From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electoral district of the Spanish Congress of Deputies
Ciudad Real is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish : circunscripciones ) represented in the Congress of Deputies , the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales . The constituency currently elects five deputies . Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Ciudad Real . The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation , with a minimum threshold of three percent.
The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election . The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies ,[ 2] Spanish Constitution of 1978 . Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law , needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales .[ 3]
Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage , which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish : Voto rogado ) which was abolished in 2022.[ 4] [ 5] D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation , with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting .[ 3] [ 6] [ 7] district magnitude .[ 8]
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry , coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[ 6] [ 7]
2023 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
114,709
40.54
+12.68
2 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
100,102
35.37
+1.10
2 ±0
Vox (Vox)
46,046
16.27
–4.60
1 ±0
Unite (Sumar)1
17,405
6.15
–2.13
0
±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2
1,319
0.47
–0.20
0
±0
Workers' Front (FO)
447
0.16
New
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
365
0.13
–0.05
0
±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)
233
0.08
–0.09
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,353
0.83
–0.05
Total
282,979
5
±0
Valid votes
282,979
98.64
+0.06
Invalid votes
3,916
1.36
–0.06
Votes cast / turnout
286,895
73.28
+4.44
Abstentions
104,600
26.72
–4.44
Registered voters
391,495
Sources[ 9]
November 2019 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
92,046
34.27
±0.00
2 ±0
People's Party (PP)
74,835
27.86
+4.19
2 +1
Vox (Vox)
56,050
20.87
+7.15
1 ±0
United We Can (Podemos –IU )
22,250
8.28
–0.89
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
18,337
6.83
–10.43
0
–1
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,788
0.67
–0.13
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
484
0.18
New
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group –PCAS –TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC)
447
0.17
–0.01
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,357
0.88
+0.04
Total
268,594
5
±0
Valid votes
268,594
98.58
±0.00
Invalid votes
3,876
1.42
±0.00
Votes cast / turnout
272,470
68.84
–6.35
Abstentions
123,315
31.16
+6.35
Registered voters
395,785
Sources[ 10]
April 2019 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
100,720
34.27
+5.02
2 ±0
People's Party (PP)
69,559
23.67
–19.86
1 –2
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)
50,733
17.26
+5.40
1 +1
Vox (Vox)
40,313
13.72
New
1 +1
United We Can (Podemos –IU –Equo )
26,952
9.17
–4.26
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
2,360
0.80
–0.04
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group –PCAS –TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC)
529
0.18
+0.02
0
±0
European Retirees Social Democratic Party–Centre Unity (PDSJE–UdeC)
277
0.09
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,464
0.84
+0.15
Total
293,907
5
±0
Valid votes
293,907
98.58
–0.27
Invalid votes
4,241
1.42
+0.27
Votes cast / turnout
298,148
75.19
+4.63
Abstentions
98,362
24.81
–4.63
Registered voters
396,510
Sources[ 10]
2016 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
121,622
43.53
+5.15
3 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
81,728
29.25
–1.86
2 ±0
United We Can (Podemos –IU –Equo )1
37,510
13.43
–2.38
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
33,126
11.86
–0.48
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
2,334
0.84
+0.18
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
679
0.24
–0.31
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
458
0.16
+0.03
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,939
0.69
–0.08
Total
279,396
5
±0
Valid votes
279,396
98.85
±0.00
Invalid votes
3,238
1.15
±0.00
Votes cast / turnout
282,634
70.56
–3.84
Abstentions
117,918
29.44
+3.84
Registered voters
400,552
Sources[ 10]
2015 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
113,451
38.38
–16.85
3 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
91,959
31.11
–0.86
2 ±0
