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Centre Alliance

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Not to be confused with Central Alliance.

Centre Alliance
AbbreviationCA
FounderNick Xenophon
Founded1 July 2013; 11 years ago (2013-07-01)
Preceded byNo Pokies
HeadquartersAdelaide, South Australia
Ideology
Political positionCentre
Colours  Orange   Black
SloganWorking in South Australia's interests[1]
House of Representatives
1 / 151
Senate
0 / 76
Website
centrealliance.org.au

Centre Alliance (CA), formerly known as the Nick Xenophon Team (NXT), is a centrist Australian political party based in the state of South Australia. It currently has one elected representative, Rebekha Sharkie in the House of Representatives.[2]

Since its founding in July 2013, the party has twice changed names. At the time of the 2016 federal election, it was known as the Nick Xenophon Team. After Nick Xenophon founded SA-BEST, an affiliated state-based party, NXT sought to change its name to SA-BEST (Federal). However, prior to Australian Electoral Commission approval, Xenophon left politics, and the party withdrew its application and changed its name to Centre Alliance.[3] In 2018, Centre Alliance senator Stirling Griff stated that SA-BEST is "a separate entity, a separate association, a separate party" from Centre Alliance.[4]

The party's ideological focus is a combination of socially liberal and populist policies,[5][6][7] drawing from the positions of Xenophon.[8] Its present members have variously declared support for same-sex marriage, reform of the Australian Intelligence Community, action on climate change, support for military veterans, affordable tax cuts, Australian-made manufacturing (including defence-industry spending), and legalising euthanasia.[9][10]

History

[edit]
See also: Nick Xenophon, No Pokies, and SA-Best
Nick Xenophon in 2009

Nick Xenophon ran for election as an independent candidate in Australia under a "No Pokies" ticket that ran in South Australian state elections from 1997 to 2006. He was elected in 1997 and 2006. The 2013 Australian federal election saw independent "Nick Xenophon Group", with Xenophon as the lead candidate, win 24.9 percent of the statewide upper house vote in South Australia. This was an unprecedented result for a non-major party with Nick Xenophon Group outpolling the Australian Labor Party to come in second behind the Liberal Party of Australia, which won office. Although Xenophon was re-elected, his running mate Stirling Griff narrowly missed out to Bob Day of the Family First Party.[11]

In 2014, Nick Xenophon Team (NXT) emerged from Nick Xenophon Group. Its management committee was composed of Xenophon, John Darley, Griff, and Connie Bonaros.[12]

In the 2014 South Australian state election, John Darley, who took Nick Xenophon's place in the state parliament in 2007, ran under the banner of Independent Nick Xenophon Team.[13] Without Xenophon as a candidate, being in the national senate, John Darley won 12.9 percent of the statewide upper house vote. John Darley, who was appointed in 2007 to succeed Xenophon for "No Pokies", was re-elected.[14]

On 5 March 2017, Xenophon announced that he would launch a new party in South Australia in time for the March 2018 state election to enable them to focus on domestic South Australian issues as opposed to wider Australia.[15][16] The party was registered on 4 July as Nick Xenophon's SA-BEST.[17]

The independent John Darley left the management committee of the Nick Xenophon Team party on 17 August 2017 to avoid expulsion from the party.[18] He said: "There are many things I could say as to why I have resigned. However, it is not my place to speak publicly about internal party matters".[19] Though it was stated that there had been months of conflict between Darley and the party, it came to a head a week prior when Darley voted with the Labor government to back Legislative Council voting reforms. Xenophon indicated the resignation had averted Darley's imminent expulsion from the party due to "breaches to party rules". Nick Xenophon's SA-BEST therefore contested the 2018 election without state parliamentary representation.[20]

The party submitted an application to change its name, abbreviation and logo to SA-BEST (Federal) to the Australian Electoral Commission in February 2018. The application was open for public objection until 7 March 2018 before a decision would be made,[21] but on 9 April 2018 the Electoral Commission announced that the application had been withdrawn.[22] Party supporters were advised on 10 April that a new application had been lodged to change the name to Centre Alliance.[23] The application to change the name and logo was advertised for objection by the Australian Electoral Commission on 7 May 2018.[24] Xenophon himself ceased to be directly involved with the party.[25] The name and logo change were registered by the electoral commission on 8 June 2018.[26]

In August 2020, Senator Rex Patrick left the party,[27] and went on to form the Rex Patrick Team.[28]

Political positions

[edit]

Centre Alliance is generally perceived as a centrist party.[citation needed] Some prominent party members are former Liberal Party members or staffers. Senator Rex Patrick was a staffer for Liberal Senator David Johnston before joining the party.[29] Federal MP Rebekha Sharkie is also a former member of the Liberal Party and formerly worked as a researcher and staffer for Liberal party figures from 2006.[30][31][32] At the 2016 Federal Election Rebekha Sharkie won the lower house seat of Mayo, previously a safe Liberal seat. Sharkie's win delivered the party's first and only seat in the House of Representatives.

