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Cheryl Kagan

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Cheryl Kagan
Kagan in 2024
Member of the Maryland Senate
from the 17th district
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 14, 2015
Preceded byJennie M. Forehand
Member of the Maryland House of Delegates
from the 17th district
In office
January 11, 1995 – January 8, 2003
Preceded byJennie M. Forehand
Succeeded byLuiz R. S. Simmons
Personal details
Born (1961-07-02) July 2, 1961 (age 63)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
David Spitzer
​
​
(m. 2000, divorced)​
Residence(s)Rockville, Maryland, U.S.
EducationVassar College (AB)
Signature
Websitecherylkagan.org

Cheryl C. Kagan (born July 2, 1961) is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maryland Senate representing District 17 since 2015. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously represented the district in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1995 to 2003.

Early life and education

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Kagan was born in Washington, D.C. on July 2, 1961. She graduated from Winston Churchill High School and later attended the Washington Semester program at American University in 1981, and Vassar College, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1983. Kagan also pursued graduate study at the University of Maryland, College Park from 1991 to 1995.[1]

Career

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After graduating from Vassar, Kagan worked as the director of development for the National Women's Political Caucus from 1986 to 1987. From 1989 to 1991, she worked as an executive director for the Independent Action PAC, afterwards working as the chief of staff to U.S. Representative John W. Cox Jr. and as a lobbyist for the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence until 1993.[1]

During her first term in the Maryland House of Delegates, Kagan worked as a substitute teacher for Montgomery County Public Schools. After retiring from the House of Delegates, she worked as an executive director for the Carl M. Freeman Foundation until 2007, when she became a professor at Montgomery College until 2009. Kagan worked as the executive director for the Americans for Democratic Action's education fund from 2010 to 2012, and afterwards worked as the director of community engagement for BBYO's mid-atlantic chapter.[1]

Kagan served as the co-chair, and later as a Montgomery County delegate, for John Kerry's 2004 presidential campaign. She later served on the steering committee of Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign.[1] Kagan observed the Iowa caucuses in 2008, 2012, and 2020.[2]

In the legislature

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Maryland House of Delegates

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Kagan was sworn into the Maryland House of Delegates on January 11, 1995. She served on the Commerce and Government Matters Committee from 1995 to 1998, afterwards serving on the Appropriations Committee until 2003.[1] She opted against running for re-election in 2002.[3]

Maryland Senate

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In May 2005, Kagan launched an exploratory committee into a potential run against state senator Jennie M. Forehand in 2006,[4] but ultimately decided against running.[5] She unsuccessfully challenged Forehand in 2010, losing by a margin of 356 votes.[6] Kagan again sought to run against Forehand in the 2014 election;[7][8] however, in January 2014, Forehand announced that she would not seek re-election in 2014.[9] In the Democratic primary, Kagan faced off against state delegate Luiz R. S. Simmons, whom she criticized for blocking domestic violence legislation and for being initially elected to the legislature as a Republican.[10][11] Despite being outraised by Simmons,[12] Kagan defeated Simmons in the Democratic primary election with 54.6 percent of the vote.[13]

Kagan in the Education, Energy, and the Environment Committee, 2023

Kagan was sworn into the Maryland Senate on January 14, 2015. She has served as a member of the Education, Energy, and the Environment Committee during her entire tenure, including as the committee's vice chair from 2020 to 2022 and since 2023.[1]

In March 2018, Kagan accused lobbyist Gilbert J. Genn of inappropriately touching her back and buttocks during a karaoke event at the Castlebay Irish Pub in Annapolis, Maryland.[14][15][16] After Genn denied her accusations, Kagan released security camera footage of the incident,[17] after which he acknowledged placing his hand on her back but continued to deny doing anything inappropriate.[18][19] Following the incident, Kagan supported legislation reforming the state's anti-sexual harassment policies.[20]

In 2020, Kagan unsuccessfully ran for delegate to the Democratic National Convention, pledged to former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg.[21]

Since 2023, Kagan has served as a member of the Election Assistance Commission's board of advisors.[1]

Personal life

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Kagan was married to David Spitzer, a Montgomery County public school teacher whom she met at a concert in Rockville, Maryland.[22] The couple married on August 20, 2000,[23] but are now divorced.[24] She is Jewish.[25][26]

Kagan is a nationally ranked Scrabble player.[27] In 2019, she lobbied the North American Scrabble Players Association to bring its annual Scrabble championship to Baltimore in 2020; however, the competition was cancelled amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The event finally happened in 2022.[28][29]

