Cannabis in Eswatini

Cannabis in Eswatini (Swaziland) is a traditional crop called insangu in Swazi.^[1] The plant is subject to drug control and remains illegal in almost all cases.

The local traditional plant variety (Cannabis strain) is known as "Swazi gold"; it is often bioprospected^[2] and commands a high price due to its reputation for potency,^[1] making it a genetic resource at risk of biopiracy.^[3]

History and Culture

History

Arrived centuries ago, Cannabis has a long history in eSwatini, with early archaeological evidence dating back around 1200 CE after Arab merchants brought the plant from Asia.^[2]

Culture

Besides being illicit, Cannabis remains widely grown in the country, and used for a variety of purposes. In 2006, a report of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime recognized eSwatini as one of the major producers in Southern Africa.^{[citation needed]}

Illicit trade

Reportedly, Nigerian criminal syndicates are involved in the trade, with the best-quality cannabis being sent to Europe via South Africa and Mozambique.^[4]^[5]

Legislation

Reform

In 2017, a group of Members of Parliament announced that legalizing cannabis in eSwatini could add US$1.63 billion to the economy, potentially tripling the Gross Domestic Product.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b IRIN | Growing marijuana to make ends meet in Swaziland
^ ^a ^b Duvall, Chris S. (2019). The African Roots of Marijuana. Duke University Press. pp. 26, 219. ISBN 978-1-4780-0453-0.
^ Duvall, Chris S. (2016-01-02). "Drug laws, bioprospecting and the agricultural heritage of Cannabis in Africa". Space and Polity. 20 (1): 10–25. doi:10.1080/13562576.2016.1138674. ISSN 1356-2576.
^ Africa: As Marijuana Growing Expands, Swaziland Begins to Ponder Hemp | StoptheDrugWar.org
^ A potential high for Swaziland economy. IOL.co.za; 25 August 2013
^ Dagga to Pump In E23Bn if Legalised. Swazi Observer, 2017-10-20

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[autogenerated1-1] IRIN | Growing marijuana to make ends meet in Swaziland

[:0-2] Duvall, Chris S. (2019). The African Roots of Marijuana. Duke University Press. pp. 26, 219. ISBN 978-1-4780-0453-0.

[3] Duvall, Chris S. (2016-01-02). "Drug laws, bioprospecting and the agricultural heritage of Cannabis in Africa". Space and Polity. 20 (1): 10–25. doi:10.1080/13562576.2016.1138674. ISSN 1356-2576.

[4] Africa: As Marijuana Growing Expands, Swaziland Begins to Ponder Hemp | StoptheDrugWar.org

[5] A potential high for Swaziland economy. IOL.co.za; 25 August 2013

[6] Dagga to Pump In E23Bn if Legalised. Swazi Observer, 2017-10-20

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