Centre Alliance claims to support Australian industry, often citing economic nationalism on matters before the Parliament: "When it comes to Australian made, successive governments have abandoned Australian industries and jobs by failing to stand up for Australian farming and manufacturing." It states that better outcomes can be achieved by requiring Australian governments to buy Australian goods and services, which may amount to A$60 billion a year. It supports introducing labelling laws to provide customers with information on ingredients and their country of origin.[citation needed]

In October 2020, Centre Alliance supported the government's university reform bill.[33] The government stated that: “(the) reforms will create 30,000 (university) places next year, while cheaper fees in certain fields will deliver more graduates in areas of expected job growth”. The student cost of humanities, law and commerce degrees increased, while teaching, nursing, English, languages, maths, agriculture, science, health, architecture, environmental science, IT and engineering degrees decreased.

2016 federal election

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]
See also: Candidates of the 2016 Australian federal election

The selection process for NXT candidates at the 2016 federal election was called "exhaustive", with senate candidate for South Australia and campaign manager Stirling Griff being largely responsible.[34] In a later article, however, Richardson called it "a two-man team" of selectors (Griff and Xenophon).[35] According to Griff, NXT aimed to field candidates that had "real life experience" as opposed to "celebrities [...] academics [...] [or] political groupies".[35] These comments were reflected in the composition of NXT candidates for the election, with one third of them coming from a small business, grassroots background.[36]

Xenophon confirmed in December 2014 that by mid-2015 Nick Xenophon Team would announce candidates in the South Australian Liberal seats of Sturt, Hindmarsh and Mayo, along with seats in all states and territories, and preference against the government in the upper house, at the 2016 federal election, with Xenophon citing the government's ambiguity on the Collins class submarine replacement project as motivation.[37]

NXT fielded two senate candidates in every state, with four in South Australia. It fielded candidates in all eleven of the South Australian House of Representatives seats, along with Calare, Lindsay, Macarthur and Warringah in New South Wales, Groom and Moreton in Queensland and Higgins in Victoria.[38]

Polling

[edit]
See also: National opinion polling for the 2016 Australian federal election

In June 2014, polling in the seat of Sturt held by Christopher Pyne–a major figure in the Liberal Party–indicated that an NXT candidate would have beaten him 38% to 31% in primary vote.[39] This was before Tony Abbott was replaced by Malcolm Turnbull as Prime Minister following the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot. A January 2016 opinion poll conducted in South Australia by Roy Morgan found that NXT was slightly ahead of the Australian Labor Party, which was the opposition party to the governing Liberal Party of Australia.[40] A February poll for the next South Australian Election indicated a similar amount of support (20.5%), but with NXT third behind Labor.[41][42][43] ABC election analyst Antony Green believes that NXT could attract some 10-12% of the vote in the eastern states.[39] Griff believes that a double dissolution election could see as many as six NXT senators elected.[44] A 15 January 2016 article in the Sydney Morning Herald argued that NXT's debut national election had been undermined by the rise of Turnbull.[39] However, polling conducted after the change of Prime Minister indicated NXT support had only fallen by 0.2% in votes for the lower house, while support rose by 4% in the Senate.[36]

Multiple seat-level opinion polls in the South Australian rural Liberal seats of Mayo, Grey and Barker during the 2016 election campaign found NXT leading the Liberals on the two-candidate vote in all three seats. ABC psephologist Antony Green indicated NXT had a "strong chance of winning lower house seats and three or four Senate seats".[45]

Relationship with the Liberal Party

[edit]

Centre Alliance has attracted strong criticism from the Liberal Party. In 2015, soon after becoming Prime Minister, Malcolm Turnbull intimated that NXT would struggle to overcome the deficiencies of its leader, adding "Nick’s track record to date is that when he last ran with a running mate, he and Ann Bressington split up".[46] Education Minister Simon Birmingham attacked NXT candidate for the seat of Mayo, Rebekha Sharkie, for seeking the support of a farming group who had previously supported One Nation founder Pauline Hanson.[47] Xenophon rejected these claims as the group in question had not endorsed One Nation, but merely spoke "at an event".[47]