From 2017 to 2020, Kagan hosted the UnNaugural folk music concert at Montgomery College to raise funds for advocacy groups, including the ACLU, CASA de Maryland, and Planned Parenthood.[30][31][32] She also hosts a podcast called Kibbitzing With Kagan, which interviews politicians relevant to state and local Democratic politics.[33]

Political positions

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Education

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Kagan does not support providing state funding to private schools.[34] In March 2019, she proposed, but did not introduce,[35] an amendment to the state budget that would limit state funding to private schools unless they increased discrimination protections for students to include disabilities and gender identity.[36]

Electoral reform

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In 2019, Kagan proposed legislation that would allow the use of ranked choice voting in Montgomery County elections.[37] The bill failed to pass out of committee.[38]

During the 2020 legislative session, Kagan introduced a bill to delay the rollout of the state's absentee canvass, citing "election vulnerabilities and fiscal implications".[39] The Maryland Board of Elections paused its implementation of the canvass following errors during the February 2020 primary in the 2020 Maryland's 7th congressional district special election.[40]

In July 2020, Kagan criticized Hogan's decision requiring voters to apply for an absentee ballot to vote by mail in the 2020 general elections.[41] She also scrutinized the multi-step process for applying for a mail-in ballot, which would sometimes send applicants applications in the mail as well as their mail-in ballot, which she said would create "extra steps and extra burdens" on election workers.[42]

During the 2022 legislative session, Kagan introduced a bill to allow the Maryland State Board of Elections to process mail-in ballots before Election Day.[43] She opposed Republican attempts to amend the bill to require signature verification on mail-in ballots.[44] The bill passed, but was vetoed by Governor Hogan.[45] Afterwards, Kagan urged Hogan to sign an executive order to allow the Maryland State Board of Elections to count mail-in ballots early, expressing concerns that his inaction would reinforce conspiracy theories toward mail-in voting.[46] In September 2023, she supported the Maryland State Board of Elections in a lawsuit filed by Republican gubernatorial nominee Dan Cox against the early counting of mail-in ballots in the 2022 general election,[47] in which the Maryland Court of Appeals allowed the Board of Elections to count mail-in ballots early.[48]

In September 2023, Kagan said she supported a Rockville, Maryland referendum to lower the city's voting age to 16 years old.[49]

During the 2024 legislative session, Kagan introduced a bill that would replace the party central committee appointment process used to fill vacancies in the Maryland General Assembly with special elections held at the same time as regular state primary elections.[50] At the time of the bill's introduction, roughly 25 percent of the legislature was initially appointed to their seats through the party central committee process.[51] The bill passed the Maryland Senate in a 43-2 vote, but died in the House of Delegates.[52]

Environment

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In March 2017, Kagan attended a protest at the Maryland State House supporting a bill to ban fracking in Maryland.[53]

During the 2019 legislative session, Kagan introduced legislation to ban polystyrene products in Maryland.[54] The bill passed and became law without Governor Larry Hogan's signature.[55]

Gun policy

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Kagan advocated for the passage of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act and the Federal Assault Weapons Ban.[56]

In February 2019, Kagan was one of six Democratic state senators to vote to confirm Governor Larry Hogan's nominees to the Handgun Permit Review Board. All three nominees were rejected in a 21-25 vote. That year, she also supported a bill to repeal the Handgun Permit Review Board.[56]

Health care

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During the 2021 legislative session, Kagan introduced a bill that would allow children 14 years and older to consent to vaccines without parental consent.[57]

Israel

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In November 2023, Kagan and eight other state senators signed a joint letter that threatened to defund immigrants rights group CASA de Maryland because it had called for an immediate ceasefire in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war and condemned the "utilization of US tax dollars to promote the ongoing violence."[58] She refused to accept apologies from CASA executive director Gustavo Torres, saying, "I cannot forgive statements that essentially say he wants to murder my people".[59]

Social issues

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During the 2015 legislative session, Kagan introduced legislation to provide fertility treatment benefits, including in vitro fertilisation coverage, to married lesbian couples.[60]

In January 2018, Kagan condemned President Donald Trump's "shithole countries" remarks, which she called hateful and racist.[61]

In September 2018, Kagan penned a letter to Governor Larry Hogan calling on him to open a state investigation into sexual assault allegations made against Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh.[62] Hogan denied to do so.[63]

In January 2019, Kagan was one of nine Maryland lawmakers to add their names to a manifesto signed by 326 state legislators to reaffirm their commitment to protecting abortion rights.[64]

