Corruption in Senegal
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On Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index, Senegal scored 43 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Senegal ranked 70th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector.[1] For comparison with worldwide scores, Senegal's score was also the average score in 2023; the best score was 90 (ranked 1) and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180).[2] For comparison with regional scores, the average score among sub-Saharan African countries [Note 1] was 33. The highest score in sub-Saharan Africa was 71 and the lowest score was 11.[3]
Corruption under Abdoulaye Wade
[edit]Abdoulaye Wade came to power in 2000, ending 40 years of rule by the Socialist Party. Initially, his election was seen as a positive change, but his administration became associated with significant corruption:
Abdoulaye Wade was involved in corruption scandals, including allegedly handing a suitcase full of cash to a departing IMF representative.[4] Grand corruption, clientelism, and nepotism were evident during Wade's administration.[5] There were accusations of massive embezzlement and misuse of public funds.
Wade's son Karim was given control over major government ministries and projects, leading to allegations of nepotism. His son, Karim, gained notoriety for corruption. He was referred to as "Mister 15%" in diplomatic cables, suggesting he took a 15% cut of major government contracts. Eventually, Karim Wade was charged with illegally amassing a fortune of $240 million through embezzlement and corruption.[6] He was prosecuted and sentenced to 6 years in prison with a $228 million fine in 2015.[7]
While Abdoulaye Wade himself have not faced direct legal punishment, his administration's corruption became a focus of investigation under his successor, President Macky Sall.[8]
Recent Developments
[edit]Since 2012, under President Macky Sall, Senegal has taken some significant efforts to combat corruption in Senegal, including the establishment of several anti-corruption agencies, such as the Ministry of the Promotion of Good Governance and the reactivated Court of Repression of Economic and Financial Crime. The prosecution of corruption committed by officials has also increased under Sall's administration.[9] However, petty corruption remains common in daily life and public services.[10][11] There are concerns that anti-corruption measures have been influenced by political considerations.[12] Furthermore, enforcement of anti-corruption laws remains uneven.[13]
Corruption issues persisted under Sall's administration, as there were allegations of nepotism, with Sall appointing family members to government positions.[14] In addition, Sall's brother was implicated in a corruption scandal related to gas field contracts.[15]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Republic of the Congo, Swaziland, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
References
[edit]- ^ "The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated". Transparency.org. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "Corruption Perceptions Index 2023: Senegal". Transparency.org. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "CPI 2023 for Sub-Saharan Africa: Impunity for Corrupt Officials, Restricted Civic Space & Limited Access to Justice". Transparency.org. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "Senegal's "Mister 15%" Goes to Jail". africasacountry.com. 2024-11-01. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ "Senegal: Overview of corruption and anti-corruption". U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ "Senegal's "Mister 15%" Goes to Jail". africasacountry.com. 2024-11-01. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ "Senegal's "Mister 15%" Goes to Jail". africasacountry.com. 2024-11-01. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ Kamara, Alpha (2016-07-26). "Senegal: Why did President Sall pardon a rival convicted of embezzling over $200 million?". African Arguments. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ "Senegal Corruption Profile". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
- ^ "Senegal: Overview of corruption and anti-corruption". U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ "Senegal country risk report | GAN Integrity". www.ganintegrity.com. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ "Country profile: Senegal". U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ "Criminality in Senegal - The Organized Crime Index | ENACT". The Organized Crime Index. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ "Presidential Families & Co. in Senegal: A State of Capture in the Making? | Heinrich Böll Stiftung | Cape Town. South Africa | Namibia | Zimbabwe". za.boell.org. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ "Presidential Families & Co. in Senegal: A State of Capture in the Making? | Heinrich Böll Stiftung | Cape Town. South Africa | Namibia | Zimbabwe". za.boell.org. Retrieved 2024-11-03.