In 2016, Martin Hamilton-Smith, a former South Australian Liberal leader who had left the Liberal party, and at the time was an independent and part of the state Labor cabinet, declared his support for the NXT candidate Rebekha Sharkie in Mayo for the upcoming federal election. He said "I think Rebekha's a good candidate for Mayo, I live in Mayo so I want a candidate that's going to stick up for SA and the local district and I think she's the right person". He also stated that he was not considering a run with NXT in the future, rather believed that the NXT candidate was the best person for the job in his electorate. Sharkie's main opponent in Mayo, sitting Liberal member Jamie Briggs said, "I think what it reveals is you just can't trust these independents".[48]

2016 election campaign

[edit]
See also: 2016 Australian federal election, Results of the 2016 Australian federal election in South Australia, and Results of the 2016 Australian federal election (Senate) § South Australia

Primary vote % (SA 2016)

The nascent Nick Xenophon Team ran candidates at the Australian 2016 federal election for the upper house with two candidates in each of the six states, a candidate in all eleven lower house seats in South Australia, and additionally a candidate in seven lower house seats in three other states – Calare, Lindsay, Macarthur and Warringah in New South Wales, Groom and Moreton in Queensland, and Higgins in Victoria. As the election was a double dissolution the Senate electoral quota of 14.3 percent was reduced to 7.7 percent.

During the campaign, Xenophon and the NXT were the subject of numerous attacks from both major political parties.[49] This included an attack levelled at his failure to declare a directorship of Adelaide Tower Pty Ltd, which involved his father. Xenophon accused proponents of this attack of a "partisan and personal campaign".[50] Labor requested the Australian Electoral Commission investigate questionable loans given to Xenophon by businessman Ian Melrose.[51]

In the presence of NXT candidates in all eleven South Australian seats, both major parties recorded a suppressed primary vote, resulting in a reduction of the major party primary vote in all but one South Australian seat. Though Labor picked up a two-party swing in all eleven, NXT's presence produced a result where Kingston ended up as the only South Australian seat to record an increase to a major party primary vote. Kingston also recorded the highest major party primary vote of just 49 percent. In NXT's presence, no party won a majority of the primary vote in any of the eleven seats. NXT's lower house primary vote was highest in Mayo (34.9%) and lowest in Adelaide (12.9%). While Mayo has always polled strongest for minor parties, Adelaide's result is in contrast to 2007 where the Xenophon Senate ticket polled better in Adelaide than in most other seats.[52] NXT candidates in Barker[53] and Grey[54] both placed second to the Liberal incumbents and placed second in Port Adelaide to the Labor incumbent. NXT's South Australian lower house vote was 21.3 percent. NXT did not poll as highly in other states. The overall nationwide NXT primary vote was 3.3 percent (456,369 votes) in the Senate and 1.9 percent (250,333 votes) in the House.[55] Though NXT's South Australian Senate primary vote was reduced to 21.7 percent (–3.1 from 2013), the reduced Senate quota allowed more candidates to be successful.

In the end, three NXT senators and one lower house MP were elected. In the senate, Xenophon and Stirling Griff were elected to six-year terms, and Skye Kakoschke-Moore was elected for a three-year term; while Rebekha Sharkie won the lower house seat of Mayo.[56][57]

Xenophon resigned from the Senate in 2017 and was replaced by Rex Patrick. Kakoschke-Moore resigned from the Senate in 2017 and was replaced by Tim Storer, although Storer had resigned from the party at that stage, so sat as an independent.

2019 federal election

[edit]

Skye Kakoschke-Moore was announced as the lead Senate candidate for the 2019 election. Rebekha Sharkie was announced as the candidate for Mayo.[58] Kelly Gladigau was announced as the candidate for Barker.[59] Andrea Broadfoot was announced as the candidate for Grey.[60]

The SA Senate vote collapsed from 21.8% to 2.6%, and no Centre Alliance senator was elected. Stirling Griff and Rex Patrick kept their Senate seats, because they were not up for re-election.

Rebekha Sharkie was the only Centre Alliance candidate elected, retaining the seat of Mayo with 34.19% of the primary vote, and a two-party preferred vote of 55.14%.[61]

2022 federal election

[edit]

The Centre Alliance ran only one candidate in the 2022 federal election, Rebekha Sharkie in the seat of Mayo. She was re-elected.[62]

Stirling Griff, while remaining with the party, ran as an independent "Group O" candidate for the Senate, in a ticket led by Nick Xenophon.[63] Both were unsuccessful.[64]

Rex Patrick, elected to the Senate with the party in 2016, left the party in August 2020. He ran as the lead candidate of the Rex Patrick Team, but failed to win re-election.[64]

