and an on-ride soundtrack, the US$100 million attraction was dedicated in a ceremony attended by celebrities such as Elton John, Claudia Schiffer, and Buzz Aldrin.

On 25 July 1995, Disneyland Paris reported its first quarterly profit of US$35.3 million.[43] On 15 November 1995, the results for the fiscal year ending 30 September 1995 were released; in one year the theme park's attendance had climbed from 8.8 million to 10.7 million, an increase of 21%. Hotel occupancy had also climbed from 60 to 68.5%.[44] After debt payments, Disneyland Paris ended the year with a net profit of US$22.8 million.[45]

2000–2017

[edit]

In March 2002, Disneyland Paris underwent a second name change to Disneyland Resort Paris. In 2002, Euro Disney S.C.A. and the Walt Disney Company announced another annual profit for Disneyland Paris. However, it then incurred a net loss in the three years following.[46] By March 2004, the Walt Disney Company had agreed to write off all debt that Euro Disney S.C.A. owed to the Walt Disney Company.[47] On 1 December 2003, Euro Disney S.C.A launched the 'Need Magic?' campaign, which lasted until March 2006 to bring new, first-time European visitors to the resort.

In March 2006, Disneyland Resort Paris launched the advertising campaign "believe in your dreams" and paired with the TGV East European Line to encourage European family attendance to the resort.[48][49] Shortly after announcing a 12% increase in revenues for the fiscal year of 2007,[50] Euro Disney S.C.A. implemented a "reverse split" consolidation of shares of 100 to 1.[51] August 2008 brought the resort's 200 millionth visitor,[52] and made for the third consecutive year of growth in revenues for the resort as well as a record 15.3 million visitors in attendance.[53]

In 2009, the resort demonstrated dedication to the recruitment of new employment positions, especially for the Christmas and summer seasons,[54] which continued in 2010 and 2011 when 2,000 and 3,000 employment contracts being offered, respectively.[55][56] The 2009 fiscal year saw a decrease in revenues by 7% and a net loss of €63 million[57] followed by stable revenues at €1.2 billion in fiscal year 2010.[58] Euro Disney S.C.A. refinanced their debt to Walt Disney Company again for €1.3 billion in September 2012.[59]

A study done by the Inter-ministerial Delegation reviewing Disneyland Paris' contribution to the French economy was released in time for the Resort's 20th anniversary in March 2012. It found that despite the resort's financial hardships, it had generated "37 billion euros in tourism-related revenues over twenty years", supports on average 55,000 jobs in France annually, and that one job at Disneyland Paris generates nearly three jobs elsewhere in France.[60]

For the first time in the resort's history, both the Disneyland Park and Disney Adventure World closed from 14 to 17 November 2015, as part of France's national days of mourning following the November 2015 Paris attacks.[61]

In 2015, Euro Disney announced major renovations for 2015, 2016 and 2017 in preparation for the complex's 25th anniversary.[62]

The Themed Entertainment Association considers Disneyland Paris to be the leading European resort in 2016 with a total of 13.37 million visitors. With two amusement parks and 5,800 rooms, it is followed by the Europa-Park resort with 5.6 million visitors and 953 rooms. The Spanish complex PortAventura World completes the rank top three in Europe. It features three themed-parks as well as 2,100 rooms.[63]

2017–present: Expansions

[edit]

On 19 June 2017, the resort's operating company, Euro Disney S.C.A, was acquired by The Walt Disney Company, giving them full control of the resort. In December 2018, Natacha Rafalski took over as CEO.[64] On 1 September 2017 the resort's second nature resort opened as Les Villages Nature Paris.

On 26 March 2017, the opening of Star Tours: The Adventures Continue – a new version of Star Tours – marked the start of Disneyland Paris' 25th anniversary.[65] On 31 March 2017, forums announced plans for Marvel attractions at Disney Adventure World[66] as well as renovations to the Disneyland Hotel and Disney's Hotel New York in the next ten years.[67] On 14 May 2017, to celebrate Disneyland Paris' 25th anniversary, the park welcomed actors from Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Men Tell No Tales, for the film's European premiere.[68]

On 27 February 2018, Walt Disney Company CEO Bob Iger announced that company would invest €2 billion into the Disneyland Paris resort.[69] The Disney Adventure World will be expanded with three new areas between 2021 and 2025, based upon Marvel, Frozen and Star Wars.[70][71]

In March 2018, a Disney Parks West regional division was formed with Disneyland Resort in California, Walt Disney World in Florida, and Disneyland Paris under Catherine Powell, outgoing Disneyland Paris president. This mirrors the Disney Parks East regional division consisting of Shanghai Disney Resort, Hong Kong Disneyland and Walt Disney Attractions Japan and headed by Michael Colglazier.[72] In September 2019, Powell exited her post as president of the Parks West division, with the division dissolving, and Disneyland Paris transferred to Disney Parks International, while the East region reverted to its prior name.[73]

On 1 June 2019, Disneyland Paris sponsored the Magical Pride Party, an LGBTQ celebration.[74] Previous similar events have taken place at the park since 2014, but were not officially sponsored by Disney.[74]