We Can (Podemos)
36,879
12.48
New
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
36,477
12.34
New
0
±0
United Left –Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC)
9,834
3.33
–2.07
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
1,949
0.66
+0.38
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
1,625
0.55
–3.84
0
±0
Vox (Vox)
560
0.19
New
0
±0
Zero Cuts –Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV)
386
0.13
New
0
±0
National Democracy (DN)
174
0.06
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,282
0.77
–0.58
Total
295,576
5
±0
Valid votes
295,576
98.85
+0.26
Invalid votes
3,427
1.15
–0.26
Votes cast / turnout
299,003
74.40
–0.36
Abstentions
102,882
25.60
+0.36
Registered voters
401,885
Sources[ 10]
2011 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
164,776
55.23
+7.45
3 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
95,375
31.97
–14.80
2 ±0
United Left of Castilla–La Mancha –The Greens : Plural Left (IUCLM–LV)
16,116
5.40
+2.78
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
13,106
4.39
+3.57
0
±0
Equo (Equo)
1,517
0.51
New
0
±0
Blank Seats (EB)
1,225
0.41
New
0
±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
836
0.28
+0.17
0
±0
Citizens of Democratic Centre (CCD)
469
0.16
New
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
423
0.14
+0.09
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
381
0.13
+0.05
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
101
0.03
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
4,016
1.35
+0.31
Total
298,341
5
±0
Valid votes
298,341
98.59
–0.67
Invalid votes
4,264
1.41
+0.67
Votes cast / turnout
302,605
74.76
–3.78
Abstentions
102,159
25.24
+3.78
Registered voters
404,764
Sources[ 10]
2008 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
148,363
47.78
+1.21
3 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
145,225
46.77
–1.35
2 –1
United Left–Alternative (IU)
8,137
2.62
–0.18
0
±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)
2,546
0.82
New
0
±0
The Greens of Europe (LVdE)
784
0.25
New
0
±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
353
0.11
New
0
±0
Social Democratic Party (PSD)
295
0.10
New
0
±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J)
249
0.08
New
0
±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)
238
0.08
–0.08
0
±0
Castilian Unity (UdCa)
198
0.06
–0.14
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
183
0.06
+0.01
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
145
0.05
–0.01
0
±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)
118
0.04
New
0
±0
Commoners' Land (TC)
113
0.04
–0.04
0
±0
National Democracy (DN)
83
0.03
–0.01
0
±0
Spanish Alternative (AES)
80
0.03
New
0
±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV)
56
0.02
New
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
54
0.02
–0.07
0
±0
Spain 2000 (E–2000)
43
0.01
New
0
±0
Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC)
19
0.01
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
3,243
1.04
–0.50
Total
310,525
5
±0
Valid votes
310,525
99.26
+0.18
Invalid votes
2,328
0.74
–0.18
Votes cast / turnout
312,853
78.54
–0.03
Abstentions
85,490
21.46
+0.12
Registered voters
398,343
Sources[ 10]
2004 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
147,271
48.12
+5.56
3 +1
People's Party (PP)
142,508
46.57
–5.12
2 –1
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM)
8,581
2.80
–0.92
0
±0
Castilian Unity (UdCa)
601
0.20
New
0
±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB)
485
0.16
New
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
351
0.11
–0.02
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
288
0.09
–0.03
0
±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)
247
0.08
–0.08
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
192
0.06
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
141
0.05
New
0
±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)
140
0.05
+0.01
0
±0
The Phalanx (FE)
132
0.04
–0.04
0
±0
National Democracy (DN)
128
0.04
New
0
±0
Republican Left (IR)
108
0.04
New
0
±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR)
85
0.03
New
0
±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA)
62
0.02
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
4,721
1.54
+0.29
Total
306,041
5
±0
Valid votes
306,041
99.08
–0.13
Invalid votes
2,856
0.92
+0.13
Votes cast / turnout
308,897
78.57
+3.81
Abstentions
84,263
21.43
–3.81
Registered voters
393,160
Sources[ 10]
2000 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
People's Party (PP)
150,842
51.69
+6.66
3 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party –Progressives (PSOE–p)