During the 2021 legislative session, Kagan introduced legislation to remove "Maryland, My Maryland" as the state's official anthem.[65] The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Hogan.[66]

In 2022, Kagan introduced a bill to ban cat declawing in Maryland.[67] The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Hogan.[68]

Transportation

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Kagan opposed Governor Larry Hogan's proposal to add high-occupancy toll lanes to Interstate 270 and the Capital Beltway, citing concerns with the project's high tolls and environmental impact.[69]

During the 2015 legislative session, Kagan voted to raise the state's maximum speed limit to 70 miles per hour.[70]

In July 2016, after the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) closed the Red Line to make SafeTrack repairs, Kagan wrote to the Maryland Department of Transportation asking the agency to cover costs associated with the county's plan to provide free shuttle bus services to help commuters affected by the transit line's downtime.[71] In July 2019, she criticized the Maryland Department of Transportation for withholding $55.6 million in funding for WMATA, which she predicted would have a "ripple effect" on the District of Columbia and Virginia.[72] After the Hogan administration released $83.5 million in funding for WMATA in September 2019, Kagan criticized the administration's decision to delay funding as "unnecessary" and "disappointing".[73]

Electoral history

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Maryland House of Delegates District 17 Democratic primary election, 1994[74]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kumar P. Barve (incumbent) 5,182 20.8
Democratic Michael R. Gordon (incumbent) 5,152 20.6
Democratic Cheryl Kagan 4,064 16.3
Democratic Luiz R. S. Simmons 3,068 12.3
Democratic Ruth Spector 2,715 10.9
Democratic Paul J. Benkert Jr. 1,591 6.4
Democratic W. Thomas Curtis 1,122 4.5
Democratic Matthew Anthony Shore 983 3.9
Democratic Thomas Edward Clarke Jr. 680 2.7
Democratic Dean Stoline 402 1.6
Maryland House of Delegates District 17 election, 1994[75]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Michael R. Gordon (incumbent) 18,154 28.4
Democratic Cheryl Kagan 17,081 26.7
Democratic Kumar P. Barve (incumbent) 15,978 25.0
Republican Harrison W. Fox Jr. 12,709 19.9
Maryland House of Delegates District 17 election, 1998[76]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Michael R. Gordon (incumbent) 18,805 21.6
Democratic Cheryl Kagan (incumbent) 18,713 21.5
Democratic Kumar P. Barve (incumbent) 18,617 21.4
Republican Barney Gorin 11,293 13.0
Republican Christopher Russell 10,078 11.6
Republican Richard A. Marvin 9,534 11.0
Maryland Senate District 17 Democratic primary election, 2010[77]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Jennie M. Forehand (incumbent) 4,129 52.3
Democratic Cheryl C. Kagan 3,773 47.7
Maryland Senate District 17 Democratic primary election, 2014[78]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Cheryl C. Kagan 4,713 54.6
Democratic Luiz R. S. Simmons 3,917 45.4
Maryland Senate District 17 election, 2014[79]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Cheryl C. Kagan 18,526 68.1
Republican Steve Zellers 8,496 31.2
Write-in 169 0.6
Maryland Senate District 17 election, 2018[80]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Cheryl C. Kagan (incumbent) 36,147 79.0
Republican Josephine J. Wang 9,529 20.8
Write-in 62 0.1
Maryland Senate District 17 election, 2022[81]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Cheryl C. Kagan (incumbent) 31,639 97.2
Write-in 915 2.8