Natacha Rafalski was promoted from chief financial officer to president for Disneyland Paris in December 2018.[75] On 15 March 2020, in line with other Disney parks and resorts, Disneyland Paris was shut down due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Disneyland Park and Disney Adventure World reopened to the public on 15 July with the rest of the resort. On 29 October 2020, the resort closed again due to a second nationwide lockdown.[76][77][78] Disneyland Paris reopened on 17 June 2021.[79]

In 2022, Disney's shares in Villages Nature Paris were sold.[80][81]

In 2022, Disneyland Paris celebrated its 30th anniversary.[82] In March 2022, in celebration of its 30th anniversary, Disneyland Paris marked its 30 years with a nightly drone show entitled 'Disney D-Light' in partnership with the Bordeaux-based company Dronisos.[83] The visual spectacle was realized with the use of 200 drones.[84] In fact, Disney D-Light won the Park World Excellence Awards' title of the 'Best Live Entertainment of the Year' in 2022.[85]

In the summer of 2022, to mark the park's anniversary in France, Disneyland Paris inaugurated the Marvel Avengers Campus, an area dedicated to the superheroes of the Marvel Universe, with the presence of the actress Brie Larson who plays Captain Marvel.[86][87]

At the Expo of the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA), Disneyland Paris' 30th Anniversary Celebration was elected for the 'Most Creative Property-Wide Event, Amusement Parks and Attractions, Including Water Parks, Annual Attendance More than 1 million'.[88]

Entertainment shows

[edit]

Electroland Festival

[edit]

On 8 July 2017, Disneyland hosted its first-ever EDM festival entitled Electroland, in celebration of Disneyland Paris' 25th anniversary. Steve Aoki, NERVO & Michael Calfan were the main highlights of the first edition.[89] The second edition of the festival was held on 29 and 30 June 2018, which featured Afrojack, Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, Klingande, Robin Schulz, Bob Sinclair, Mosimann and Lovely Laura & Ben Santiago. The third edition was held over a span of 3 days from 5 July through to 7 July in 2019. The theme of the third edition was based upon Disney's movie The Lion King. The lineup included Steve Aoki, Nervo, Showtek, The Magician, Nicky Romero, Alesso, Armin van Buuren, Nora En Pure etc. Disneyland also announced the fourth edition of the 3-day festival in 2020 starting from 4 July.[90]

Disney Junior Dream Factory

[edit]

In July 2021, Disneyland Paris launched a new show; Disney Junior Dream Factory, which lasts 20 minutes and whose theme is 'dare to believe in your dreams and they will come true'.[91] The show includes characters like Mickey, Minnie and Timon. It also features characters like Disney Junior's rising stars Vampirina and Fancy Nancy Clancy, joined by the Dream Factory crew.[92] To enable as many people as possible to take part in the story and the theme of the show, Disneyland Paris presents a French sign language version of the show every weekend.[91]

Together

[edit]

In July 2023, Disneyland Paris introduced its new show 'Together' which includes Dory, Coco, Buzz Lightyear and all the characters from Pixar films.[93] It is a cine-concert that features a live orchestra with actors on stage, music extracted from the movies and original compositions.[94]

Other Events

[edit]

Minecon 2012

[edit]

From November 24 to 25, 2012, Disneyland Paris' Events Arena, the New York Convention Centre, and the Times Square Exhibitor's Hall hosted the 2012 edition of the official Minecraft convention Minecon which was attended by 4,500 people.[95] During the convention, Mojang announced Minecraft's Redstone Update. The convention featured several Minecraft YouTubers as guests along with developers from Mojang.

Regional impact

[edit]

Disneyland Paris is the driving force behind the urban and economic development of the Val-d’Europe conurbation due to tourism brought in by the park.[29]

Disneyland is also one of Europe's leading private tourist destinations with nearly 15 million visitors every year.[96] After 25 years of its opening, Disneyland Paris recorded 320 million visits in 2017.[97] The same year, it was reported that Disneyland Paris benefited the French economy by €66 billion in added value since its opening in 1992.[98] It was also noted that Disneyland Paris contributed to the French economy through producing 56,000 direct and indirect jobs in 2017.[97]

Disneyland Paris significantly contributes to the sector of tourism in France.[99][97] Tourists visiting Disneyland Paris generate 6% of tourism revenue in France and 17% of sales in the Ile-de-France region.[100][101] In 2023, it was reported that more than 375 million visitors have been to Disneyland Paris with an average of 50% French and 50% foreign.[96]

Environmental sustainability

[edit]

Since 2019, plastic straws and bags have been replaced by paper equivalents and bags made from 80% recycled plastic.[102][103] This is not the site's first eco-responsible initiative.[104] Indeed, in 2013, it launched a program to optimize water management.[104][105] Since 2013, the park has had its own wastewater treatment plant, enabling it to produce 2,100 m3 of water a day from its wastewater. On-site treatment enables ecological and economical management.[106] Being the only theme park in Europe to have this kind of installation, Disneyland Paris has saved over 2 million m3 of drinking water since launching the system.[107]

In 2022, Disneyland Paris announced that a total of 82,000 solar panels would be installed, generating 36 GWh of electricity per year.[108] The system will cover 17% of the tourist park's electricity needs and already includes 46,000 photovoltaic panels.[109][110] The project is expected to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 890 tonnes of CO₂ yearly.[110]

