Min Dikkha

Min Dikkha
မင်းတိက္ခာ
Min Dikkha ; မင်းတိက္ခာ ;
	Koe-thaung Temple built by King Dikkha
King of Arakan
Reign	11 January 1554 – 6 March 1556
Predecessor	Min Bin
Successor	Saw Hla
Born	1515 ; Sunday, 877 ME; Mrauk U
Died	6 March 1556 (aged 40) ; Friday, 10th waning of Tabaung 917 ME; Mrauk U
Consort	Saw Thanda ; Saw Mi Latt
Issue	14 sons and 8 daughters including Min Saw Hla and Min Sekkya
House	Min Bin
Father	Min Bin
Mother	Saw Kauk Ma
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

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Min Dikkha (Burmese: မင်းတိက္ခာ, Burmese pronunciation: [mɪ́ɴ deiʔ kʰà]; 1515–1556, also known as Bahadur Shah, in the Arakanese language as Mong Tikkha) was ruler of the Kingdom of Mrauk U from 1554 to 1556. He was the heir-apparent of the kingdom for 22 years during the reign of his father, King Min Bin. Dikkha was an able military commander who led the Arakanese navy in Min Bin's conquest of Bengal in 1532–1533.^[4] He led the Royal Arakanese Navy in the Taungoo–Ava War (1538–45),^{[note 2]} and in the Taungoo–Mrauk-U War (1545–47).^[5]

During his short reign, Islam Shah Suri of the brief but influential Sur Empire died, creating a power vacuum leading to the re-emergence of the Bengal Sultanate. Based on coinage issued by the new Bengal Sultan Muhammad Khan Sur, some historians believe that Bengal pushed its influence into Arakan, far beyond the usual contestation over Chittagong. The extent of this is contested since the coinage uses the term "Rakanj" rather than "Mrauk U", which could either be an early use of the later word "Arakan" or an atypical coin issued for the Chittagong province and no the capital at Mrauk U.^[6] He built the Koe-thaung Temple, the largest of all temples in Mrauk U during his short reign.^[1] He died from a kidney disease.^[7]

Notes

^ The Rakhine Razawin Thit chronicle (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 46) says he died on Friday, 10th waning of Tabaung 918 ME, which translates to Tuesday, 23 February 1557. The year 918 ME is a typo; it should be 917 ME for the following reasons: (1) The chronicle on the next page (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 47) says his successor Min Saw Hla died on Monday, Full moon of Wagaung 926 ME (Monday, 24 July 1564) after having reigned for about 8 and a half years, meaning Min Saw Hla came to power in 1556, not 1557; (2) 10th waning of Tabaung 917 ME (6 March 1556) was a Friday as reported.
^ The Burmese chronicle Hmannan Yazawin (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 207) identifies the admiral as "upayaza". Typically, Upayaza means the crown prince, who would have been Dikkha. Note however that Min Bin had a son by concubine Saw Nandi named Upayaza per (Sandamala Linkara 1999: 34). Still, "Upayza" in the standard chronicles means crown prince, not as a proper name. In fact, Hmannan (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 227) explicitly refers to the Mrauk-U crown prince as "Upayaza the son of the king (Min Bin)".

References

^ ^a ^b Gutman 2001: 106–107
^ Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 46
^ Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 34
^ Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 38
^ Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 42
^ Chowdhury 2004: 88-90
^ Aye Chan 2017: 81

Bibliography

Gutman, Pamela (2001). Burma's Lost Kingdoms: Splendours of Arakan. Bangkok: Orchid Press. ISBN 974-8304-98-1.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1931). Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan (in Burmese). Vol. 1–2 (1997–1999 ed.). Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay.
Aye Chan (2017). ရခိုင်သမိုင်းမိတ်ဆက် [Introduction to Rakhine History]. Yangon: Shwe Thazin Publishing House.
Chowdhury, Mohammaed Ali (2004). Bengal-Arakan Relations. Kolkata: Firma KLM Private Limited. ISBN 81-7102-118-2.

Regnal titles
Min Dikkha Kingdom of Mrauk U Born: 1515 Died: 6 March 1556
Preceded by Min Bin	King of Mrauk-U 11 January 1554 – 6 March 1556	Succeeded by Saw Hla

[2] The Rakhine Razawin Thit chronicle (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 46) says he died on Friday, 10th waning of Tabaung 918 ME, which translates to Tuesday, 23 February 1557. The year 918 ME is a typo; it should be 917 ME for the following reasons: (1) The chronicle on the next page (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 47) says his successor Min Saw Hla died on Monday, Full moon of Wagaung 926 ME (Monday, 24 July 1564) after having reigned for about 8 and a half years, meaning Min Saw Hla came to power in 1556, not 1557; (2) 10th waning of Tabaung 917 ME (6 March 1556) was a Friday as reported.

