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Toyota Prius V

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Toyota Prius v
Overview
ManufacturerToyota
Model codeXW40
Also called
  • Toyota Prius α (Asia)
  • Toyota Prius+ (Europe and Singapore)
  • Toyota Grand Prius+ (Benelux)
  • Daihatsu Mebius (Japan, 2013–2021)
ProductionMay 2011 – March 2021[1][2]
Model years
  • 2012–2017 (US)
  • 2012-2018 (Canada)
AssemblyJapan: Toyota, Aichi (Takaoka plant)[3]
Designer
  • Kousuke Kubo
  • Mineo Imaiida
  • Masanori Kinoshita (2009)[4]
Body and chassis
ClassCompact MPV
Body style5-door wagon
LayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-drive
PlatformToyota New MC platform
RelatedToyota Prius (XW30)
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission1-speed planetary gear
Battery
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,780 mm (109.4 in)
Length4,615 mm (181.7 in)
Width1,775 mm (69.9 in)
Height1,575–1,600 mm (62.0–63.0 in)
Curb weight1,450–1,470 kg (3,196.7–3,240.8 lb)

The Toyota Prius v (for versatile[7]), also named Prius α (pronounced as Alpha) in Japan, and Prius+ in Europe and Singapore, is a hybrid gasoline-electric automobile produced by Toyota introduced in Japan in May 2011, in the U.S. in October 2011, and released in Europe in June 2012.[8][9] The Prius v was unveiled at the January 2011 North American International Auto Show alongside the Prius c Concept, and it is the first Prius variant to be spun off from the Prius platform.[10][11] According to Toyota the "v" stands for "versatility".[12][13] It is a compact MPV with a standard full hybrid drivetrain.

The Prius α was offered in the Japanese market with both nickel–metal hydride battery and lithium-ion battery.[8] The Prius v in the U.S. was offered only with a nickel–metal hydride battery.[14][15] As of April 2016, global sales totaled about 634,000 units, led by Japan with 428,400 units sold, representing 67.6% of global sales.[16]

Specifications

[edit]
Comparison with 2010 Prius

The Prius v design resembles compact based minivans prevalent in Europe and has a drag coefficient of Cd=0.29 with a shape that evolved from the Prius. The exterior styling is rounded with an extended roofline that allows the vehicle to retain the triangular silhouette symbolic of Prius. Other differences are the trapezoidal-shaped front with sharp-edged headlamps and wind-slipping aero corners for improved aerodynamics, as well as an enlarged under grille. The rear styling has a specially designed roof spoiler that improves air flow.[5]

The interior cargo space is more than 50% larger than the 2010 Toyota Prius, 5 inches (130 mm) longer and 1 inch (25 mm) wider, providing 34.3 cubic feet (970 L) of cargo space behind the rear seats; it also offers 38 inches (970 mm) of rear leg room, and more head height.[10][17]

The Toyota Prius v includes many of the same standard features of the 2010 Prius, with four driving modes: Normal, Power, Eco and EV; smart key with push button start, an electronic shift lever, Hill Start Assist Control (HAC), and a back-up camera. Available options include energy-efficient LED headlamps, dynamic radar cruise control with a Pre-Collision System (PCS), and advanced parking guidance system.[5] The Prius v has several technical advancements including Toyota's new Toyota Entune Multimedia System and a panoramic sunroof made of lightweight resin, 40% lighter than a glass roof of the same size.[17][18] Entune premiered on the 2012 Toyota Prius v.[19]

Powertrain

[edit]
Side by side comparison of Toyota Prius Liftback (left) and Prius v (right)

The Prius v powertrain uses the same 1.8 liter Atkinson cycle gasoline inline-four engine used in the conventional Prius, a 60 kW traction motor, and shares the Prius's Hybrid Synergy Drive system and the same 201 volt nickel-metal hydride battery pack.[10][17][20]

