Draft:Ruicheng (Qing dynasty)
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| Ruicheng | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1863 Qing dynasty |
| Died | 1915 Shanghai, Republic of China |
| Father | Gongqian |
Rui Cheng (1863 – 1915), courtesy name Shenru and pseudonym Xinru, was a member of the Borjigin clan and a member of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner. He was the grandson of Grand Secretary Qishan and the son of Heilongjiang General Gongtong. He was a politician in the late Qing Dynasty and served as the Governor-General of Huguang in his last term.
Biography
[edit]Ruicheng was a playboy when he was young, and together with Lao Ziqiao and Cen Chunxuan, he was known as one of the "Three Evil Young Men in the Capital". Later, he was a Gongsheng student. In the 11th year of Guangxu (1885), he donated money to Bi Tie Shi and entered the Ministry of Punishment to learn walking. Later, he was appointed as the Superintendent of the Penal Punishment Department, Si Bi Tie Shi. In the twelfth year (1886), he paid attention to the Commission of the Machinery Battalion in the form of written notes and was on duty in the Prison Department of the Ministry of Punishment. In the fifteenth year (1889), he was promoted to head of Fengtian Division of the Ministry of Punishment. In the seventeenth year (1891), he also traveled in the Autumn Examination Office and was awarded the fourth rank. In the 19th year (1893), he was promoted to wailang, a member of the Ministry of Justice, and was in charge of the seal and key of the Department of Administration. Twenty years later (1894), he held the seal key of Jiangsu Province. In the 22nd year (1896), Wai Lang, a member of the Ministry of Punishment, was appointed as the in-charge of the Autumn Trial Office, and he was appointed as the co-editor of the Hui Dian Hall. In the twenty-fourth year (1898), he was in charge of the seal key of the Sichuan Division and the general manager of the clearance house gang. Later, he was transferred to the position of Wai Lang, the member of the Treasury Department of the Ministry of Household Affairs. In the twenty-seventh year (1901), Xin Chou agreed to a peace agreement and served as a promotion officer of the General Bureau of Coordinating Inspection for Disaster Relief in Beijing, working in the Infantry Command Yamen. Later, he was released to the outside world and was appointed as Jiunan Road in Raoguang, Jiangxi, and also in charge of the supervision of Jiujiang Pass, with a second rank.
In the twenty-eighth year (1902), he acted as Jiangxi's inspector general and was also in charge of Jiangxi patrol affairs. Ruicheng had a good official reputation in Jiangxi. In the 32nd year (1906), he was transferred to Susongtai Road in Jiangsu and was responsible for negotiating with various countries. During his term of office, he was ordered to ban opium within his jurisdiction and establish a police force. At the end of the 33rd year (1907), he was promoted to Jiangxi Inspector and was immediately transferred to Jiangsu Inspector and Jiangsu Chief Envoy. During his tenure as the Chief Envoy of Jiangsu, he supervised the arrests of Qingxiang in six places including Suzhou, Songjiang, Taicang, Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou. He purchased warships from foreign countries and organized them into an inland navy. He defeated the water thieves entrenched in the Taihu Lake area in one fell swoop and captured the bandit leaders Xia Zhu and Lin Shengwei.
In the first year of Xuantong (1909), due to disagreements with Duan Fang, the then governor of Liangjiang, he complained of illness and begged to resign, and the Qing government comforted him to stay. However, Governor Duanfang cherished his talent and recommended him secretly, and the imperial court promoted him to governor of Jiangsu. During his tenure as governor, he clarified official administration, improved military discipline, and strengthened police administration. During his tenure, he admired and cultivated Dai Jitao. At the same time, he maintained good relations with Zhang Jian and other leaders of the constitutional movement and Zai Ze and other ministers in power, and he became famous. At the end of the year, he acted as governor of Huguang.
In the second year (1910), he arrived in Hubei and was immediately appointed Governor of Huguang and appointed Minister of Salt Affairs. Ruicheng impeached and dismissed patrol officers Feng Qijun and Quanye Road Zou Luhe. Hunan was in trouble due to famine. Wang Xianqian, the squire who had served as the Imperial Academy's minister of wine, Ye Dehui, Yang Gong, and alternate Taoist priest Kong Xianjiao were impeached. They took advantage of the famine to buy grain, hoarded it, made huge profits, and obstructed the New Deal. The imperial court severely punished them respectively. Since then, his prestige has increased. In October, he and Xiliang jointly signed a call to the governors of the eighteen provinces to call the Military Aircraft Department, requesting that Congress be convened as soon as possible and a responsible cabinet be established. At that time, the imperial court was preparing to establish a constitution. Ruicheng Xifeng pointed out that all matters such as setting up police, establishing schools, setting up advisory bureaus, and establishing review and inspection agencies were all under control. Celebrities such as Zhang Jian have been married to each other for generations, and the clan's Zai Zefang is engaged in affairs, and they are also his in-laws, and their reputation is higher than that of Nanyang ministers and Beiyang ministers.
In three years (1911), Ruicheng proposed the construction of the Sichuan-Hankou Railway in order to compete with Duan Fang, who was transferred to the governor of Sichuan, and was appointed as the general office. As the road protection movement in Sichuan rose, Ruicheng adopted the advice of Zhang Biao, the commander of the Eighth Town of the New Army, and dispatched Hubei troops to the Sichuan-Hubei border to prepare for the invasion of Sichuan. On August 19 (October 9), patrols in the Russian Concession in Hankou uncovered the secret stronghold of the revolutionaries in Wuhan and seized a roster of party members with many names of military personnel. Russia handed over the information to the Qing government. Hubei Chief Secretary Chen Shuping suggested destroying the roster to reassure the public, but Zhang Meisheng, the governor's master, urged Ruicheng to arrest them by name. Ruicheng listened to Zhang's advice and captured 32 people, killing Peng Chufan, Liu Fuji, and Yang Hongsheng. As a result, the morale of the army was in turmoil, and the Wuchang Uprising broke out the next day. Ruicheng abandoned the city and fled. The Qing government dismissed him from his post, but still ordered him to have the power to photograph the governor-general in order to avenge his crime and meritorious service. The imperial court ordered Minister of War Yinchang to supervise the expedition. Sa Zhenbing led the warships and Cheng Yunhe led the navy to assist. However, Ruicheng had already fled from Hankou via Wuhu and Jiujiang to Shanghai on the Chuyu warship. Soon after hearing that the Qing government wanted to punish him, he fled to Japan again.
In 1912, the Republic of China was established and after the Qing emperor abdicated, Ruicheng returned to Shanghai and lived in Shanghai for four years. He died of illness in 1915.
Sources
[edit]- *《清史稿.卷471》