In September 2023, Disneyland Paris renewed its involvement in World-Clean-Up Day, the world's largest environmental clean-up campaign. Accordingly, Disneyland Paris encouraged its team and Disney VoluntEARS to take part of the initiative.[111]

Sponsorships and commitments

[edit]

Ever since the opening of the park in 1992, Disneyland Paris has been a partner of the Pièces Jaunes operation.[112] Indeed, the park also organizes visits for hospitalized children.[113][114] On 18 May 2022, 500 hospitalized children and adolescents were invited along with their families to spend a day at Disneyland Paris.[112]

Awards

[edit]

In 2020, Disneyland Paris was named 'Europe's Best Family Park' at the European Star Awards.[115] The same year and at the same award show, Disneyland Paris managed to win other categories such as 'Best Dark Ride or Media Based Experience', 'Best Large Park' and 'Best Live Entertainment'.[115][116]

In 2022, Disneyland Paris won the World Travel Awards' title of 'Europe's Leading Theme Park Resort'.[117] Disneyland Paris already won the same award in 2016, 2017,2020 and 2021.[117] Also in 2022, Disneyland Paris won the title of the best 'European Amusement Park of the Year' during the Parksmania Awards.[118][119] Spider-Man W.E.B Adventure was awarded the 'European Top New Attractions' by the Parksmania Awards as well.[118][119] Designed specifically for the 30th Anniversary of Disneyland Paris, Disney D-Light was honored with the title of Best Live Entertainment 2022 at the Park World Excellence Awards held in London on 14 September.

Name changes

[edit]

Disneyland Paris and its properties have been subject to a number of name changes, initially an effort to overcome the negative publicity that followed the inception of the Euro Disney Resort.[120]

  1. 12 April 1992 – 31 May 1994: Euro Disney Resort
  2. 1 June – 30 September 1994: Euro Disneyland Paris
  3. 1 October 1994 – 15 March 2002: Disneyland Paris
  4. 16 March 2002 – 3 April 2009: Disneyland Resort Paris
  5. 4 April 2009 – Present: Disneyland Paris (again)

Theme years

[edit]
  1. 1st anniversary (12 April 1993 – 1994)
  2. 5th anniversary (12 April 1997 – 1998)
  3. 10th anniversary (12 April 2002 – 2003)
  4. 15th anniversary (following premieres: 31 March 2007, The events officially began: 1 April 2007, 12 April 2007 – March 2009)
  5. 20th anniversary (12 April 2012 – 2014)
  6. 25th anniversary (12 April 2017 – 2018)
  7. 30th anniversary (6 March 2022, 12 April 2022 – 30 September 2023)

Non-Anniversary

[edit]
  1. Happiest Homecoming on Earth (5 May 2005 – September 2006)
  2. Mickey's Magical Party (4 April 2009 – March 2010)
  3. New Generation Festival (1 April 2010 – 2011)
  4. Disney Symphony of Colours (8 January  – 30 September 2024)
  5. Mickey's 100th Birthday (1 January 2028  – future)

The complex

[edit]
A panorama shot of the park from the top of the Queen of Hearts' castle

Disneyland Paris contains 2 themed-parks, an entertainment center, a commercial area and leisure activities with stores, restaurants and entertainment, as well as eight Disney hotels and partner hotels of the complex.[121]

Parks

[edit]

Shopping, dining, and entertainment

[edit]
  • Disney Village, an entertainment district containing a variety of restaurants, entertainment venues and shops.
  • Val d'Europe, a shopping centre with a variety of outlet shops and large department stores.

Other recreation

[edit]

Attractions

[edit]
Main article: List of Disneyland Park (Paris) attractions

According to the Disneyland Paris website the theme park's top five attractions in Disneyland Park are It's a Small World, Star Wars Hyperspace Mountain (formerly known as Space Mountain: Mission 2), Big Thunder Mountain, Pirates of the Caribbean, and Buzz Lightyear's Laser Blast.[122] It's a Small World, located in Fantasyland, takes visitors on a musical tour of world attractions;[123] Star Tours and Hyperspace Mountain (which is a roller coaster) are situated in the Discoveryland district; Big Thunder Mountain is a mine train roller coaster within Frontierland;[123] Pirates of the Caribbean is located in Adventureland; and Buzz Lightyear's Lazer Blast, also located in Discoveryland, was inspired by the Disney/Pixar film Toy Story 2 and features people attempting to successfully shoot lasers at seemingly moving targets to earn as many points as possible.[123]

The park is approximately 4,800 acres (1,942 ha), and is divided into two main parks, the fairytale-themed Disneyland Park and the Walt Disney Studios Park,[124] each holds its separate attraction areas within them.[125] While the first park opened in 1992 and included attractions inspired by 'classic Disney characters', the second one opened in 2002 and included 'cinema-themed rides'.[126]

The park receives around fifteen million visitors a year,[127] accordingly, it is considered to be one of the most famous amusement parks in Europe.[128]

In 2018, The Walt Disney Company announced a multi-year expansion project.[129] It is expected to be completed by 2024 in time for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. As of June 21st, 2024, it has yet to be completed.