Toyota introduced some refinements unique to the Prius v powertrain. These refinements include a new "Pitch and Bounce" motor control that the Prius v automatically employs on undulating roads and the refined control was designed to improve ride comfort and control. Because the Prius v is a larger vehicle with greater load capacity, suspension components were redesigned to improve handling and ride quality. "Pitch and Bounce" control works with the vehicle's suspension to cancel longitudinal oscillation when the Prius v is driven over uneven surfaces.[20]

The Prius v also includes a redesigned engine coolant heating structure surrounding the vehicle's catalytic converter and the exhaust heat recirculation system has been refined to reduce engine warm-up time and improve occupant heater response time in cold weather. A switch valve electronically controls coolant recirculation through the exhaust heat recirculation system.[20]

Safety

[edit]

In the United States the 2012 model year Prius v includes Toyota's Vehicle Proximity Notification System (VPNS), which is designed to alert pedestrians, the blind, and others of the vehicle's presence due to significant noise reduction typical of a hybrid vehicle traveling at low speeds in EV mode. This type of warning device is mandated in the United States by the Pedestrian Safety Enhancement Act of 2010. The warning sound is generated by externally mounted speakers and it activates automatically only at speeds below about 15 mph (24 km/h). The pitch varies with the vehicle's speed to give pedestrians a sense of whether the approaching Prius is accelerating or decelerating.[21] Reception for this feature of the car had been mixed, with the website Green Car Reports thinking it sounded like a "Deranged Spaceship".[22]

Fuel economy and emissions

[edit]

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rated the Prius v fuel economy at 44 miles per US gallon (5.3 L/100 km; 53 mpg‑imp) for city driving and 40 miles per US gallon (5.9 L/100 km; 48 mpg‑imp) for highway, and a combined rating of 42 miles per US gallon (5.6 L/100 km; 50 mpg‑imp).[23] According to Toyota, the Prius v produces 66% less smog-forming emissions than the average new vehicle.[5]

Under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test, the base model has a fuel consumption of 4.1 L/100 km (69 mpg‑imp; 57 mpg‑US) in combined cycle and 3.8 L/100 km (74 mpg‑imp; 62 mpg‑US) in city driving. Its CO2 emissions are estimated at 96 g/km. The top-of-the-line model has a fuel consumption of 4.4 L/100 km (64 mpg‑imp; 53 mpg‑US) and CO2 emissions of 101 g/km.[24][25]

Markets and price

[edit]
Interior

Toyota launched the second member of the Prius family with three regional versions of the vehicle: the Prius v in the North American market, the Prius α in Japan, and the Prius+ in Europe and Singapore. The Alpha is the basis for the five-seat launched in North America, and the seven-seat released in Europe.[8][20] A total of 186,989 Prius α/v/+ were sold worldwide in 2012, its first full year in the market.[26] Global sales up to April 2016 totaled 634,000 units. Japan is the main market with 428,400 units sold, representing 67.6% of global sales.[16] The United States ranks second with 148,079 units (23.4%),[27][28][29][30][31] followed by Europe with 38,200 (6.0%),[16] Canada with 12,670 (2.0%),[32] and the rest of the world with 6,600 (1.0%).[16]

The following table presents retail sales since deliveries of the Prius α began in May 2011 for the top selling national markets by year through April 2016.

Toyota Prius v/α/+ sales by top national markets between 2011 and April 2016
Country Total 2016
CYTD(1)		 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
 Japan[16][33] 428,400 10,000 52,115 76,515 104,012 129,848 55,201
 United States[27][28][29][30][31] 148,079 4,970 28,290 30,762 34,989 40,669 8,399
 European Union[16][33] 38,200 2,000 7,474 6,549 10,737 10,987 0
 Canada[32] 12,670 611 2,497 2,292 2,640 4,077 553
Rest of the world[16][33] 6,600 590 1,537 1,529 1,454 1,408 43
Global sales[33] 634,000 19,200 91,913 117,647 153,832 186,989 64,299
Notes: (1) CYTD: Sales through April 2016.