124,180
42.56
–2.66
2 –1
United Left (IU)
10,843
3.72
–4.46
0
±0
Natural Law Party (PLN)
552
0.19
New
0
±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)
459
0.16
+0.11
0
±0
Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS)
384
0.13
–0.14
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
339
0.12
+0.03
0
±0
The Phalanx (FE)
241
0.08
New
0
±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000)
184
0.06
New
0
±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE)
120
0.04
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
3,655
1.25
+0.41
Total
291,799
5
±0
Valid votes
291,799
99.21
–0.15
Invalid votes
2,323
0.79
+0.15
Votes cast / turnout
294,122
74.76
–7.51
Abstentions
99,297
25.24
+7.51
Registered voters
393,419
Sources[ 10]
1996 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
142,101
45.22
–3.79
3 ±0
People's Party (PP)
141,494
45.03
+5.28
2 ±0
United Left–Left of Castilla–La Mancha (IU–ICAM)
25,689
8.18
+0.89
0
±0
Centrist Union (UC)
862
0.27
–1.86
0
±0
Regionalist Party of Castilla–La Mancha (PRCM)
788
0.25
New
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
290
0.09
+0.05
0
±0
Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT)
208
0.07
New
0
±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)
149
0.05
–0.01
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,632
0.84
+0.15
Total
314,213
5
±0
Valid votes
314,213
99.36
+0.03
Invalid votes
2,015
0.64
–0.03
Votes cast / turnout
316,228
82.27
+1.44
Abstentions
68,129
17.73
–1.44
Registered voters
384,357
Sources[ 10]
1993 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
146,867
49.01
–3.35
3 ±0
People's Party (PP)
119,123
39.75
+9.78
2 ±0
United Left (IU)
21,856
7.29
+0.98
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
6,383
2.13
–5.80
0
±0
The Greens (Verdes)
1,481
0.49
–0.26
0
±0
The Ecologists (LE)
717
0.24
–0.25
0
±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group –European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE)
550
0.18
–0.62
0
±0
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)
187
0.06
New
0
±0
Natural Law Party (PLN)
162
0.05
New
0
±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)1
154
0.05
–0.02
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
121
0.04
–0.02
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
0
0.00
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
2,055
0.69
+0.15
Total
299,656
5
±0
Valid votes
299,656
99.33
+0.24
Invalid votes
2,033
0.67
–0.24
Votes cast / turnout
301,689
80.83
+5.73
Abstentions
71,549
19.17
–5.73
Registered voters
373,238
Sources[ 10]
1989 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
143,416
52.36
+0.78
3 ±0
People's Party (PP)1
82,074
29.97
–2.05
2 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
21,717
7.93
–1.42
0
±0
United Left (IU)
17,285
6.31
+2.66
0
±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)
2,193
0.80
New
0
±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)
2,063
0.75
New
0
±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)
1,351
0.49
New
0
±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)
948
0.35
+0.05
0
±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2
501
0.18
–0.42
0
±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)
388
0.14
New
0
±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3
195
0.07
–0.06
0
±0
Humanist Party (PH)
168
0.06
New
0
±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED)
105
0.04
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,480
0.54
–0.05
Total
273,884
5
±0
Valid votes
273,884
99.09
+0.57
Invalid votes
2,505
0.91
–0.57
Votes cast / turnout
276,389
75.10
+1.69
Abstentions
91,655
24.90
–1.69
Registered voters
368,044
Sources[ 10]
1986 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
138,568
51.58
–2.38
3 ±0
People's Coalition (AP –PDP –PL )1
86,031
32.02
+3.81
2 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
25,128
9.35
+7.37
0
±0
United Left (IU)2
9,793
3.65
+0.93
0
±0
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD)
2,161
0.80
New
0
±0
Communists' Unity Board (MUC)
1,625
0.60
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
1,568
0.58
+0.29
0
±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)
814
0.30
–0.12
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
604
0.22
+0.17
0
±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR)
422
0.16
New
0
±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)
344
0.13
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,582
0.59
+0.21
Total
268,640
5
±0
Valid votes
268,640
98.52
+0.33
Invalid votes
4,034
1.48
–0.33
Votes cast / turnout
272,674
73.41
–10.02
Abstentions
98,769
26.59