In July 2022, the park opened a new area for its Marvel superheroes which includes a new roller coaster named 'Avengers Assemble: Flight Force' and the 'interactive Spider-Man W.E.B Adventure'.[130][131] Besides these two attractions, the Marvel Avengers Campus also offers a store, three restaurants, several food trucks and a meeting place for Marvel superheroes.[132]

Roller coasters

[edit]
Name Manufacturer Speed Height Length Park (Section) Opened
Big Thunder Mountain Railroad Vekoma 65 km/h (40 mph) 22 m (72 ft) 1,500 m (4,900 ft) Disneyland Park, Frontierland 1992
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Peril Intamin 58 km/h (36 mph) 18 m (59 ft) 600 m (2,000 ft) Disneyland Park, Adventureland 1993
Casey Jr. Circus Train Vekoma 45 km/h (28 mph) 3 m (9.8 ft) unknown Disneyland Park, Fantasyland 1994
Hyperspace Mountain Vekoma 71 km/h (44 mph) 32 m (105 ft) 1,000 m (3,300 ft) Disneyland Park, Discoveryland 1995
RC Racer Intamin 80 km/h (50 mph) 25 m (82 ft) 82 m (269 ft) Walt Disney Studios Park, Toon Studio 2010
Avengers Assemble: Flight Force Vekoma 92 km/h (57 mph) 24 m (79 ft) 1,037 m (3,402 ft) Walt Disney Studios Park, Avengers Campus 2002 (as Rock 'n' Roller Coaster avec Aerosmith), 2022
Crush's Coaster Maurer Söhne 60.7 km/h (37.7 mph) 16 m (52 ft) 545 m (1,788 ft) Walt Disney Studios Park, Toon Studio 2007

Rides

[edit]
Name Manufacturer Type Length Park (Section) Opened
Buzz Lightyear Laser Blast Sansei Technologies, Inc. Dark ride 164 m (538 ft) Disneyland Park, Discoveryland 2006
Phantom Manor Vekoma Dark ride 239 m (784 ft) Disneyland Park, Frontierland 1992
Star Tours: L'Aventure Continue Thales Training & Simulation 3-D Motion Simulator unknown Disneyland Park, Discoveryland 2017
Pirates of the Caribbean Intamin Dark ride unknown Disneyland Park, Adventureland 1992
Ratatouille: L'Aventure Totalement Toquée de Rémy Walt Disney Imagineering Dark ride unknown Walt Disney Studios Park, Toon Studio 2021

Hotels

[edit]

The complex features six Disneyland Paris hotels. The Disneyland Hotel is located over the entrance of the Disneyland Park and is marketed as the most prestigious hotel on the property. A body of water known as Lake Disney is surrounded by Disney Hotel New York – The Art of Marvel, Disney Newport Bay Club, and Disney Sequoia Lodge. Disney Hotel Cheyenne and Disney Hotel Santa Fe are located near Lake Disney; Disney Davy Crockett Ranch is located in a woodland area outside the resort perimeter.

Name Theme Architect Number of Rooms Opening Date Price Rating
Disneyland Hotel Disney Princess
Victorian 		Walt Disney Imagineering & Wimberly, Allison, Tong & Goo 496 12 April 1992 €€€ 5*
Disney Hotel New York – The Art of Marvel Marvel Cinematic Universe
Art Deco 		Michael Graves 565 21 June 2021 €€€ 4*
Disney Newport Bay Club New England Robert A.M. Stern Architects 1,098 12 April 1992 €€ 4*
Disney Sequoia Lodge National Park Service rustic Antoine Grumbach 1,011 12 April 1992 €€ 3*
Disney Hotel Cheyenne Toy Story
American frontier 		Robert A.M. Stern Architects 1,000 12 April 1992 € 3*
Disney Hotel Santa Fe Cars
American Southwest 		Antoine Predock 1,000 12 April 1992 € 2*

Disneyland Paris includes six on-site partner hotels that are not managed by The Walt Disney Company but provide free shuttle buses to the parks: B&B Hotel, Algonquin's Explorers Hotel and Campanile Val de France. There are also two associated hotels located in Val d'Europe: Adagio Marne-la-Vallée Val d'Europe and Hôtel l'Élysée Val d'Europe.

Resorts

[edit]

Located set back from the parks, these resorts specialize in adventurous and aquatic activities.

Name Theme Design Number of rooms Opening date Price Rating
Disney Davy Crockett Ranch Wilderness and adventure Set back from the parks, the ranch is located in the midst of a large forest. Guests stay in cozy log cabins with access to swimming pools and other sports facilities. There is a restaurant and a bar. 595 12 April 1992 € 2*

Transport

[edit]
Marne-la-Vallée – Chessy station, view to the platform area

A large railway station, Marne-la-Vallée–Chessy, is located between the theme parks and Disney Village. It opened on 1 April 1992 and is notably served by regional express line RER A which provides a direct connection with the centre of Paris and for further connections, direct to Paris-Gare-de-Lyon.

The railway station is also served by long-distance high-speed TGV and Ouigo trains offering direct services to many cities across France. There are also Thalys services to both Brussels and Amsterdam.