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Cheryl C. Kagan, Maryland State Senator". Maryland Manual On-Line. Maryland State Archives. April 12, 2024. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
  2. ^ Gaines, Danielle E. (February 4, 2020). "Report from Iowa: Md. State Senator at the Caucuses". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  3. ^ Cottman, Michael H. (September 5, 2002). "One Contested Senate Race As Others Await November". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  4. ^ Craig, Tim (May 12, 2005). "Forehand Ponders Protege's Challenge". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  5. ^ Craig, Tim (December 8, 2005). "Kagan Takes Shots at Forehand, But Won't Make a Run for Her Seat". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  6. ^ "Ferguson topples Baltimore Senator Della". The Baltimore Sun. September 15, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  7. ^ Peck, Louis (November 18, 2013). "Jockeying Over District 17 Senate Seat Intensifies - Via Social Media". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  8. ^ Wagner, John (November 19, 2013). "Cheryl Kagan announces bid for Maryland Senate seat representing Montgomery County". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  9. ^ Dresser, Michael (January 3, 2014). "Montgomery's Forehand retiring from Senate". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  10. ^ Peck, Louis (May 5, 2014). "Sparks Fly As Candidates In County's Marquee State Legislative Race Debate". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  11. ^ Peck, Louis (June 23, 2014). "A Couple Of Marquee Races Remain Contentious Until The End". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  12. ^ Peck, Louis (February 5, 2014). "As Filing Deadline Nears, Candidate Field In District 16 Becomes More Fluid". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  13. ^ Bogage, Jacob (June 25, 2014). "Statewide and Legislative Election Results". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  14. ^ DePuyt, Bruce (March 5, 2018). "Lobbyist Releases Statement Denying Senator's 'Inappropriate' Touching Charge". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  15. ^ Cox, Erin (March 2, 2018). "Maryland senator accuses lobbyist of improper touching". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  16. ^ Metcalf, Andrew (March 2, 2018). "Kagan Accuses Lobbyist of Inappropriate Touching". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  17. ^ DePuyt, Bruce (March 14, 2018). "Tale of the Tape: Video Surfaces of Incident Between Senator and Lobbyist". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  18. ^ Wiggins, Ovetta (March 14, 2018). "Security video shows encounter that prompted Md. lawmaker's complaint against lobbyist". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  19. ^ Cox, Erin (March 13, 2018). "Security video shows Maryland lobbyist touching lawmaker. He says it vindicates him. She says it vindicates her". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  20. ^ Wiggins, Ovetta (April 7, 2018). "Maryland Senate gives final passage to anti-sexual harassment bill". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  21. ^ Peck, Louis (January 26, 2020). "Thirteen state lawmakers from Montgomery seek Democratic convention delegate slots". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  22. ^ Harrison, Mimi (January 5, 2011). "Let's Put on a Show!". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  23. ^ "Wedding Photo of Cheryl Kagan". Vassar College Costume Collection. Vassar College. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  24. ^ "#89 The State Senator". Dining With Strangers. April 18, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2024. She even met her now ex-husband at a folk concert
  25. ^ Sears, Bryan P.; Gaines, Danielle E.; Ford, William J. (February 25, 2023). "Political Notes: Bill backlog likely spells doom for some proposals, fundraising off a failed nominee and much more as General Assembly hits halfway point". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  26. ^ "House prayer sparks ill will Christian homily offends some". The Baltimore Sun. February 14, 1998. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  27. ^ "NASPA: Player Information: Cheryl Kagan". NASPAWiki. North American Scrabble Players Association. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  28. ^ Gardner, Hayes (July 29, 2022). "Hanging on every word: North American Scrabble champion crowned in Baltimore as game turns spectator sport". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on January 20, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  29. ^ Gardner, Hayes (August 1, 2022). "Pulling victory out of the bag at the North American Scrabble championship". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  30. ^ Hicks, Josh (December 13, 2016). "For Trump critics, an 'UnNaugural' concert". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  31. ^ Kurtz, Josh (January 15, 2019). "Lawmaker and Friends to Protest Trump in Song". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  32. ^ Gaskill, Hannah (January 7, 2020). "Final 'UnNaugural' Concert of Trump Era Coming Soon". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  33. ^ Kurtz, Josh (October 5, 2021). "Here's a Different Way to Get to Know the Democratic Candidates for Governor". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  34. ^ Gaines, Danielle E. (March 26, 2021). "Senate Unanimously Approves $51 Billion Budget Plan". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  35. ^ Gaines, Danielle E. (March 21, 2019). "Unified Senate Passes Budget Plan". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  36. ^ Gaines, Danielle E. (March 21, 2019). "Big Senate Debate Over a Small Allocation - For Private Schools". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  37. ^ Wright, Charlie (December 18, 2018). "'Ranked Choice' Voting Method Supported for County Elections". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  38. ^ Schere, Dan (April 2, 2019). "Ranked-Choice Voting, Tenants' Rights Bills Fail To Advance". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
