Draft:Abdullah ibn Musa
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Abdullah bin Musa bin Nusayr bin Abdul Rahman bin Zaid from Banu Lakhm, is the son of Musa ibn Nusayr and the de facto governor of Kairouan in the period of Islamic conquest of iberia
Abdullah ibn Musa ibn Nusayr | |
|---|---|
| Governor of Ifriqiya | |
| In office 712–715 | |
| Preceded by | Musa ibn Nusayr |
| Succeeded by | Muhammad bin Yazid |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 720 |
| Parent | Musa ibn Nusayr |
Biography
[edit]Abdullah grew up, was raised and matured in the arms of his father, Musa, who was a leader and governor, in circumstances suitable for completing his personality, through knowledge, training and direct contact with leaders, governors, scholars and people of experience.
Theoretical education to absorb the available sciences prevalent at the time was easy, not only for the sons of leaders, governors and the wealthy, but also for the sons of people from different classes. Abdullah grew up learning the Qur’an and its sciences, the Prophetic Hadith and its sciences, history, biographies and the days of the Arabs in the pre-Islamic and Islamic eras. He mastered the sciences of Arabic grammar, syntax, rhetoric, eloquence, poetry and prose, and memorized examples of the sayings of orators, orators and poets. He did not neglect arithmetic, geometry and the calendar of countries. Abdullah learned theoretical military sciences: setting up camps, organizing the camp, choosing encampment areas, the conditions of a good camp, the arts of mobilization such as taking out the vanguards, rearguards and flanks, various methods of protection, making use of the land, planting usury and ambushes, dealing with unexpected problems and solving dilemmas, and securing moral and administrative issues. All of these sciences were taught by experienced leaders who had a long history in jihad..[1]
Abdullah also trained in practical military arts: horse riding, archery, accurate aiming, sword fighting, spear stabbing, swimming, and enduring military hardships: walking long distances on foot over successive days and in harsh conditions in summer and winter, being deprived of food and drink for a period of time, getting used to eating rough food and hard water, and staying away from soft food and palatable drink for the duration of training. This is what we call in modern military terminology: violent training. [1]
Conquest of Mallorca and Menorca
[edit]After Musa bin Nusayr had completed the conquest of Central Maghreb, completed the conquest of the rest of the Maghreb, and conquered Tangier, the Moroccan coasts facing some of the islands of the Mediterranean and Andalusia became exposed to attacks by the Romans, with the aim of restoring those rich areas to their control, and by the Visigoths who ruled Andalusia with the aim of keeping the Muslims away from their country and protecting it from the expected Muslim invasion. Among the islands in the sea that the Romans and Visigoths took as advanced bases for them were the islands of Mallorca and Menorca, which are two islands in the Mediterranean Sea, between Sicily and the iberian peninsula [2][3][4][5]. In the year 707, Musa bin Nusayr prepared his son Abdullah, who conquered these two islands (2), took countless amounts of booty from them, and returned safely [2][6][7]
Governorate of Afriqiyah
[edit]Musa bin Nusayr prepared his son Abdullah to be his successor in Ifriqiya and Maghrib, so he directed him from the beginning to the conquests of Ifriqiya and Morocco, and to the conquests of the islands that protect the coasts of Ifriqiya and Morocco, and he did not join him with the conquests of Iberian peninsula, so that he would remain devoted to his original duty: the governorship of Ifriqiya and Morocco, which was the main governorship to which Andalus was subject, since the governor of Ifriqiya and Morocco was the one who appointed the governor of Andalus.
Isolation from the Governorship
[edit]Abdullah did not have to wait long, as Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan dismissed him from Ifriqiya and the Maghreb, and appointed Muhammad ibn Yazid, a Mawla of Quraysh, in his place. Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik said to Raja ibn Haywah: “I want a man who has merit in himself, so I will appoint him over Ifriqiya.” He said: “Yes.” He Left for a few days, then said: “I have found a man who has merit.” He asked: “Who is he?” He said: “Muhammad ibn Yazid, a Mawla of Quraysh.” He said: “Bring him in to me!” So he brought him in to him. Sulayman said: “O Muhammad ibn Yazid! Fear God alone, with no partner, and carry out what I have appointed you to do with truth and justice! I have appointed you over Ifriqiya and all of the Maghreb.” Muhammad ibn Yazid bid farewell to Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik and left, saying: “I have no excuse before God if I do not act justly.” In the year 715, Muhammad ibn Yazid settled in Ifriqiya with the best and most just conduct.[8]
- ^ a b Leaders of the Conquest of Andalusia, Part 2. p. 67.
- ^ a b Ibn Taghribirdi. Al nujum Al zahira (shining stars). pp. (1/ 216).
- ^ Anzaru Al ibar. pp. (1/ 104).
- ^ Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali. Shuzrat Al dhahab (gold nuggets). pp. (1/ 98).
- ^ Ibn Kathir. Al bidayah wa Al nihayah (the beggining and the end). pp. (9/ 77).
- ^ Khalifah, ibn Khayyat. History of Khalifah ibn Khayyat. pp. (1/ 305).
- ^ Ibn al-Athir. The Complete History. pp. (4/ 540).
- ^ Ibn 'Idhari. Al-Bayan al-Mughrib. pp. (1/ 47).