Eurostar services were introduced between Disneyland Paris and London St Pancras International in 1996. These were suspended on 7 June 2023, though Eurostar announced they may be reinstated the following year. Customers can still travel from St Pancras to the resort by changing trains at Lille Europe.[133] The suspension has been caused by the financial collapse of Eurostar during the COVID-19 pandemic, and further complications with post-Brexit border controls although Eurostar intends to revisits options the following year.[134][135]

Free Disney shuttle buses provide transport to all Disney hotels and Les Villages Nature Paris (except Disney Davy Crockett Ranch) and Associated Hotels. They are accessed from the Disneyland bus station.

Backstage Disney

[edit]

Disneyland Paris has strict rules designed to prevent guests from seeing backstage areas of the park. Photography and filming are strictly forbidden in all backstage areas. The edges of the parks are lined with ride buildings and foliage to hide areas that are not for the public to see. Numerous area gates allow entrance into the park for cast members, parade floats, etc. When area gates around the park are open, anything that can be seen through them is considered to be on-stage and part of the Disney Magic. Therefore, from the moment the gates are open, all of the cast must be in character and in place to 'perform'. As the complex is so big, shuttle buses take cast members to different parts of the parks via service roads located around the perimeter of the parks.

Many attractions are housed in large, soundstage-like buildings called "show buildings", some of which are partially or completely disguised by external theming. Most show buildings have off-white flat roofs that support HVAC units and footpaths for maintenance cast members. Housed inside show buildings are the actual attractions, which include hidden walkways, service areas, control rooms, and other backstage operations.

Attendance

[edit]
Annual attendance of Disneyland Paris parks[136][137]
(In thousands of visitors and world rank in brackets)
Year Park Disneyland Walt Disney
Studios Park 		Disneyland Paris
(total)
1992 10,000 (4) — 10,000
1993 9,800 (4) — 9,800
1994 8,800 (5) — 8,800
1995 10,700 (4) — 10,700
1996 11,700 (4) — 11,700
1997 12,600 (4) — 12,600
1998 12,500 (4) — 12,500
1999 12,500 (4) — 12,500
2000 12,000 (4) — 12,000
2001 12,200 (4) — 12,200
2002 10,300 (5) 2,800 (>25) 13,100
2003 10,200 (5) 2,200 (>25) 12,400
2004 10,200 (5) 2,200 (>25) 12,400
2005 10,200 (5) 2,100 (>25) 12,300
2006 10,600 (5) 2,200 (>25) 12,800
2007 12,000 (5) 2,500 (>25) 14,500
2008 12,688 (4) 2,612 (>25) 15,300
2009 12,740 (4) 2,655 (>25) 15,395
2010 10,500 (6) 4,500 (19) 15,000
2011 10,990 (5) 4,710 (20) 15,700
2012 11,200 (6) 4,800 (21) 16,000
2013 10,430 (6) 4,470 (21) 14,900
2014 9,940 (9) 4,260 (25) 14,200
2015 10,360 (9) 4,440 (>25) 14,800
2016 8,400 (13) 4,970 (22) 13,370
2017 9,660 (12) 5,200 (22) 14,860
2018 9,843 (13) 5,298 (23) 15,141
2019[138] 9,745 (14) 5,245 (23) 14,990
2020 2,620 1,410 4,030
2021 3,500 1,880 5,380
2022 9,930 5,340 15,270
2023[139] 10,400 (9) 5,700 (20) 16,100

Notable incidents

[edit]
Main article: List of incidents at Disneyland Paris

Notable incidents that have taken place at Disneyland Paris in France. The term incidents refers to major accidents, injuries, deaths, and significant crimes. While these incidents are required to be reported to regulatory authorities for investigation, attraction-related incidents usually fall into one of the following categories:

