Draft:IOS somente na UE
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| Developer(s) | Apple Inc. |
|---|---|
| Operating system | iOS |
| Platform | iPhone, iPad |
The Digital Markets Act (DMA) is a piece of legislation of the European Union that came into force in 2024. The main goal of the DMA is to regulate large tech platforms, known as "gatekeepers," that exercise substantial control over access to digital services. Among the measures introduced by the law, Apple Inc. is required to allow the use of alternative app stores and downloads outside of the App Store for devices operating the iOS system within the European Union.
Background
[edit]Before the DMA was enforced, Apple had exclusive control over app downloads on iOS devices, allowing installation only through the App Store, and charging commissions of 15% to 30% on transactions. The European Commission found this practice to be anticompetitive, which led to Apple being classified as a "gatekeeper" under the DMA "Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 - Digital Markets Act". EUR-Lex. 2022..
Apple, alongside other companies like Google, Meta, and Amazon, was identified as a dominant platform subject to regulation under this new legislation "EU sets out Digital Markets Act rules for Apple, Google and others". Reuters. 2023..
Changes imposed on Apple
[edit]With the implementation of the DMA, Apple was forced to make significant changes to how it distributes apps on iOS devices in the EU. Key changes include:
- **Permission for third-party stores**: From 2024, iPhone and iPad users can install apps from alternative stores like the Epic Games Store and AltStore "Apple Prepares to Allow Sideloading on iPhones in Europe". MacRumors. 2023..
- **Sideloading**: Users can download and install apps directly from websites, bypassing the App Store.
- **Lower commissions for developers**: Developers can bypass Apple’s 30% commission on the App Store by distributing their apps via other stores or sideloading "EU's Digital Markets Act forces Apple to allow sideloading on iPhones". The Verge. 2023..
Impact on the iOS ecosystem
[edit]These changes had a significant impact on both consumers and developers in the European Union.
- Consumers
For consumers, the primary benefit was increased freedom of choice. They can now opt to download apps from other sources, potentially avoiding App Store fees and restrictions. The opening of new app stores and the ability to sideload apps also brought more options to the table "EU app store rules free iPhone users to choose their apps". Bloomberg. 2024..
- Developers
For developers, the ability to bypass Apple’s commissions meant more control over app distribution and greater visibility for independent developers "Digital Markets Act frees iOS developers from Apple tax". Wired. 2024..
Return of Fortnite and the launch of Fall Guys Mobile
[edit]The new regulations enabled the return of the popular game Fortnite to the iOS platform in the EU. In 2020, Epic Games was banned from the App Store for violating Apple’s in-app payment rules. Under the DMA, iOS users in the EU can now download Fortnite directly from the Epic Games Store or other alternative sources "Fortnite banned from Apple App Store". BBC. 2020..
Additionally, the game Fall Guys was launched on iOS as Fall Guys Mobile, allowing users to download the game from third-party stores like the Epic Games Store "Fall Guys arrives on iOS in Europe after Digital Markets Act". Polygon. 2024..
Strengthening of alternative stores
[edit]With the DMA in force, alternative stores like AltStore have seen increased usage. AltStore offers apps not allowed on Apple’s official App Store. The European regulation allowed AltStore to operate legally within the EU "AltStore sees surge in European downloads post-DMA". 9to5Mac. 2023..
Affected regions
[edit]The DMA applies only to EU member states, including:
In regions outside the European Union, such as the United Kingdom and the United States, the DMA does not apply, but similar regulations may be adopted in the future "How EU's Digital Markets Act could influence global digital regulations". Bloomberg. 2024..
See also
[edit]References
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