Japan

[edit]

On May 13, 2011, Toyota introduced the Prius α in Japan with a sales target of 3,000 units per month.[8][20] The Prius Alpha is available in a five-seat, two-row model and a seven-seat, three-row model, the latter's third row enabled by a space-saving lithium-ion drive battery in the center console. The five-seat model uses a NiMH battery pack. Deliveries of the Alpha were delayed due to the effects of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami on production. Toyota announced it had received 25,000 orders for the Prius Alpha hybrid wagon and minivan models in Japan before the start of sales.[8][34] Since its introduction, a total of 111,500 Prius α have been sold in Japan through April 2012, representing 80.8% of the Prius α/v model line's global sales.[35] Since May 2011 a total of 289,000 Prius α have been sold through December 2013.[36] On April 8, 2013, Daihatsu started selling its OEM version of the Prius α for the Japanese market under the Daihatsu Mebius (Japanese: ダイハツ・メビウス, Hepburn: Daihatsu Mebiusu) name.[37] The Mebius was discontinued in February 2021.

On December 1, 2020, Toyota announced that the Prius α would be discontinued from March 2021.[1][2]

  • Toyota Prius α S Touring Selection GR Sport
    Toyota Prius α S Touring Selection GR Sport
  • Toyota Prius α S Touring Selection GR Sport
    Toyota Prius α S Touring Selection GR Sport
  • Daihatsu Mebius
    Daihatsu Mebius

Australia

[edit]
Prius V (Australia)

The Prius v was launched in Australia in May 2012.[38] The 7-seat version with lithium-ion battery was the only model and was available two specifications; base and i-Tech. Standard features included a 6.1-inch display-screen audio system, automatic air-conditioning, 16-inch alloy wheels, energy monitor, head-up display, keyless entry and ignition, daytime-sensing headlamps, fog lamps, cruise control, daytime running lamps, and a reversing camera. However the i-Tech included features such as leather, LED headlamps, Radar Dynamic Cruise Control, Pre-Collision Safety System, Panoramic roof and Satellite navigation. According to ADR81/02 the Prius v returns fuel economy of 4.4 L/100 km (64 mpg‑imp; 53 mpg‑US) and CO2 emissions of 101 g/km.[38]

Sales in 2014 totaled 722 units, ahead of the third-generation Prius hatch (487).[39] As of April 2016, cumulative sales since introduction totaled 3,430 units.[40]

Canada

[edit]

Sales of the Canadian Prius v began in October 2011.[41] The Prius v sold 553 units during 2011, 4,077 in 2012, and fell to 2,640 in 2013, and to 1,442 in 2014. Sales climbed to 2,497 units in 2015. Cumulative sales through April 2016 reached 12,670 units.[32]

Europe

[edit]

The European version is named Prius+ and was launched in June 2012.[8][9] The European is offered with a lithium-ion battery, with three rows of seats with accommodations for seven passengers.[8][42] Cumulative sales in the region totaled 38,200 units through April 2016.[16]

Toyota Prius+ Excel (UK; facelift)
France

Three trims are offered in the country, Active, Dynamic and Lounge.[24]

Spain

The Prius+ was released in June 2012.[25][43]

United Kingdom

Deliveries of the Prius+ began in July 2012. The hybrid MPV is offered in two trims: the base T4 that delivers 68.9 mpg‑imp (4.10 L/100 km; 57.4 mpg‑US) on a combined cycle and carbon dioxide emissions of 96 g/km, and the T Spirit with a fuel economy of 64.2 mpg‑imp (4.40 L/100 km; 53.5 mpg‑US) and carbon dioxide emissions of 101 g/km. Due to its emissions being lower than 100 g/km, the T4 version is exempted from road tax. Cars appropriately enrolled in an incentive scheme, on or before 27 June 2013, will also enjoy exemption from the London congestion charge until 24 June 2016, provided the registered keeper of the vehicle remains unchanged.[44][45]

Hong Kong

[edit]

The lithium-ion battery, seven seater version of Prius v was launched in Hong Kong SAR in April 2012. Two variants are available, in Luxury and Super luxury trims. The latter adds a twin moonroof and leather seats.[46]

