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Government of Colorado
Great Seal of the State of Colorado
Part ofUnited States of America
ConstitutionConstitution of Colorado
Legislative branch
NameLegislature
TypeBicameral
Meeting placeColorado State Capitol
Upper house
Name Senate
Presiding officerSteve Fenberg, President
Lower house
Name House of Representatives
Presiding officerJulie McCluskie, Speaker
Executive branch
Head of state and government
TitleGovernor
CurrentlyJared Polis
AppointerElection
Cabinet
NameCabinet
LeaderGovernor
Deputy leaderLieutenant Governor
HeadquartersState Capitol
Judicial branch
NameJudiciary of Colorado
CourtsCourts of Colorado
Supreme Court of Colorado
Chief judgeBrian Boatright
Seat Denver

The Government of Colorado is organized into three branches: the executive branch of the Governor, the legislative branch of the General Assembly, and the judicial branch of the Supreme Court and lower courts. This government was created by the Constitution of the State of Colorado, and allows for direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall and ratification.

Executive

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Statewide elected officials

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The five statewide elected officers are:

The Lieutenant Governor is elected on a ticket with the Governor. All statewide elected officers serve four-year terms.

Other elected executive branch officials

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There are also elected members of the Colorado State Board of Education, and the Regents of the University of Colorado are elected from districts coterminous with Colorado's congressional districts or at large. As a result, the Governor does not have direct management authority over either the Department of Education or any of the state's institutions of higher education.

Principal departments of the executive branch

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The executive branch is otherwise composed of the principal departments:[1]

Regulations are published in the Colorado Register and codified in the Code of Colorado Regulations (CCR).

Legislature

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The Colorado State Capitol in Denver.
Main article: Colorado General Assembly

The legislative body of Colorado is the Colorado General Assembly made up of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Colorado Senate. Members of the House are elected for two year terms from single-member, equal population districts. Approximately half of the members of the state senate are elected each two years to four year terms from single-member, equal population districts. The House of Representatives has 65 members and the Senate has 35 for a total of 100 legislators in Colorado.[citation needed] The session laws are published in the Session Laws of Colorado.[2] The laws of a general and permanent nature are codified in the Colorado Revised Statutes (C.R.S.).[2]

Direct democracy

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In addition to providing for voting,[3][4] the people of Colorado have reserved to themselves the:

Judiciary

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Main article: judiciary of Colorado

The judiciary of Colorado is defined by Article VI of the Colorado Constitution as well as the law of Colorado. The administration of the state judicial system is the responsibility of the Chief Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court as its executive head, and is assisted by several other commissions. Colorado courts include the:

The Colorado Supreme Court courtroom in Denver

All of the courts above, other than municipal courts and Denver's county court, are part of the state court system. In Denver, county and municipal courts are integrated and are not part of the state court system for administrative purposes, and the Denver Probate Court and the Denver Juvenile Court have jurisdiction over probate and juvenile matters, respectively. Outside Denver, these matters are within the jurisdiction of the district courts.

Most crimes in Colorado are prosecuted by a district attorney. One district attorney is elected for each of the state's 22 judicial districts in a partisan election. The state attorney general also has power to prosecute certain crimes, and in rare circumstances a special prosecutor may be appointed to prosecute a crime on a case by case basis. Municipal ordinance violations are prosecuted by city attorneys.

Local government

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Main articles: List of counties in Colorado and List of municipalities in Colorado
The Denver City and County Building.

Colorado is divided into 64 counties, two of which (Pitkin and Weld) are home rule. Counties are important units of government in Colorado since the state has no secondary civil subdivisions, such as townships. Two of these counties, the City and County of Denver and the City and County of Broomfield, have consolidated city and county governments.

The 273 Colorado municipalities operate under one of five types of municipal governing authority:[7]

A municipality may extend into multiple counties. There are no township governments in Colorado, but there are more than 4,000 special districts. See Active Colorado Local Governments.

Other political subdivisions include the University of Colorado Hospital Authority, which provides patient care through UCHealth (University of Colorado Health), and the Denver Health And Hospital Authority (Denver Health), which operates a hospital south of downtown Denver among other facilities.

Other governments

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There are two federally recognized tribes in Colorado: the Southern Ute Indian Tribe and the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe.[8] There are no other known state-recognized tribes.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Constitution of Colorado, article IV, § 22; C.R.S. § 24-1-110.
  2. ^ a b Hamilton, Andrea L. (August 2008). "Conducting Colorado Legislative History Research" (PDF). The Colorado Lawyer. 37 (8): 113–115. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-04.
  3. ^ Constitution of Colorado, article II, section 5
  4. ^ Constitution of Colorado, article VII
  5. ^ a b Constitution of Colorado, article V, section 1
  6. ^ Constitution of Colorado, article XXI
  7. ^ https://dola.colorado.gov/lgis/lgType.jsf
  8. ^ "Tribes". Colorado Commission of Indian Affairs. Retrieved 2022-05-12.
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