Election results

[edit]
House of Representatives (South Australia)
Election Leader Candidates Seats won ± Total votes %
2016 Nick Xenophon
11 / 11
1 / 11
 Increase 1 221,210 21.26%
2019 None
3 / 10
1 / 10
 Steady 46,931 4.38%
2022 None
1 / 10
1 / 10
 Steady 36,500 3.32%
Senate (South Australia)
Election Leader Seats won Total seats ± Total votes %
2013 Nick Xenophon
1 / 6
1 / 12
 Increase 1 258,376 24.88%
2016 Nick Xenophon
3 / 12
3 / 12
 Increase 2 230,866 21.76%
2019 None
0 / 6
1 / 12
 Decrease 1 28,416 2.60%

List of parliamentarians

[edit]

Current

[edit]

Former

[edit]

Federal

[edit]

South Australia

[edit]
  • John Darley MLC, 2007–2017 (re-elected in 2014, became an independent in 2017)[20]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Centre Alliance". Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  2. ^ Adam Gartrell (15 January 2016). "Nick Xenophon's plan to build a new political force is faltering". Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  3. ^ MacLennan, Leah (10 April 2018). "Nick Xenophon's federal party drops his name". ABC News. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  4. ^ Podcast mpegmedia.abc.net.au March 2018 Archived 13 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Wroe, David (27 June 2016). "Brexit, Trump... Xenophon? Australia's modest populist backlash". smh.com.au. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  6. ^ "Turnbull must contain populists to win the battle of ideas". The Australian. 9 August 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  7. ^ Berg, Chris; Roskam, John (10 July 2016). "Populism is not a dirty word". Institute of Public Affairs Australia. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  8. ^ "Centre Alliance Party". ISideWith. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  9. ^ "Senators argue territories euthanasia bill". Australian Associated Press. 14 August 2018. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2018 – via SBS News.
  10. ^ Karp, Paul (15 August 2018). "Euthanasia bill defeated in the Senate after senators reverse position". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  11. ^ "First Preferences By Group | SA". Australian Electoral Commission. 18 October 2013. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  12. ^ "Governance". Nxt.org.au. Archived from the original on 28 February 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  13. ^ "Legislative Council state summary". www.ecsa.sa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  14. ^ "Legislative Council state summary". Ecsa.sa.gov.au. 17 April 2014. Archived from the original on 12 March 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  15. ^ Smith, Matt (5 March 2017). "Nick Xenophon launching new South Australian party called SA Best". Sunday Mail. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  16. ^ Opie, Rebecca (5 March 2017). "Nick Xenophon launches SA Best party for 2018 South Australian election". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  17. ^ "Register of political parties". Electoral Commission of South Australia. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  18. ^ Harmsen, Nick (17 August 2017). "Darley quits NXT to avoid expulsion, labels Xenophon 'a complete dictator'". ABC News. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  19. ^ "SA Xenophon MP splits with Nick". Australian Associated Press. 17 August 2017. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2018 – via SBS News.
  20. ^ a b "Darley quits NXT to avoid expulsion, labels Xenophon 'a complete dictator'". ABC News. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  21. ^ "Change to Register - Nick Xenophon – Name, abbreviation and logo" (PDF). Register of Political Parties. Australian Electoral Commission. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
  22. ^ "Application withdrawn - Nick Xenophon Team" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. 9 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018. On 9 April 2018, Gabrielle Paten, Assistant Commissioner, as a delegate of the Electoral Commission for the purposes of s 134 of the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, approved the Nick Xenophon Team withdrawing the application to change the Party's name, to register an abbreviation, and to change the Party's logo in the Register of Political Parties.
  23. ^ Richardson, Tom (10 April 2018). "NICK OFF: Xenophon dropped in radical NXT rebrand". InDaily. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  24. ^ Paten, Gabrielle (7 May 2018). "Register of Political Parties" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 7 May 2018.[dead link]
  25. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Centre Alliance. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2018. Q. Why did you change your name from the Nick Xenophon Team to Centre Alliance? A. Nick Xenophon is no longer involved with the party so it was appropriate to change the party name to a name that reflects the common sense centrist approach the party takes when tackling issues.