Singapore

[edit]

It was named as the Prius+ and was sold by local distributor Borneo Motors as a mid-sized MPV from 2018. It replaced the Toyota Wish, which was discontinued in Japan and Singapore in 2017. The sales tagline was "More Than You Wished For." Only one variant was available.[citation needed]

United States

[edit]
Badges for the Prius v (top) and Prius α (bottom)

Toyota began sales of the Prius v in the U.S. in October 2011[14] with a nickel-metal hydride battery pack similar to the 2010 model year Prius, and with two rows of seats to accommodate five passengers. The European and Japanese versions are offered with a lithium-ion battery, with three rows of seats with accommodations for seven passengers.[8][42] Toyota's sales target is about 15 to 20% of conventional Prius sales in the United States, which represents around 30,000 units a year. With the Prius v, Toyota wanted to expand its customer base to include young families with children looking for a hybrid more spacious than the Prius.[47] A total of 8,399 Prius v's were sold during 2011, climbed to 40,669 units in 2012, and fell to 34,989 in 2013, and to 30,762 in 2014.[27][28][29] Sales continued to decline in 2015 to 28,290 units, down 8% from 2014.[30] As of April 2016, cumulative sales totaled 148,079 units.[27][28][29][30][31]

The Prius v in the U.S. was offered in three configurations: the base Prius v Two, the mid-range Prius v Three, and the premium-level Prius v Five.[15][14] The Prius v Three adds standard display audio with navigation and the Toyota Entune multimedia system. In addition to standard features on the Prius v Two and Three, the Prius v Five adds standard SofTex-trimmed seats, heated front seats, three-door smart key, 17-inch alloy wheels, LED headlamps, and fog lamps. All trims come with a Bluetooth wireless connection for compatible hands-free phone calls and a USB port that allows playing of music and video from portable audio devices, and includes full iPod integration.[14][15]

U.S. sales of the Prius v were discontinued at the end of the 2017 model year as sales had fallen considerably since the 2016 launch of the Toyota RAV4 Hybrid.[48]

  • 2012 Prius v
    2012 Prius v
  • Rear view
    Rear view
  • 2017 Prius v
    2017 Prius v
  • Rear view
    Rear view

Recognition

[edit]

The 2012 Prius v was selected among the five finalists for the 2012 Green Car of the Year to be awarded by the Green Car Journal in November 2011 at the Los Angeles Auto Show.[49] The Prius Alpha was also shortlisted for 2012 Car of The Year Japan.[50] Shared with the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, the Prius v was awarded Green Car Report's Best Car to Buy 2012.[51]

Replacement

[edit]

