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Bryconops piracolina

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Bryconops piracolina
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Characiformes
Family: Iguanodectidae
Genus: Bryconops
Species:
B. piracolina
Binomial name
Bryconops piracolina

Bryconops piracolina is a small fish that inhabits the waters of Brazil. It is slender and silvery in color, like many fish in Bryconops, but can be distinguished from other members by way of its dorsal fin, which has a black patch of color extending up from the fin-base; congeners usually have light pigment in the dorsal fin, or a brighter color (as in the orangefin tetra, B. affinis).

Its specific epithet, piracolina, is in reference to the stream where it was found, the Igarapé Piracolina (which is located in the Río Madeira basin).

Description

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Bryconops piracolina reaches a maximum of roughly 7.1cm (2.8 in) in standard length (excluding the tail fin).[2] This places it slightly to the smaller side of the genus Bryconops as a whole.[3] Its dorsal fin sports pigmentation along the base that streaks away from the body, which is a unique feature that can be used to distinguish it from its congeners.[2] It lacks humeral spots, which is another distinguishing feature, and its adipose fin is entirely black.[4] The lattermost aspect is shared with Bryconops inpai and Bryconops munduruku, but these two are dissimilar to B. piracolina in many ways.[5][6] Its slender body shape and general silver coloration are otherwise common aspects.

When a specimen is preserved in alcohol, the scattered black chromatophores (pigment cells) on its face, head, and upper jaw become more evident, though they have little impact on overall coloration.[5] Its lateral line also becomes much clearer, manifesting as a bold, dark stripe against scales that turn a yellowish-brown.[4] The lateral line scales themselves are pored only to the end of the hypural plate, the plate that joins the fish's tail to its body.[2]

Taxonomy

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Bryconops piracolina, upon being named in 2011, was assigned to the subgenus Bryconops.[5] It has fewer teeth than is necessary on the maxilla (one to three teeth on both sides) for assignment to the other subgenus, Creatochanes.[7] As with the rest of Bryconops, it was once considered a member of the family Characidae, but research in 2011 moved Bryconops to the family Iguanodectidae, alongside the genera Iguanodectes and Piabucus.[8][9]

Bryconops piracolina has no known scientific synonyms, having retained its original name.[10][11] It also has no widely-accepted common names,[12] though "Piracolina tetra" has been suggested as a result of its type locality. (The specific epithet "piracolina" originates from the Igarapé Piracolina, where B. piracolina was first described.)[13] Members of Bryconops are but a handful of fish often referred to as "tetras"; examples include B. affinis (the orangefin tetra),[14] B. caudomaculatus (the tailspot tetra),[15] and B. melanurus (the tail-light tetra).[16]

Distribution and ecology

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As is reflected in the specific epithet, B. piracolina was first cited from the Igarapé Piracolina (or Piracolina Creek in English), a small stream that flows into the Rio Machado located in Vilhena, Rondônia, Brazil.[5] In turn, the Río Machado is a tributary of the Río Madeira.[17] There is evidence to suggest that B. piracolina is endemic to the area, along with several other species therein.[17] Endemism is a trait known from tributaries of the Río Machado, though in a somewhat limited capacity.[18]

The Igarapé Piracolina itself is a clear-water creek with a fast current and sandy substrate.[18] Its width ranges from 1-3 m (about 3-10 ft), and depth from 0.3-1.5 m (1-5 ft).[17] The Piracolina and its tributaries are surrounded by cultivated farmland, largely soy and corn, with very little riparian vegetation.[19]

Conservation status

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Though little is known of population trends and environmental threats, B. piracolina is considered a species of least concern by the IUCN.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). 2022. Bryconops piracolina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T134696024A134696035. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T134696024A134696035.pt. Accessed on 05 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Bryconops piracolina". FishBase. November 2022 version.
  3. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Bryconops". FishBase. November 2022 version.
  4. ^ a b "Bryconops piracolina, Wingert & Malabarba, 2011". Plazi TreatmentBank. Plazi. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d Wingert, Juliana M.; Malabarba, Luiz R. (2011). "A new species of Bryconops (Teleostei: Characidae) from the rio Madeira basin, Northern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 9 (3): 471–476. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252011000300002. hdl:10183/81588. ISSN 1679-6225.
  6. ^ Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison; Canto, André Luiz C.; Ribeiro, Frank Raynner V. (30 July 2015). "Bryconops munduruku (Characiformes: Characidae), a new species of fish from the lower Tapajós River basin, Brazil". Zootaxa. 3994 (1): 133–141. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3994.1.7. PMID 26250264 – via ResearchGate.
  7. ^ Chernoff, Barry; Machado-Allison, Antonio (31 December 2005). "Bryconops". doi:10.5281/zenodo.6265593. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ Bailly, Nicolas (17 April 2015). "WoRMS taxon details - Iguanodectidae Eigenmann, 1909". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  9. ^ Oliveira, Claudio; Avelino, Gleisy S.; Abe, Kelly T.; Mariguela, Tatiane C.; Benine, Ricardo C.; Ortí, Guillermo; Vari, Richard P.; Corrêa e Castro, Ricardo M. (December 2011). "Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 275. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-275. PMC 3190395. PMID 21943181. S2CID 974820.
  10. ^ Bailly, Nicolas (4 July 2017). "WoRMS taxon details - Bryconops piracolina Wingert & Malabarba, 2011". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  11. ^ Bryconops piracolina Wingert & Malabarba, 2011 in GBIF Secretariat (2021). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2022-11-06.
  12. ^ "Bryconops piracolina Wingert & Malabarba 2011 Names". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  13. ^ Scharpf, Christopher; Lazara, Kenneth J. (15 September 2020). "Order CHARACIFORMES: Families IGUANODECTIDAE, TRIPORTHEIDAE, BRYCONIDAE, CHALCEIDAE and GASTEROPELECIDAE". The ETYFish Project. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  14. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Bryconops affinis". FishBase. November 2022 version.
  15. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Bryconops caudomaculatus". FishBase. November 2022 version.
  16. ^ Dawes, John (2001). Complete Encyclopedia of the Freshwater Aquarium (1st ed.). New York: Firefly Books. p. 195. ISBN 9781552975442. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
  17. ^ a b c Loeb, Marina Vianna; Ohara, Willian Massaharu (27 April 2022). "Fish fauna of moderate altitude from first order stream in upper Rio Machado, Rondônia, Brazil". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 62: e202262028. doi:10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.028. S2CID 248465588. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  18. ^ a b Ohara, Willian M.; Lima, Flávio. C.T. (13 June 2015). "Hyphessobrycon lucenorum (Characiformes: Characidae), a new species from the rio Madeira basin, Rondônia State, Brazil". Zootaxa. 3972 (4): 562–572. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3972.4.7. hdl:20.500.12733/8997. PMID 26249511. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  19. ^ Bockmann, Flávio A.; Reis, Roberto E. (4 June 2021). "Two new, remarkably colored species of the Neotropical catfish genus Cetopsorhamdia Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916 (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) from Chapada dos Parecis, western Brazil, with an assessment of the morphological characters bearing on their phylogenetic relationships". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 61: e20216156. doi:10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.56. hdl:10923/20262. S2CID 236226384. Retrieved 6 November 2022.
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