Berel kurgan

Berel
	-500 SAKAS Tasmola Kulay Goro-; khovo Itkul Sargat Ananyino; culture Massagetae Sauro-; matians Mumun Dian; culture SABEANS Ordos; culture Sha-; jing Pazyryk Tagar Chandman Aldy-Bel YUEZHI Subeshi ACHAEMENID EMPIRE MAHA-; JANAPADAS ZHOU; DYNASTY Slab-grave; culture DONGHU MEROË Scythians class=notpageimage\| Location of Berel (), with contemporary cultures in the 6th century BCE
Geographical range	South Siberia
Dates	5-3rd centuries BCE
Major sites	49°22′24″N 86°26′17″E / 49.3732082°N 86.4380264°E
Preceded by	Karasuk culture
Followed by	Aldy-Bel culture, Pazyryk culture, Tagar culture

Berel kurgan^[1] is an archaeological site in the Katonkaragay District in eastern Kazakhstan. The site is located near the village of Berel. At this site, numerous 5th-3rd century BCE Early Saka kurgans were found.^[1] ^[3]

The excavations have revealed artefacts the sophistication of which are encouraging a revaluation of the nomadic cultures of the 5th to 3rd centuries BCE.^[4] The Kurgans contained vast quantities of precious golden jewelry.^[5]

Horses were buried in the kurgans next to their owner, and were lavishly decorated.^[6]

Griffins burial mound Berel (5th-3rd centuries BCE) Kazakhstan.JPG
Catlike predator with protomas of two elk burial mound Berel (IV.-III. B.C.) Kazakhstan.^[7]
Scene of torment burial mound Berel (5-3rd centuries BCE) Kazakhstan.^[7]
Deer in Griffin's beak, burial mound Berel (4-3rd centuries BCE) Kazakstan.
Tigergriffin arthor work based on Scytian- saka animal style burial mound Berel (5-3rd centuries BCE) Kazakstan.
Decorated horse from the Berel kurgan (reconstruction).^[6]^[8]
Griffin-Shaped Coffin Nail (replica), 4th-3rd century BCE. Gilt Bronze. Berel Kugan, East Kazakhstan. National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan.^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Panyushkina, Irina P; Slyusarenko, Igor Y; Sala, Renato; Deom, Jean-Marc; Toleubayev, Abdesh T (March 2016). "Calendar Age of the Baigetobe Kurgan from the Iron Age Saka Cemetery in Shilikty Valley, Kazakhstan". Radiocarbon. 58 (1): 157–167. doi:10.1017/RDC.2015.15. hdl:10150/628658.
^ Image file with complete data, Amir, Saltanat; Roberts, Rebecca C. (2023). "The Saka 'Animal Style' in Context: Material, Technology, Form and Use". Arts. 12: 23. doi:10.3390/arts12010023.
^ Zhumatayev, Rinat (1 January 2013). "Royal Mound Baygetobe from the Burial Ground Shilikty". International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering.
^ Wilford, John Noble (12 March 2012). "Artifacts Show Sophistication of Ancient Nomads". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-03-01.
^ Francfort, Henri-Paul (2002). "Images du combat contre le sanglier en Asie centrale (3 ème au 1 er millénaire av. J.-C.)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 16: 118. ISSN 0890-4464. Ainsi des bractrées d'or à l'effigie du sanglier qui étaient fixées aux vêtements ont été découvertes dans les Kourganes du 6eme siècle de Chilikti (Kazakhstan oriental) et d'Arzhan-2 (Touva)
^ ^a ^b Andreeva, Petya V. (23 February 2023). "Glittering Bodies: The Politics of Mortuary Self-Fashioning in Eurasian Nomadic Cultures (700 BCE-200 BCE)". Fashion Theory. 27 (2): 189 Fig.7. doi:10.1080/1362704X.2021.1991133.
^ ^a ^b "International exhibition of original artifacts «Scythian gold»" (PDF). 2017: 92–97. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ People with animals: perspectives & studies in ethnozooarchaeology. Oxbow Books. 2016. ISBN 978-1-78570-247-1.
^ "황금인간의 땅, 카자흐스탄:국립중앙박물관". www.museum.go.kr.

[Pan-1] Panyushkina, Irina P; Slyusarenko, Igor Y; Sala, Renato; Deom, Jean-Marc; Toleubayev, Abdesh T (March 2016). "Calendar Age of the Baigetobe Kurgan from the Iron Age Saka Cemetery in Shilikty Valley, Kazakhstan". Radiocarbon. 58 (1): 157–167. doi:10.1017/RDC.2015.15. hdl:10150/628658.

[2] Image file with complete data, Amir, Saltanat; Roberts, Rebecca C. (2023). "The Saka 'Animal Style' in Context: Material, Technology, Form and Use". Arts. 12: 23. doi:10.3390/arts12010023.

[3] Zhumatayev, Rinat (1 January 2013). "Royal Mound Baygetobe from the Burial Ground Shilikty". International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering.

[4] Wilford, John Noble (12 March 2012). "Artifacts Show Sophistication of Ancient Nomads". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-03-01.

[5] Francfort, Henri-Paul (2002). "Images du combat contre le sanglier en Asie centrale (3 ème au 1 er millénaire av. J.-C.)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 16: 118. ISSN 0890-4464. Ainsi des bractrées d'or à l'effigie du sanglier qui étaient fixées aux vêtements ont été découvertes dans les Kourganes du 6eme siècle de Chilikti (Kazakhstan oriental) et d'Arzhan-2 (Touva)

[PA-6] Andreeva, Petya V. (23 February 2023). "Glittering Bodies: The Politics of Mortuary Self-Fashioning in Eurasian Nomadic Cultures (700 BCE-200 BCE)". Fashion Theory. 27 (2): 189 Fig.7. doi:10.1080/1362704X.2021.1991133.

[cat-7] "International exhibition of original artifacts «Scythian gold»" (PDF). 2017: 92–97. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[8] People with animals: perspectives & studies in ethnozooarchaeology. Oxbow Books. 2016. ISBN 978-1-78570-247-1.

[9] "황금인간의 땅, 카자흐스탄:국립중앙박물관". www.museum.go.kr.

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