The Prius V was discontinued in the United States after the 2017 model year, with the XA40 RAV4 Hybrid indirectly taking its place.[52] Japanese production was discontinued in March 2021.[2] In Australia and New Zealand, it was indirectly replaced by the larger XU70 Kluger Hybrid in July 2021.[53] The Prius+ was withdrawn from the European market without being directly replaced,[54] although there are alternatives such as the XA50 RAV4 Hybrid and E210 Corolla Touring Sports Hybrid in the line-up.[55]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "トヨタ、「プリウスα」「プレミオ」など5車種を生産終了" [Toyota discontinues production of 5 models including "Prius α" and "Premio"]. IT Media (in Japanese). Japan. 2020-12-02. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
  2. ^ a b c "トヨタ自動車、プレミオ、プリウスα など5車種の生産終了を発表" [Toyota Motor, announcement of discontinuation of production of 5 models including Premio, Prius α]. Response (in Japanese). Japan. 2020-12-03. Retrieved 2020-12-05.
  3. ^ "Japanese Production Sites" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 2015-03-06. Archived from the original on 2015-03-18.
  4. ^ "Automobile and/or toy replica thereof US D642093 S1". US: Patent Office. 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
  5. ^ a b c d "Toyota Reveals Prius Family of Vehicles at the North American International Auto Show" (Press release). US: Toyota. 2011-01-10. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  6. ^ John Thomas (January 2015). "Table 35. Batteries for Selected Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Model Years 2013-2015". Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Retrieved 2015-07-11.
  7. ^ Hall, Larry E. (2012-04-11). "2012 Toyota Prius v Review". Hybrid Cars. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h "UPDATE 1-Toyota gets 25,000 pre-sale orders for Prius Alpha in Japan". Reuters. 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
  9. ^ a b "Solid 13% Q2 sales increase for Toyota and Lexus vehicles in Europe" (Press release). Europe: Toyota. 2012-07-13. Archived from the original on 2015-10-16. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
  10. ^ a b c Cheryl Jensen (2011-01-10). "With Prius V, Toyota's Marquee Hybrid Tries On New Silhouette". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
  11. ^ Chris Woodyard (2011-01-10). "Toyota unveils 2 new hybrids in Detroit: Prius V, Prius C". USA Today. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
  12. ^ Jason Kavanagh (2011-01-10). "2011 Detroit Auto Show: 2012 Toyota Prius V". Edmunds.com Inside Line. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
  13. ^ Colum Wood (2011-01-11). "Prius v Adds Versatility to the Only Hybrid that Matters". AutoGuide.com. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
  14. ^ a b c d "Prius v first member of expanded family to go on sale in US; 58% more cargo space than original". Green Car Congress. 2011-09-19. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  15. ^ a b c Sebastian Blanco (2011-09-16). "Toyota Plug-in Prius priced at $32,000* and Prius V from $26,400*". AutoblogGreen. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h "Worldwide Sales of Toyota Hybrids Surpass 9 Million Units" (Press release). Toyota City, Japan: Toyota. 2016-05-20. Retrieved 2016-05-26.
  17. ^ a b c Chris Shunk (2011-01-10). "Detroit 2011: Toyota Prius family adds a V for volume". Autoblog. Retrieved 2011-01-15.
  18. ^ "2012 Prius v Under Consideration For Australia". The Motor Report. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
  19. ^ "Autoblog checks out Toyota Entune inside the 2012 Prius V" by Steven J. Ewing, Autoblog. 2011-04-27
  20. ^ a b c d e Jack Rosebro (2011-05-24). "Toyota previews Prius v; first expansion of planned Prius "family"". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
  21. ^ Antuan Goodwin (2011-09-22). "Prius' artificial engine noise demonstrated, explained". CNET Cartech. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
  22. ^ "2012 Toyota Prius, Prius V, Prius Plug-in Hybrid: Now With Spaceship Sound". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 2018-11-10.
  23. ^ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2012-07-09). "2012 Toyota Prius v". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2012-07-09.
  24. ^ a b Michaël Torregrossa (2012-07-07). "Toyota Prius + - Le premier monospace hybride débarque en France" [Toyota Prius + - The first hybrid SUV arrives in France] (in French). Association pour l'Avenir du Véhicule Electrique Méditerranéen (AVEM). Retrieved 2012-08-06.
  25. ^ a b Marcos Baeza (2012-07-13). "Toyota Prius+, el primer monovolumen híbrido" [Toyota Prius+, the first MPV hybrid]. El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2012-08-06.
