Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument

Significant dates

Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
U.S. Historic district Contributing property
U.S. National Monument

The A.G. Gaston Motel is included in the monument.
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Location	Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Coordinates	33°30′55″N 86°48′53″W / 33.51528°N 86.81472°W / 33.51528; -86.81472
Area	18.25 acres (7.39 ha)
Website	Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
Part of	Birmingham Civil Rights District (ID06000940)
Added to NRHP	October 19, 2006
Designated NMON	January 12, 2017^[1]

The Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument is a United States National Monument in Birmingham, Alabama established in 2017 to preserve and commemorate the work of the 1963 Birmingham campaign, its Children's Crusade, and other Civil Rights Movement events and actions. The monument is administered by the National Park Service.^[2] Civil rights protesters took to the streets of Birmingham, Alabama to fight in favor of Project C, a campaign against laws limiting African Americans freedoms. They were met with violent resistance from the police.

History

[edit]

President Barack Obama signed a proclamation on January 12, 2017, which designated half of the Birmingham Civil Rights District as a U.S. National Monument. The purpose of this proclamation was to protect the history that came from the Reconstruction, tell stories, and illustrate how the Era redefined freedom. Other proclamations signed the same day established the Freedom Riders National Monument in Anniston^[3]^[4] and the Reconstruction Era National Monument in Beaufort County, South Carolina.^[5]

Scope

[edit]

Birmingham was the site of the 1963 Birmingham campaign; Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail; the Children's Crusade, with its images of students being attacked by water hoses and dogs; the bombing of the A.G. Gaston Motel – the movement's headquarters motel, now designated as part of the National Monument; and the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing.

Most of the national monument resides within the larger 36-acre (15 ha) Birmingham Civil Rights District, which was designated in 1992 by the City of Birmingham. Historic sites within the monument include the A.G. Gaston Motel, 16th Street Baptist Church, Kelly Ingram Park, and St. Paul United Methodist Church. The National Monument also includes the historic building of Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham's Collegeville neighborhood.^[6]

References

[edit]

^ Proclamation 9565: Establishment of the Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument . January 12, 2017 – via Wikisource.
^ Pres. Obama signs executive order establishing Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument Archived 2017-10-07 at the Wayback Machine. WBRC, 11 January 2017
^ Edgemon, Erin (January 12, 2017). "President Obama signs proclamation creating Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument". The Birmingham News. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
^ Obama, Barack (January 12, 2017). "Presidential Proclamations -- Establishment of the Freedom Riders National Monument". The White House, Office of the Press Secretary. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
^ "FACT SHEET: President Obama Designates National Monuments Honoring Civil Rights History". whitehouse.gov. January 12, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2017 – via National Archives.
^ "President Obama signs proclamation creating Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument". al. January 13, 2017. Retrieved June 19, 2021.

External links

[edit]

Civil rights movement (1954–1968)

Events
(timeline)

Prior to 1954	Journey of Reconciliation Executive Order 9981 Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore Sweatt v. Painter (1950) McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) Baton Rouge bus boycott
1954–1959	Brown v. Board of Education Bolling v. Sharpe Briggs v. Elliott Davis v. Prince Edward County Gebhart v. Belton Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company Emmett Till Montgomery bus boycott Browder v. Gayle Tallahassee bus boycott Mansfield school desegregation 1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom "Give Us the Ballot" Royal Ice Cream sit-in Little Rock Nine Cooper v. Aaron Civil Rights Act of 1957 Ministers' Manifesto Katz Drug Store sit-in Kissing Case Biloxi wade-ins
1960–1963	New Year's Day March Sit-in movement Greensboro sit-ins Nashville sit-ins Sibley Commission Atlanta sit-ins Savannah Protest Movement Greenville Eight Civil Rights Act of 1960 Ax Handle Saturday Gomillion v. Lightfoot Boynton v. Virginia University of Georgia desegregation riot Rock Hill sit-ins Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address Freedom Rides Anniston bombing Birmingham attack Garner v. Louisiana Albany Movement Cambridge movement University of Chicago sit-ins "Second Emancipation Proclamation" Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot Atlanta's Berlin Wall "Segregation now, segregation forever" Stand in the Schoolhouse Door 1963 Birmingham campaign Letter from Birmingham Jail Children's Crusade Birmingham riot 16th Street Baptist Church bombing John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights Detroit Walk to Freedom March on Washington "I Have a Dream" Big Six St. Augustine movement
1964–1968	Twenty-fourth Amendment Chester school protests Bloody Tuesday 1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests Freedom Summer workers' murders Civil Rights Act of 1964 Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States Katzenbach v. McClung 1964–1965 Scripto strike 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches "How Long, Not Long" Voting Rights Act of 1965 Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections March Against Fear White House Conference on Civil Rights Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement Loving v. Virginia Memphis sanitation strike King assassination funeral riots Civil Rights Act of 1968 Poor People's Campaign Green v. County School Board of New Kent County Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. 1968 Olympics Black Power salute

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