  • Caused by negligence on the guest's part. This can be refusal to follow specific ride safety instructions, or deliberate intent to break park rules.
  • The result of a guest's known, or unknown, health issues.
  • Negligence on the park's part, either by the ride operator or maintenance.
  • Act of God or a generic accident (e.g. slipping and falling) that is not a direct result of an action on anybody's part.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Disneyland Paris". Le Parisien. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  2. ^ "Trente ans jour pour jour après son ouverture, Disneyland Paris s'offre une journée "collector"". France Info. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Disneyland Paris facts and information". Paris Digest. 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  4. ^ "Disneyland Paris is building a solar farm as big as 24 football fields". Euronews. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  5. ^ "'It's Like Coming Home to Family': Disneyland Paris Reopens". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  6. ^ Sylt, Christian; Reid, Caroline (30 March 2024). "Disneyland Paris conjures up bumper profits despite strikes". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  7. ^ "Trente ans jour pour jour après son ouverture, Disneyland Paris s'offre une journée "collector"". France Info. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  8. ^ Carnegy, Hugh (6 October 2014). "Euro Disney faces €1bn bailout by Walt Disney parent". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  9. ^ "Disney to buy most of Euro Disney". BBC. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  10. ^ a b "Walt Disney seeks control of financially-troubled Euro Disney". USA Today. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  11. ^ "Walt Disney Company acquires full control of Disneyland Paris in buyout". Inside the Magic. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  12. ^ Implementation by EDL Holding Company LLC Euro Disney Investments Sas of a Mandatory buy out Following the Completion of Their Tender Offer for Euro Disney Scas Shares
  13. ^ "Walt Disney to invest 2 billion euros in Disneyland Paris". Business Insider. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  14. ^ "Disney plans €2bn expansion at Disneyland Paris". BBC. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  15. ^ "Walt Disney makes 2 billion euros investment in Disneyland Paris". Reuters. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  16. ^ "Disneyland Paris". Navicup. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  17. ^ "El año en que Valencia soñó con la Disney [The year that Valencia dreamed about Disney]". Levante-EMV (in Spanish). 14 June 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  18. ^ "El año en que Disney casi se instala en Pego [The year that Disney almost set up in Pego]". La Marina Plaza (in Spanish). 14 January 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  19. ^ "La Marjal de Pego-Oliva: De casi convertirse en Disneyland a recuperar la variedad histórica del arroz Bombón [The Marjal of Pego to Olive: From nearly becoming Disneyland to regaining the historical variety of Bombón rice]". La Marina Alta (in Spanish). 6 June 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  20. ^ "The Main Agreement of 1987: paving the way for Disneyland Paris". Disneyland Paris News. 30 January 2017. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  21. ^ "COMPANY NEWS; Euro Disney Park". The New York Times. 5 February 1991. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  22. ^ "Outdoor Theatre: A spectacle in Progress". Daily Press. 11 May 2005. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012.
  23. ^ "Today In Disney History ~ August 12th". The Main Street Mouse. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  24. ^ RICHARD CORLISS (20 April 1992). "Voila! Disney Invades Europe. Will the French Resist?". Time. MARNE-LA-VALLEE. Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  25. ^ "Today In Disney History ~ August 12th". The Main Street Mouse. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  26. ^ a b c Anthony, Robert (1993). Euro Disney: The First 100 Days. Harvard Business School. ASIN B0006R2N8Y-1.
  27. ^ "Disneyland, leader d'un secteur qui ne connaît pas la crise". La Tribune. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  28. ^ "Disneyland Paris fête ses 30 ans, les collectivités aussi". La Gazette des Communes. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  29. ^ a b "Comment Disney et l'État ont développé Val-d'Europe en 35 ans de collaboration". Le Parisien. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  30. ^ Saving Euro Disney (YouTube). Offhand Disney. 12 June 2018. Event occurs at 2:50–3:05. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  31. ^ Saving Euro Disney (YouTube). Offhand Disney. 12 June 2018. Event occurs at 3:24–3:34. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  32. ^ a b "Thunderbird Case Studies; 'EuroDisneyland'" (PDF). www.thunderbird.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2006. Retrieved 5 March 2007.
  33. ^ JEFF CHU (18 March 2002). "Happily Ever After?". Time. Marne-La-Vallee. Archived from the original on 16 November 2005. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  34. ^ "Disneyland Paris – Parcs d'attractions et Hôtels pour un séjour Disney". Parckoaland. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  35. ^ a b Solarius. "Disneyland Paris Brief History". Solarius. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  36. ^ "25 Years Ago, All of These Disney Parks Projects Were Cancelled. Here's What Could've Been". 5 May 2017.
  37. ^ Saving Euro Disney (YouTube). Offhand Disney. 12 June 2018. Event occurs at 3:39–3:47. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  38. ^ "FACTBOX:Who's next? Countries at risk of recession". Reuters. 4 March 2009.
  39. ^ "Disneyland Paris (Euro Disney) Frequently Asked Questions – 1996, Andre Willey/Tom Drynda". Faqs.org. Archived from the original on 22 September 2009. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  40. ^ "Euro Disney Adding Alcohol". The New York Times. 12 June 1993. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  41. ^ Khan, Riz (2005). Alwaleed, Businessman Billionaire Prince. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 125–132. ISBN 978-0-06-085030-2.