+10.02
Registered voters
371,443
Sources[ 10]
1982 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
151,168
53.96
+14.59
3 +1
People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (AP –PDP )1
79,037
28.21
+23.43
2 +2
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
29,443
10.51
–30.87
0
–3
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
7,627
2.72
–5.14
0
±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
5,543
1.98
New
0
±0
New Force (FN)2
3,222
1.15
–2.95
0
±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)
1,182
0.42
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)
809
0.29
New
0
±0
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE)
402
0.14
New
0
±0
Spanish Solidarity (SE)
236
0.08
New
0
±0
Revolutionary Communist League (LCR)
154
0.05
New
0
±0
Communist League–Internationalist Socialist Workers' Coalition (LC (COSI))
149
0.05
New
0
±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE)
140
0.05
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
1,062
0.38
+0.19
Total
280,174
5
±0
Valid votes
280,174
98.19
–0.85
Invalid votes
5,152
1.81
+0.85
Votes cast / turnout
285,326
83.43
+15.18
Abstentions
56,683
16.57
–15.18
Registered voters
342,009
Sources[ 10]
1979 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
100,896
41.38
+0.13
3 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1
95,996
39.37
+1.78
2 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
19,171
7.86
+1.59
0
±0
Democratic Coalition (CD)2
11,659
4.78
–7.84
0
±0
National Union (UN)3
10,004
4.10
+2.86
0
±0
Party of Labour of Spain (PTE)4
2,238
0.92
+0.44
0
±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)
1,296
0.53
New
0
±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A))
910
0.37
New
0
±0
Communist Organization of Spain (Red Flag) (OCE–BR)
840
0.34
New
0
±0
Carlist Party (PC)
388
0.16
New
0
±0
Blank ballots
453
0.19
–0.02
Total
243,851
5
±0
Valid votes
243,851
99.04
+0.22
Invalid votes
2,352
0.96
–0.22
Votes cast / turnout
246,003
68.25
–12.61
Abstentions
114,544
31.75
+12.61
Registered voters
360,747
Sources[ 10]
1977 general election [ edit ]
Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Ciudad Real
Parties and alliances
Popular vote
Seats
Votes
%
±pp
Total
+/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD)
102,362
41.25
n/a 3 n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
79,715
32.12
n/a
2 n/a
People's Alliance (AP)
31,310
12.62
n/a
0
n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
15,562
6.27
n/a
0
n/a
People's Socialist Party –Socialist Unity (PSP–US)
13,582
5.47
n/a
0
n/a
National Alliance July 18 (AN18)
3,085
1.24
n/a
0
n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI)
1,203
0.48
n/a
0
n/a
Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI)
811
0.33
n/a
0
n/a
Blank ballots
512
0.21
n/a
Total
248,142
5
n/a
Valid votes
248,142
98.82
n/a
Invalid votes
2,973
1.18
n/a
Votes cast / turnout
251,115
80.86
n/a
Abstentions
59,432
19.14
n/a
Registered voters
310,547
Sources[ 10]
^ "Real Decreto 1037/2022, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF) . Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (305): 178928–178933. 21 December 2022. ISSN 0212-033X .^ Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política (Law 1) (in Spanish). 4 January 1977. Retrieved 27 December 2016 .^ a b Constitución Española (in Spanish). 29 December 1978. Retrieved 27 December 2016 .^ Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote" . cafebabel.co.uk . Retrieved 17 July 2017 . ^ Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero" . Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022 . ^ a b Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20) (in Spanish). 18 March 1977. Retrieved 14 December 2019 .^ a b Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 30 January 2020 .^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems" . Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 2017-07-30. Retrieved 22 July 2017 . ^ "Resolución de 30 de agosto de 2023, de la Presidencia de la Junta Electoral Central, por la que se publica el resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 400/2023, de 29 de mayo, y celebradas el 23 de julio de 2023, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las correspondientes Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla" (PDF) . Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (209): 122201–122274. 1 September 2023. ISSN 0212-033X .^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales" . Ministry of the Interior . Retrieved 15 April 2022 .
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490,806 (2022)[1]