Concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia
During World War II, numerous concentration camps existed in the Independent State of Croatia. Most of them were operated by the Croatian Ustaša authorities, but some of them were operated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.[1]
Ustaša-operated camps
[edit]| Camp | Location | Operational | number of prisoners | number of deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jasenovac (I–IV) | Jasenovac, Slavonia | 23 August 1941 – 22 April 1945 | 100,000+ | c. 100,000[Note 1] |
| Stara Gradiška (Jasenovac V) | Stara Gradiška, Slavonia | 1941–1945 | 12,790+ | 9,586+ |
| Đakovo | Đakovo, Slavonia | 1 December 1941 – 7 July 1942 | 3,000 | at least 516 or 650 |
| Tenja | Tenja, Osijek, Slavonia | March 1942–August 1942 | 3,000 Jews | |
| Sisak | Sisak, Banovina | August 1942–January 1943 | 6,693 children, mostly Serbs | at least 1152 or 1630 |
| Gospić | Gospić, Lika | June–August 1941[2] | 42,246[3] | |
| Jadovno | Gospić, Lika | 1941–August 1941[4] | 10,000–68,000 | |
| Lepoglava | Lepoglava, northern Croatia | 1941–1945 | 2,000+ political | at least 961 youngsters and 80 other inmates |
| Danica | Koprivnica, northern Croatia | 15 April 1941–July 1941[5] | 5,600 | |
| Lobor | Lobor, northern Croatia | 9 August 1941–November 1942 | 2,000+ women and children, mostly Jews and Serbs | 200+ |
| Kerestinec | Kerestinec, Zagreb | 1941–1945 | ||
| Jastrebarsko | Jastrebarsko, Zagreb | 1942– | 1,500 children [6] | |
| Slana | Pag, Dalmatia | June 1941–August 1941[7] | 16,000 | 4–12,000 or 8,500 |
| Metajna | Pag, Dalmatia | 1941–1945 | ||
| Kruščica (Vitez) | Vitez, central Bosnia | 1941–Late September 1941[8] | 3000 | |
| Gornja Rijeka | Gornja Rijeka, northern Croatia | 1941–1942 | 400+ | at least 140 |
German-operated camps
[edit]Italian-operated camps
[edit]In annexed territories
[edit]See also
[edit]- List of massacres in the Independent State of Croatia
- Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
- The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia
Notes
[edit]- ^ These numbers vary widely, and were frequently manipulated by various sides during Yugoslavia's history, see Jasenovac concentration camp.
References
[edit]- ^ "Camps in the Independent State of Croatia". Jasenovac Memorial Area. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
- ^ Radovi (Filozofski Fakultet Zagreb. Humanisticke i Drustvene Znanosti). Zavod. 2007.
Veći koncentracijski logor bio je Gospić (lipanj - kolovoz 1941)...
- ^ Israeli, Raphael (4 March 2013). The Death Camps of Croatia: Visions and Revisions, 1941-1945. Transaction Publishers. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-4128-4930-2.
- ^ Hilberg 2003, p. 760.
- ^ Hilberg 2003, p. 759: "Surviving inmates transferred to Jadovno"
- ^ Rade Šegrt (26 August 2010). "Prvi put obilježeno stradanje djece". Nezavisne novine. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
- ^ Hilberg 2003, p. 759: "Closed August 1941, when the Italians occupied the island. Men were sent on to Jadovno, women to Kruščica"
- ^ Hilberg 2003, p. 760: "Surviving inmates to Jasenovac"
Sources
[edit]- Books
- Deverić, Mišo; Fumić, Ivan (2008). Hrvatska u logorima, 1941-1945. Savez antifašističkih boraca i antifašista Republike Hrvatske. ISBN 978-953-7587-01-7.
- Hilberg, Raul (2003). The destruction of the European Jews (3rd ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300095579.
- Israeli, Raphael (19 February 2013). The Death Camps of Croatia: Visions and Revisions, 1941-1945. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-4975-3.
- Korb, Alexander (2010). "A Multipronged Attack: Ustaša Persecution of Serbs, Jews, and Roma in Wartime Croatia". Eradicating Differences: The Treatment of Minorities in Nazi-Dominated Europe. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 145–163. ISBN 9781443824491.
- Peršen, Mirko (1990). Ustaški logori. Globus. ISBN 978-86-343-0547-0.
- Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804779241.
- Yeomans, Rory (2015). The Utopia of Terror: Life and Death in Wartime Croatia. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1-58046-545-8.
- Journals
- Cvetković, Dragan (2011). "Holokaust u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj - numeričko određenje" [Holocaust in Independent State of Croatia]. Istorija 20. Veka: Časopis Instituta za savremenu istoriju. 29 (1): 163–182. doi:10.29362/ist20veka.2011.1.cve.163-182.
- Conference papers and proceedings
- SANU (1995). Genocid nad Srbima u II svetskom ratu. Muzej žrtava genocida i Srpska književna zadruga.
- Schindley, Wanda; Makara, Petar, eds. (2005). Jasenovac: Proceedings of the First International Conference and Exhibit on the Jasenovac Concentration Camps. Dallas Publishing. ISBN 9780912011646.