[6] The Burmese chronicle Hmannan Yazawin (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 207) identifies the admiral as "upayaza". Typically, Upayaza means the crown prince, who would have been Dikkha. Note however that Min Bin had a son by concubine Saw Nandi named Upayaza per (Sandamala Linkara 1999: 34). Still, "Upayza" in the standard chronicles means crown prince, not as a proper name. In fact, Hmannan (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 227) explicitly refers to the Mrauk-U crown prince as "Upayaza the son of the king (Min Bin)".

[pg-106-107-1] Gutman 2001: 106–107

[sml-2-46-3] Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 46

[sml-2-34-4] Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 34

[sml-2-38-5] Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 38

[sml-2-42-7] Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1999: 42

[8] Chowdhury 2004: 88-90

[9] Aye Chan 2017: 81

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[note 2]

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v t e Burmese monarchs
Pagan dynasty 849–1297	Pyinbya Tannet Sale Theinhko Nyaung-u Sawrahan Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu Kyiso Sokkate Anawrahta Saw Lu Kyansittha Sithu I Narathu Naratheinkha Sithu II Htilominlo Naratheinga Uzana¹ Kyaswa Uzana Narathihapate Kyawswa²
Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364	Athinkhaya¹, Yazathingyan¹ and Thihathu¹ Thihathu Uzana I Sithu¹ Kyawswa I Kyawswa II Narathu Uzana II
Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1364	Saw Yun Tarabya I Anawrahta I Kyaswa Anawrahta II Tarabya II Minbyauk Thihapate
Kingdom of Ava 1364–1555	Thado Minbya Swa Saw Ke Tarabya Minkhaung I Thihathu Min Hla Kale Kye-Taung Nyo Mohnyin Thado Minye Kyawswa I Narapati I Thihathura Minkhaung II and Thihathura II Narapati II Sawlon³ and Thohanbwa³ Hkonmaing³ Narapati III³ Narapati IV³
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552	Wareru Hkun Law Saw O Saw Zein Zein Pun Saw E Binnya E Law Binnya U Maha Dewi¹ Razadarit Binnya Dhammaraza Binnya Ran I Binnya Waru Binnya Kyan Leik Munhtaw Shin Sawbu Dhammazedi Binnya Ran II Takayutpi Smim Sawhtut⁴ Smim Htaw⁴
Mrauk U Kingdom 1429–1785	Saw Mon Khayi Ba Saw Phyu Dawlya Ba Saw Nyo Ran Aung Salingathu Raza Gazapati Saw O Thazata Minkhaung Min Bin Dikkha Saw Hla Sekkya Phalaung Razagyi Khamaung Thiri Thudhamma Sanay Narapati Thado Sanda Thudhamma Thiri Thuriya Wara Dhammaraza Muni Thudhammaraza Sanda Thuriya I Nawrahta Mayuppiya Kalamandat Naradipati Sanda Wimala I Sanda Thuriya II Sanda Wizaya Sanda Thuriya III Naradipati II Narapawara Sanda Wizala Madarit Nara Apaya Thirithu Sanda Parama Apaya Sanda Thumana Sanda Wimala II Sanda Thaditha Maha Thammada
Prome Kingdom 1482–1542	Thado Minsaw Bayin Htwe Narapati⁵ Minkhaung⁵
Toungoo dynasty 1510–1752	Mingyi Nyo Tabinshwehti Bayinnaung Nanda Nyaungyan Anaukpetlun Minye Deibba Thalun Pindale Pye Narawara Minye Kyawhtin Sanay Min Taninganway Min Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1740–1757	Smim Htaw Buddhaketi Binnya Dala
Konbaung dynasty 1752–1885	Alaungpaya Naungdawgyi Hsinbyushin Singu Phaungka Bodawpaya Bagyidaw Tharrawaddy Pagan Mindon Thibaw
¹ Regent or Co-Regent ² Mongol vassal (1297) ³ Confederation of Shan States (1527–55) ⁴ Brief revival (1550–52) ⁵ Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)