  26. ^ 実績データ（ハイブリッド車グローバル販売） [Actual data (hybrid vehicles sold globally)] (Press release) (in Japanese). Japan: Toyota. 2014-10-14. Archived from the original on 2014-11-05. Retrieved 2014-10-25. A total of 7,053,000 hybrids have been sold worldwide by TMC through September 2014 (includes Prius PHV).
  27. ^ a b c d Jeff Cobb (2013-01-08). "December 2012 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2013-01-14. See the section: December 2012 Hybrid Car Sales Numbers. A total of 40,669 Prius v were sold during 2012.
  28. ^ a b c d Jeff Cobb (2014-01-06). "December 2013 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  29. ^ a b c d Jeff Cobb (2015-01-06). "December 2014 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  30. ^ a b c d Cobb, Jeff (2016-01-06). "December 2015 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
  31. ^ a b c Cobb, Jeff (2016-05-04). "April 2016 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved 2016-05-26.
  32. ^ a b c "Toyota Prius V Sales Figures". Good Car Bad Car. May 2016. Retrieved 2016-05-26.
  33. ^ a b c d "実績データ（ハイブリッド車グローバル販売）" [Actual data (global sales hybrid vehicles)] (Press release) (in Japanese). Toyota City, Japan: Toyota. 2016-05-20. Archived from the original on 2014-11-05. Retrieved 2016-05-26.
  34. ^ "Toyota launches Prius α in Japan; forecasts delay in deliveries of the new model". Green Car Congress. 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
  35. ^ Toyota Motor Corporation (2012-05-22). "Worldwide sales of Toyota Motor hybrids top 4M units; Prius family accounts for almost 72%". Green Car Congress. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
  36. ^ "Worldwide Sales of Toyota Hybrids Top 6 Million Units" (Press release). US: Toyota. 2014-01-14. Archived from the original on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  37. ^ "ダイハツから新型ハイブリッドカー「メビウス」デビュー ～「プリウスα」OEMモデル" [From Daihatsu new hybrid car "Mobius" debut - "Prius α" OEM Model]. 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2013-04-09.
  38. ^ a b "Prius V: A family Prius for the Prius family". Toyota News Room. 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
  39. ^ Marton Pettendy (2015-02-11). "Cut-price Prius c the first of 10 new Toyotas in a year". Motoring.com.au. Retrieved 2015-08-23. Toyota Australia sold 1,654 Prius c, 722 Prius v and 487 third-generation Prius hatches in 2014.
  40. ^ "Toyota Sells 9 Millionth Hybrid car". Electric Vehicle News. 2016-05-19. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
  41. ^ "Prius v Expands Iconic Hybrid 'Family' of Vehicles" (Press release). Canada: Toyota. 2011-11-03. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  42. ^ a b Jim Motavalli (2011-03-10). "Toyota Downsizes Prius Wagon's Seating Capacity for U.S." The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-03-15.
  43. ^ Sara Soria (2012-07-12). "Prueba de contacto: Toyota Prius+ 2012" [Contact test: 2012 Toyota Prius+] (in Spanish). Mas Coche. Retrieved 2012-08-06.
  44. ^ John Simpson (2012-07-09). "Toyota Prius+ now on sale". The Green Car website. Archived from the original on 2018-12-22. Retrieved 2012-08-06.
  45. ^ Andy Pringle (2012-07-18). "2012 Toyota Prius+ review". What Car?. Retrieved 2012-08-06.
  46. ^ "Toyota Prius V 七座 MPV 到港！環保價 35 萬". car1.hk. 11 April 2012.
  47. ^ Christine Tierney (2011-06-23). "Prius hybrid wagon expected to launch this fall in the U.S." The Detroit News. Retrieved 2011-06-25.
  48. ^ "Toyota Prius V hybrid wagon ends U.S. run; RAV4 Hybrid took its sales". Green Car Reports. 2017-11-18. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
  49. ^ Chris Woodyard (2011-10-24). "Diesel, electric, natural gas vie for Green Car honors". USA Today. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
  50. ^ "Car of the Year Japan 2012 Top Ten Contenders Announced". Integrity Exports. 2011-11-14. Retrieved 2011-11-14.
  51. ^ John Voelcker (2011-11-28). "2012 Toyota Prius: GreenCarReports' Best Car To Buy 2012". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
  52. ^ "Prius V discontinued in the U.S but stays in Canada". driving. 2017-11-23. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  53. ^ "Toyota Prius V axed internationally". Drive. 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  54. ^ "Toyota hat den Prius eingestellt: Ein Nachruf auf das Hybridmodell". Motor1.com (in German). Retrieved 2023-05-08.
  55. ^ "Toyota hat sich 2.300 Prius+-Taxis gesichert". www.taxi-heute.de (in German). 2023-09-05. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
[edit]
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