  42. ^ Saving Euro Disney (YouTube). Offhand Disney. 12 June 2018. Event occurs at 5:50–6:18. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  43. ^ Saving Euro Disney (YouTube). Offhand Disney. 12 June 2018. Event occurs at 7:08–7:16. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  44. ^ "INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS;Euro Disney Reports Profit for '95, but the Future Remains Cloudy". The New York Times. 16 November 1995. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  45. ^ Saving Euro Disney (YouTube). Offhand Disney. 12 June 2018. Event occurs at 7:20–7:26. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  46. ^ "Euro Disney, S.C.A. Reports First Quarter Revenues for Fiscal Year 2005" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. 11 January 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  47. ^ Euro Disney S.C.A. "Reports Annual Results for Fiscal Year 2005" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  48. ^ Euro Disney S.C.A. "Disneyland Resort Paris Partners with the TGV East European Line" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  49. ^ Euro Disney S.C.A. "Disneyland Resort Paris Launches New European Advertising Campaign: "Believe in Your Dreams"" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  50. ^ Euro Disney S.C.A. "Reports Annual Results for Fiscal Year 2007" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  51. ^ Euro Disney S.C.A. "Effective launch of share consolidation" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  52. ^ Disneyland Resort Paris. "Disneyland Resort Paris Celebrates Its 200 millionth Visit" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  53. ^ Euro Disney S.C.A. "Announces Net Profit in Fiscal Year 2008" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  54. ^ Disneyland Paris. "Come and Join Disneyland Paris!: The Search for Recruits continues around the UK" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  55. ^ Disneyland Paris. "European Recruitment Tour: launching the new season at Diseyland Paris" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  56. ^ Disneyland Paris. "Disneyland Paris Launches a Unique "Pop-up" Office Concept for its European Recruitment Drive" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  57. ^ Euro Disney S.C.A. "Reports Fiscal Year 2009 Results" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  58. ^ Euro Disney S.C.A. "Reports Fiscal Year 2010 Results" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  59. ^ Euro Disney S.C.A. "Euro Disney group improves its debt profile with the 1.3 billion refinancing of the group's debt by The Walt Disney Company" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Euro Disney S.C.A. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  60. ^ Inter-Ministerial Delegation for the Euro Disney Project. "Inter-Ministerial Delegation for the Euro Disney Project" (PDF). Disneyland Paris: Corporate. Inter-Ministerial Delegation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  61. ^ Tom Batchelor (14 November 2015). "Paris terror attacks – Disneyland Paris to stay closed on Saturday after terror attacks – World – News – Daily Express". Express.co.uk.
  62. ^ "Euro Disney, 25 ans d'histoire mouvementée". Les Echos. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  63. ^ "Theme Museum Index 2016" (PDF). AECOM. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  64. ^ "NATACHA RAFALSKI APPOINTED TO PRÉSIDENTE OF DISNEYLAND PARIS". Disneyland Paris News. 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  65. ^ "Star Tours: The Adventures Continue Launches as Part of Disneyland Paris' 25th Anniversary". In Park Magazine. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  66. ^ "Spider-Bot : le nouveau jouet Marvel interactif du Avengers Campus !". Dlrp Express. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  67. ^ "Un hôtel Marvel prévu pour 2020 à Disneyland Paris". RTBF. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  68. ^ "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales Premieres". E! News. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  69. ^ "Disney plans €2bn expansion at Disneyland Paris". BBC. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  70. ^ "Disney investit €2 mds dans le développement de Disneyland Paris". Les Echos. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  71. ^ "Disney investit deux milliards d'euros pour agrandir Disneyland Paris". Le Figaro. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  72. ^ "Catherine Powell steps into new Disney role". Park World. 29 March 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  73. ^ Whitten, Sarah (25 September 2019). "Disney names new leadership for Disneyland and Walt Disney World". CNBC. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  74. ^ a b Petter, Olivia (7 February 2019). "Disneyland Paris to Host First-ever LGBT+ Event". The Independent. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  75. ^ Niles, Robert (12 December 2018). "Women promoted to top spots for Disney Parks in Paris and Hong Kong". Theme Park Insider. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  76. ^ Street, Francesca (15 July 2020). "Disneyland Paris reopens with new Covid-19 measures". CNN. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  77. ^ Rhodes, Elizabeth (16 July 2020). "Disneyland Paris Is the Latest Disney Theme Park to Reopen Amid the Coronavirus Pandemic". Travel + Leisure. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  78. ^ Ziady, Hanna (29 October 2020). "Disneyland Paris shuts down again as France enters lockdown". CNN. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  79. ^ "Disneyland Paris to re-open on June 17". Reuters. 17 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  80. ^ "Maintenant que Villages Nature Tourisme est à son tour restructuré, Pierre & Vacances va pouvoir se concentrer pleinement à son retour à une rentabilité durable". Les Echos. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  81. ^ "Pierre et Vacances conclut le rachat de Villages Nature Paris". L'Echo. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  82. ^ "EXCLUSIF. Disneyland Paris : sa présidente dévoile ce qui est prévu pour les 30 ans du parc". Le Journal du dimanche. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  83. ^ "Gironde : le spectacle de la société bordelaise Dronisos pour Disneyland Paris encensé à Londres". Sud Ouest. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  84. ^ "Pour fêter ses 30 ans, Disneyland Paris prépare un spectacle avec 200 drones". L'Usine Nouvelle. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  85. ^ "The WINNERS". Park World Excellence Awards. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  86. ^ "Marvel Avengers Campus : un nouvel univers fantastique au sein du parc Disneyland Paris". ELLE. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  87. ^ "Disneyland Paris inaugure son "Avengers Campus" : "La plus grande transformation du parc depuis son ouverture"". Franceinfo.
  88. ^ "Disney Parks Outpace Competitors, Winning Several Awards". Inside the Magic. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  89. ^ "Disneyland hosts inaugural EDM festival Electroland, plans to return in 2018". We Rave You. 10 July 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  90. ^ "Disneyland Paris announces 4th edition of Electroland in 2020". We Rave You. 13 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  91. ^ a b "VIDEO. Le nouveau spectacle de Disneyland Paris pour faire rêver les familles". La Marne. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  92. ^ "Disneyland Paris Premieres New Interactive Show: Disney Junior Dream Factory at Walt Disney Studios Park". Disneyland Paris. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  93. ^ "Disneyland Paris launches Together: A Pixar Musical Adventure". Travel Weekly. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  94. ^ "" Together " : le nouveau spectacle immersif signé Pixar". ELLE. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  95. ^ "Minecraft fans gather for Minecon in Paris". France Bleu. 26 November 2012.
