Draft:Pahari-Pothwari Grammar
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The grammar of the Pahari-Pothwari language has a complex verbal system and unique phonology with rich consonants and many vowels.
Pahari-Pothwari Phonology
[edit]Pahari-Pothwari has many consonants and many vowels these are akin to those of the punjabi language similar to other varieties of what is called lehnda.
| bi-labial | labio-dental | dental | alveolar | retroflex | palatal | velar | uvular | glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plosive | voiceless | /p/ | /t̪/ | /k/ | /q/ | |||||
| aspirated | /t̪ʰ/ | /kʰ/ | ||||||||
| voiced | /b/ | /d̪/ | /g/ | |||||||
| tonal | /t̪ə̀/ | /kə̀/ | ||||||||
| nasal | plain | /m/ | /n/ | /ɳ/ | /mʰ/ | /ŋ/ | ||||
| aspirated | /mʰ/ | /nʰ/ | ||||||||
| tap | plain | /ɾ/ | /ɽ/ | |||||||
| aspirated | /ɾʰ/ | /ɽʰ/ | ||||||||
| fricative | voiceless | /f/ | /s/ | /x/ | ||||||
| voiced | /z/ | |||||||||
| lateral-approximant | plain | /l/ | ||||||||
| aspirated | ||||||||||
| approximant | /ʋ/ | /j/ | ||||||||
Pahari-Pothwari Pronouns
[edit]The pronouns include;
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | mẽ | as | |
| 2nd person | tū̃ | tus | |
| 3rd person | near | eh | |
| remote | oh | ||
although the 1st and 2nd person Plural Pronoun exists the Oblique case pronouns are preferred.
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | mẽ | asā̃ | |
| 2nd person | tū̃ | tusā̃ | |
| 3rd person | near | is | innā̃ |
| remote | us | unnā̃ | |
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | mikī | assā̃-kī | |
| 2nd person | tukī | tusā̃-kī | |
| 3rd person | near | is-kī | innā̃-kī |
| remote | us-kī | unnā̃-kī | |
Pahari-Pothwari Numerals
[edit]| english | pahari | |
|---|---|---|
| roman | shahmukhi | |
| 1 | ikk | |
| 2 | do | |
| 3 | trē | |
| 4 | chār | |
| 5 | panj | |