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  40. ^ Kurtz, Josh (February 7, 2020). "State Hits Pause on Controversial Wireless Network to Transmit Voter Information". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  41. ^ Leckrone, Bennett (July 8, 2020). "Hogan Envisions a More Conventional General Election Voting Process". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  42. ^ Leckrone, Bennett (August 28, 2020). "Senator: Some Voters Who Applied Online for Mail-in Ballot Are Getting Mailed Applications, Too". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  43. ^ Leckrone, Bennett (January 27, 2022). "Lawmakers Again Take Up Special Elections For General Assembly, Other Election Reforms". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  44. ^ Leckrone, Bennett (February 10, 2022). "Bid to Add Signature Verification Fails as Mail-In Voting Reform Advances in Senate". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
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  46. ^ Gaines, Danielle E. (July 11, 2022). "In a Unique Summer Primary, When Can Marylanders Expect Election Results?". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  47. ^ DePuyt, Bruce (September 23, 2022). "Judge grants elections board request to count mail-in ballots as they arrive". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  48. ^ Elwood, Karina (October 10, 2022). "Md. appeals court disagrees with Cox, allows early mail-in vote counting". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  49. ^ Ford, William J. (September 15, 2023). "Should the ballot box be 18-plus? Maryland advocates are pressing for a lower voting age in local elections". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
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  54. ^ Kurtz, Josh (January 29, 2019). "Bill Banning Styrofoam to Have One Less Hurdle". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
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  56. ^ a b Gaines, Danielle E. (February 22, 2019). "Senate Votes Down Nominees to Handgun Review Board". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  57. ^ Goodwin Smith, Thomas (February 19, 2023). "Sen. Justin Ready sponsors proposed bill to establish fundamental parents' rights". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  58. ^ Thakker, Prem (November 9, 2023). "Maryland Democrats Threaten Funding of Immigrant Rights Group That Called for Gaza Ceasefire". The Intercept. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  59. ^ Bixby, Ginny (November 14, 2023). "Support, rebukes to CASA's pro-Palestine letter continue; latest from ACLU of Maryland". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  60. ^ Dresser, Michael (March 18, 2015). "Bill would require fertility benefits for lesbians". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  61. ^ Wiggins, Ovetta (January 13, 2018). "Lawmaker: After Haiti insult, she had to tell her granddaughters 'that their mother was a worthwhile human being'". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  62. ^ Gaines, Danielle E. (September 21, 2018). "Senator Wants State Police to Investigate Kavanaugh Assault Charge". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  63. ^ Dresser, Michael (September 25, 2018). "Gov. Hogan rules out state police investigation of Kavanaugh allegations; Montgomery County police not investigating". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  64. ^ Kurtz, Josh (January 23, 2019). "Md. Lawmakers Join Legislators From Across U.S. Vowing to Protect Abortion Rights". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  65. ^ Peck, Louis (January 8, 2021). "As Fresh Debate Over Repeal of State Song Looms, Several Contenders Emerge to Replace It". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  66. ^ O'Neill, Madeleine (May 18, 2021). "Maryland legalizes sports betting, carryout alcohol sales, repeals state song. What's next". Delmarvanow. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
  67. ^ Dance, Scott (April 5, 2022). "Maryland would become second state to ban cat declawing under a bill General Assembly passed Monday". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  68. ^ Fenston, Jacob; Kleinman, Avery (April 22, 2022). "Cats Rejoice As Maryland Gov. Signs Off On Law Banning Cat Declawing". DCist. Archived from the original on April 22, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  69. ^ Bohnel, Steve (August 11, 2021). "UPDATED: I-270/I-495 widening project clears hurdles at Board of Public Works". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  70. ^ Wheeler, Timothy B. (February 19, 2015). "Maryland Senate votes to raise maximum speed limit to 70 mph". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  71. ^ Metcalf, Andrew (July 6, 2016). "Montgomery County Senator Asks State to Pay SafeTrack Shuttle Bus Costs". MoCo360. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  72. ^ DePuyt, Bruce (July 2, 2019). "Lawmakers Rip Hogan Plan to Withhold $55M from Transit Agency". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  73. ^ Kurtz, Josh (September 26, 2019). "Hogan to Release $83M in Metro Funding". Maryland Matters. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  74. ^ "1994 Gubernatorial Primary Election Results". Maryland State Board of Elections. February 6, 2001. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  75. ^ "1994 Gubernatorial General Election Results". Maryland State Board of Elections. February 6, 2001. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  76. ^ "1998 Gubernatorial General Election Results". Maryland State Board of Elections. October 24, 2000. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  77. ^ "Official 2010 Gubernatorial Primary Election results for State Senator". Maryland State Board of Elections.
  78. ^ "Official 2014 Gubernatorial Primary Election results for State Senator". Maryland State Board of Elections. July 16, 2014.
  79. ^ "Official 2014 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator". Maryland State Board of Elections. December 2, 2014.
  80. ^ "Official 2018 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator". Maryland State Board of Elections. December 11, 2018.
  81. ^ "Official 2022 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator". Maryland State Board of Elections. December 7, 2022.
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