  96. ^ a b "Tourisme en France : quels sont les cinq sites les plus visités en 2022 ?". La Croix. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  97. ^ a b c "Disneyland Paris au cœur du tourisme français". Le Figaro. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  98. ^ "30 years of the convention: the social and economic benefits of Disneyland Paris". DLP Town Square. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  99. ^ "Disneyland Paris, champion du tourisme français". Le Figaro. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  100. ^ "30 ans de Disneyland Paris : depuis son ouverture, le parc d'attraction a transformé la Seine-et-Marne". France Bleu. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  101. ^ "Disneyland Paris a bouleversé le paysage touristique français". Les Echos. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  102. ^ "Réutiliser les eaux usées, une bonne solution pour économiser l'eau ?". Ouest France. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  103. ^ "Disneyland Paris : la plus grande centrale solaire d'Île-de-France installée sur le parking visiteurs". Le Parisien. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  104. ^ a b "Disneyland Paris : la plus grande centrale solaire d'Île-de-France installée sur le parking visiteurs". Le Parisien. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  105. ^ "Réutiliser les eaux usées, une bonne solution pour économiser l'eau ?". Ouest France. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  106. ^ "Euro Disney a économisé 1,5 million de m3 d'eau grâce à sa station d'épuration". Le Parisien. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  107. ^ "Sécheresse : pourquoi la France est en retard pour la réutilisation des eaux usées". Challenges. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  108. ^ "Comment Disneyland Paris a rendu son parking visiteurs écolo ?". Actu.fr. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  109. ^ "Disneyland Paris : la plus grande centrale solaire d'Île-de-France installée sur le parking visiteurs". Le Parisien. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  110. ^ a b "Disneyland Paris installe 82 000 panneaux solaires sur son parking visiteurs". Actu Énergie. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  111. ^ "Disneyland Paris participe au World Clean Up Day". Disneyland Paris News. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  112. ^ a b "Pièces Jaunes 2022 : 500 enfants et leurs familles profitent d'une journée à Disneyland Paris®". Fondation des Hôpitaux. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  113. ^ "Des enfants marseillais malades accueillis à Disneyland Paris". La Provence. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  114. ^ "Pièces Jaunes : avant de retrouver les Bleus, Didier Deschamps était à Disney avec Brigitte Macron". Le Figaro. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  115. ^ a b "Disneyland Paris Named Europe's Best Family Park at European Star Awards". Daps Magic. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  116. ^ "Disneyland Paris remporte les European Star Awards et est sélectionné quatre fois aux Park World Excellence Awards". DisneylandParis News. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
  117. ^ a b "Europe's Leading Theme Park Resort 2022". World Travel Awards. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  118. ^ a b "Parksmania Awards 2022: i Magnifici 7 d'Europa". Parksmania. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  119. ^ a b "Disneyland Paris récompensé pour l'Excellence de ses Attractions et Expériences". DisneylandParis News. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  120. ^ Molleda, Juan-Carlos; Kochhar, Sarab (30 July 2019). Global and Multicultural Public Relations. John Wiley & Sons. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-118-67396-6.
  121. ^ "Centre d'aide". Disneyland Paris. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  122. ^ Disneyland. "Our Top Five Attractions". Disneyland. Archived from the original on 28 November 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
  123. ^ a b c "Disneyland Paris – the Main Rides and Attractions". The Good Life France. 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
  124. ^ "Walt Disney makes 2 billion euros investment in Disneyland Paris". Reuters. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  125. ^ "Les différents parcs de Disneyland Paris". OutgoMag. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  126. ^ "Disneyland Paris is Europe's top tourist destination". RFI. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  127. ^ "A Disneyland Paris, un imaginaire dilué dans l'univers des héros Marvel". Le Monde. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  128. ^ "Number of visitors to Disneyland Paris theme park in France from 2009 to 2021". Statista. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  129. ^ "Transformative Multi-Year Expansion Announced for Disneyland Paris". Disney Parks Blog. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018.
  130. ^ "A Disneyland Paris, un imaginaire dilué dans l'univers des héros Marvel". Le Monde. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  131. ^ "Captain Marvel launches new Avengers zone in Disneyland Paris". Euronews. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  132. ^ "Ouverture du Marvel Avengers Campus le 20 juillet à Disneyland Paris !". Forbes. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  133. ^ "Trains between London and Disneyland paris from 7 June 2023". Eurostar. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  134. ^ "Eurostar axes direct London to Disneyland Paris trains from 2023 after 27 years". mylondon.news. 26 August 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  135. ^ "Eurostar to suspend direct trains to Disneyland Paris". BBC News. 1 September 2022.
  136. ^ "Theme Index". AECOM. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  137. ^ "Disneyland Park Paris historical attendance data". Queue Times. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
  138. ^ "GLOBAL ATTRACTIONS ATTENDANCE REPORT" (PDF).
  139. ^ "AECOM Theme Index 2023 Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF).
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Disneyland Paris.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Disneyland Resort Paris.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disneyland_Paris&oldid=1257155455"