Corruption in the Czech Republic
Corruption in the Czech Republic is considered to be widespread by a majority of the Czech public, according to Transparency International’s Global Corruption Barometer 2013.[1]
Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index scored the Czech Republic at 57 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, the Czech Republic ranked 41st among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector.[2] For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the average score was 43, and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180).[3] For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among Western European and European Union countries [Note 1] was 90, the average score was 65 and the lowest score was 42.[4]
Areas
[edit]Political corruption
[edit]A series of political corruption cases has damaged the image of Nečas’ administration (see corruption cases below), which is reflected in Transparency International's Global Corruption Barometer 2013, which reveals that 73% of the surveyed Czechs consider political parties to be “corrupt” or “extremely corrupt”.[1]
Business corruption
[edit]In the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2013–2014, surveyed business executives cite corruption as the most problematic factor for doing business in the country.[5] According to Ernst & Young's 2012 Global Fraud Survey, 80% of surveyed companies perceive bribery and corruption to be widespread in the business sector, and fewer than 10% state that between 2009 and 2011 their companies “very frequently/always” conducted due diligence on fraud and corruption-related risks before or after acquiring a new business.[6]
Although the business environment is characterised by a clear set of rules and little interference, corruption remains an obstacle to doing business in public procurement, awarding of subsidies and direct interactions between public and private sectors.[7]
Corruption cases
[edit]A case in 2009 involved Defence Minister Vlasta Parkanová overpaying for four aeroplanes in a 3.5 billion crown military contract. As a Member of Parliament, Parkanová was immune from criminal prosecution however. Finance Minister Miroslav Kalousek was also implicated in the case.[8]
In June 2012, a former director of the entity in charge of allocating EU funds in the Liberec and Usti and Labem regions was sentenced to 7.5 years imprisonment and a US$40,000 fine after being convicted of bribery in connection with the granting of EU funds.[9]
The 2013 Czech political corruption scandal involved an anti-corruption raid, launched by the organised crime unit. It resulted in the arrest of the prime minister's chief of staff, Jana Nagyová, and seven others. The unit also confiscated approximately GBR 5 million in cash and 10 kg of gold found in government offices, banks and private properties. The crimes are suspected to include bribery and abuse of power.[10]
Enhancing Civil Society Participation
[edit]Citizens participation and the values of integrity, accountability, and transparency are crucial components of fighting corruption. It is important to develop programs and actions to change the cultural understanding of corruption and help citizens to act against abuses.[11]
Police corruption
[edit]Police corruption in the Czech republic can be perceived in two categories: petty everyday corruption (e.g. bribery and favouritism), and major economic corruption, involving foreign investments requiring both state support and subsidy decision-making.[12]
Within these areas sections 158 – 162 detail forms of corruption ranging from abuse of power by a public official, to indirect bribery.[12] The Czech Republic joined the EU in May 2004, following the splitting of Czechoslovakia in 1993.[13] Since this split, corruption has made a steady incline. In 2001, 163 individuals were prosecuted with corrupt activity, of those 142 in relation to bribery.[12] This in comparison to the 110 individuals prosecuted in 2000. In 1995 the number of ascertained crimes committed by officers with involvement in management and administration was calculated at 1,081, by 1999 this figure had jumped 10.1% to 5,081, which steadily declined into the 2000s.[14] Royalties gained through major economic corruption are largely conspicuous. Tied up in ostentatious villas, over budget public construction projects and local government offices^. These "landmarks" are prominent enough to prompt guided tours around Prague.[15] Curious tourists are directed between structures funded through large sums of taxpayers' money. Money ending up in the pockets of civil servants and corrupt businessmen.[15]
In 1991 the "Service for the Protection of Economic Interests" was set up, this later evolved into the "Unit for Combating Corruption and Serious Economic Crime of the Criminal Police and Investigation Service" in January 2002. Its function: to detect connections between corruption and organised crime, in cooperation with the "Criminal Police Service and Investigation Unit of the Czech Police for Revealing Organised Crime".[16] Similarly the "Inspection Department of the Ministry of the Interior" (IDMI), a police unit that deals with offences committed by police officers. This unit targets petty everyday corruption, involving low-level employees of the state who abuse their power for personal gain.[16] Policemen earn a fraction the salary of a military officer.[17] Where the Fire Brigade has 14 districts within the Czech Republic, the Police force only has 8, resulting in limited opportunity for climbing regional ranks.[17] Policemen must also undergo far lengthier training than their better-paid Army and Fire Brigade colleagues.[17] Such inequities prompt feelings of resentment among Police ranks.[17] As a result, systems are now in place to combat petty corruption. Including automated cameras at traffic lights sending infringements directly to a driver, avoiding any physical interaction with a policing officer.[17] At the same time, "The Unit for Combating Corruption and Financial Crime" (UOKFK), established by the Ministry of the Interior, also provides continuing education relating to domestic corruption and integrity of the Czech police force.[18]
Police Corruption in the Czech Republic is an ongoing issue, however one that is actively combatted through state and local action.See also
[edit]- Crime in the Czech Republic
- International Anti-Corruption Academy
- Group of States Against Corruption
- International Anti-Corruption Day
- ISO 37001 Anti-bribery management systems
- United Nations Convention against Corruption
- OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
- Transparency International
Notes
[edit]- ^ Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Global Corruption Barometer 2013". Transparency International. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- ^ "The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated". Transparency.org. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
- ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index 2023: Czechia". Transparency.org. 30 January 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
- ^ "CPI 2023 for Western Europe & EU: Rule of law and political integrity threats undermine action against corruption". Transparency.org. 30 January 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
- ^ "Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- ^ "Growing Beyond: a place for integrity 12th Global Fraud Survey" (PDF). Ernst & Young. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- ^ "National Integrity System Assessment 2011". Transparency International. 8 December 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- ^ "Czech corruption continued". The Economist. 9 July 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- ^ "Human Rights Report 2012- Czech Republic". The US Department of State. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- ^ McDonald-Gibson, Charlotte (17 June 2013). "Czech PM Petr Necas to resign: 'Mr Clean Hands' to quit in effort to end political turmoil over aide spying and corruption scandal". The Independent. London. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
- ^ "Increase in the number of civil complaints against acts of corruption. [Social Impact]. ALACs. Promotion of Participation and Citizenship in Europe through the "Advocacy and Legal Advice Centres (ALACs)" of Transparency International (2009-2012). Framework Programme 7 (FP7)". SIOR, Social Impact Open Repository.
- ^ a b c Fenyk, Jaroslav (2003). "Tchequie / Czech Republic". Revue Internationale de Droit Penal. 74 (1): 417–455. doi:10.3917/ridp.741.0417. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
- ^ "Czech Republic". Europa.eu. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
- ^ Fenyk, Jaroslav (2003). "Tcheque / Czech Republic" (PDF). Revue Internationale de Droit Penal. 74 (1): 417–455. doi:10.3917/ridp.741.0417.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Cameron, Rob (2 June 2014). "Corruption redefined as tourism in Czech Republic". BBC News.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Tools and Resources for Anti-Corruption Knowledge (TRACK)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Pike, John. "Czech Republic - Corruption". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
- ^ "Anti-Corruption Authorities Profiles: Czech Republic". ACAuthroities.org.[permanent dead link]