  26. ^ "Application to change the Register of Political Parties Nick Xenophon Team" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. 8 June 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  27. ^ "REX GOES INDEPENDENT". Rex Patrick. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  28. ^ "SIC' EM REX! REX PATRICK TEAM STEPS INTO THE POLITICAL BATTLE". Rex Patrick. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  29. ^ Wroe, David (9 December 2016). "Revealed: Senator Nick Xenophon, the staffer and the national security leak". The Maitland Mercury. Fairfax Regional Media. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  30. ^ O'Malley, Nick (3 July 2016). "Election 2016: Meet Jamie Briggs slayer Rebekha Sharkie". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  31. ^ Evans, Simon (3 July 2016). "New Nick Xenophon MP Rebekha Sharkie says she no one-term wonder". Australian Financial Review. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  32. ^ Hyland, Anne (11 June 2016). "Rebekha Sharkie puts the election bite on Jamie Briggs". Australian Financial Review. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  33. ^ Visentin, Lisa (5 October 2020). "University funding reforms set to pass after Centre Alliance confirms support". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  34. ^ Richardson, Tom (21 October 2015). "The power behind the Xenophon throne". InDaily. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024.
  35. ^ a b Richardson, Tom (22 October 2015). "Xenophon party promises no egomaniacs, no academics". Crikey. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024.
  36. ^ a b "Xenophon's business hit squad". The Australian. 27 November 2015. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  37. ^ Bourke, Latika (6 April 2015). "Subs backlash: Nick Xenophon sets sights on Liberal-held seats in Adelaide". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  38. ^ "Candidates for the 2016 federal election". Australian Electoral Commission. 8 August 2016. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  39. ^ a b c Gartrell, Adam (14 January 2016). "Nick Xenophon is South Australia's most popular pollie but his bid to go national is faltering". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  40. ^ Colangelo, Anthony (25 January 2016). "Nick Xenophon Team beats Labor in SA: poll". The New Daily. The New Daily.
  41. ^ "Nick Xenophon Team (NXT) increases support in South Australia while L-NP well in front in NSW and ALP holds solid lead in Victoria". Roy Morgan. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  42. ^ Hartcher, Peter (29 January 2016). "As Clive Palmer falls, Nick Xenophon soars". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024.
  43. ^ "Federal Voting Intention unchanged: L-NP 52.5% maintain clear 2PP lead over ALP 47.5%". Roy Morgan.
  44. ^ "Double dissolution could mean six Senate seats for Nick Xenophon". The Advertiser.
  45. ^ Green, Antony. "Federal Election Preview: South Australia". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024.
  46. ^ Manser, Emma (28 October 2015). "PM's Team Xenophon trepidation". The New Daily.
  47. ^ a b "Candidate 'courts Hanson vote'". The Australian. 23 February 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  48. ^ "Election 2016: Martin Hamilton-Smith scathing of Liberal Jamie Briggs as he backs Nick Xenophon Team". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2 July 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2016.
  49. ^ Dziedzic, Stephen (30 June 2016). "Election 2016: Malcolm Turnbull targets Lambie, Xenophon, Lazarus and Hanson in final pitch". Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  50. ^ "Federal election 2016: Nick Xenophon's claim over tenant limit". The Australian. 16 June 2016.
  51. ^ "Federal election 2016: Xenophon, his donor and the Timor tie-up". The Australian. 24 May 2016.
  52. ^ "Divisions | South Australia". results.aec.gov.au. Australian Electoral Commission. 19 December 2007. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  53. ^ Green, Antony. "Barker | Federal Election 2016". Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2016 – via Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  54. ^ Green, Antony. "Grey | Federal Election 2016". Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2016 – via Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  55. ^ "2016 Federal Election - AEC Tally Room". Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  56. ^ "Senators elected". Australian Electoral Commission. 9 August 2016. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024.
  57. ^ Maiden, Samantha (9 July 2016). "Nick Xenophon reveals his 2016 election budget hits $1m". Archived from the original on 29 June 2018.
  58. ^ Boisvert, Eugene (7 September 2018). "Skye Kakoschke-Moore preselected for Centre Alliance Senate spot, ruling out Nick Xenophon return". ABC News. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  59. ^ Strathearn, Peri (15 October 2018). "Centre Alliance's Kelly Gladigau to oppose Liberal MP Tony Pasin at federal election". The Murray Valley Standard. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  60. ^ Jonscher, Samantha (23 November 2018). "Andrea Broadfoot recontesting Grey after tight 2016 election". ABC News. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  61. ^ Green, Antony. "Mayo (Key Seat) - Federal Election 2019". Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024 – via ABC News.
  62. ^ Green, Antony. "Mayo (Key Seat) - Federal Election 2022". Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024 – via ABC News.
  63. ^ Green, Antony. "Federal Election Senate: South Australia". Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024 – via ABC News.
  64. ^ a b Green, Antony. "Senate Results". Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024 – via ABC News. Party Summary: Ex-Nick Xenophon Team Senators Rex Patrick and Stirling Griff have been defeated (-2), replaced by the Greens (+1) and a third Liberal Senator (+1).
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