1894 Belgian general election

1894 Belgian general election

14 October 1894 (1894-10-14)
All 152 seats in the Chamber of Representatives 77 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party   Leader Jules de Burlet Grégoire Serwy Party Catholic Labour Leader since Candidate for PM 1893 Seats before 92 seats 0 seats Seats won 102 27 Seat change 10 27 Popular vote 926,987 301,940 Percentage 56.38% 18.36%   Third party Fourth party   Leader N/A Party Liberal LSK Leader since N/A Seats before 60 seats New Seats won 17 4 Seat change 43 New Popular vote 515,808 32,914 Percentage 31.37% 2.00%
Government before election de Burlet Catholic Government after election de Burlet Catholic

Full general elections were held in Belgium on 14 October 1894, with run-off elections held on 21 October 1894.

The elections followed several major reforms: they were the first held under universal male suffrage for those over the age of 25. This followed the abolition of tax qualifications, and increased the number of voters tenfold. Voting was also made compulsory. Provincial senators were introduced in addition to the existing directly elected ones.

The electoral reforms were implemented in 1893 under the Catholic government led by Auguste Beernaert, who had been in power for nearly ten years, but who resigned because his proposal for proportional representation was rejected. A government led by Jules de Burlet took over in March 1894.

The result was a victory for the Catholic Party, which won all seats in every Flemish arrondissement, in Brussels and in seven rural Walloon arrondissements, giving a total of 104 of the 152 seats in the Chamber of Representatives. The Belgian Labour Party gained parliamentary representation for the first time, winning all seats of Mons, Soignies, Charleroi, Verviers, 6 seats in Liège and one in Namur. Meanwhile, the Liberal Party, despite receiving more votes than the socialists, won only 20 seats and thus lost two-thirds of its seats. This was caused by the concentration of socialists in industrial Walloon areas, compared to the dispersed presence of liberal voters throughout the country. This highlighted the need for a proportional system, which would eventually be introduced in 1899.

Results

Chamber of Representatives

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Catholic Party	926,987	50.05	102	+10
	Liberal Party	515,808	27.85	17	–43
	Belgian Labour Party	301,940	16.30	27	+27
	Liberal–Socialist kartels	32,914	1.78	4	New
	Christene Volkspartij	26,224	1.42	1	+1
	Other parties	48,354	2.61	1	+1
Total		1,852,227	100.00	152	0
Valid votes		1,644,204	96.00
Invalid/blank votes		68,463	4.00
Total votes		1,712,667	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		2,085,605	82.12
Source: Belgian Elections

Senate

76 senators (half the number of representatives) were directly elected and 26 senators were chosen by the provincial councils, giving a total of 102 senators.

Party		Votes	%
	Catholic Party	597,184	52.48
	Liberal Party	495,288	43.53
	Liberal Party–Socialist cartels	28,812	2.53
	Belgian Labour Party	16,535	1.45
Total		1,137,819	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		1,148,433	–
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Constituencies

The distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate. There were no changes in districts and seat distribution compared to the previous election, except for the introduction of provincial senators.

Province	Arrondissement	Chamber	Won by	Senate	Won by
Antwerp	Antwerp	11	Catholics	5	Catholics
	Mechelen	4	Catholics	2	Catholics
	Turnhout	3	Catholics	2	Catholics
	Elected by the provincial council			3	Catholics
Limburg	Hasselt	3	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Maaseik	1	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Tongeren	2	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Elected by the provincial council			2	Catholics
East Flanders	Aalst	4	Catholics	2	Catholics
	Oudenaarde	3	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Gent	9	Catholics	4	Catholics
	Eeklo	1	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Dendermonde	3	Catholics	2	Catholics
	Sint-Niklaas	4	Catholics	2	Catholics
	Elected by the provincial council			3	Catholics
West Flanders	Bruges	3	Catholics	2	Catholics
	Roeselare	2	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Tielt	2	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Kortrijk	4	Catholics	2	Catholics
	Ypres	3	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Veurne	1	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Diksmuide	1	Catholics
	Ostend	2	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Elected by the provincial council			3	Catholics
Brabant	Leuven	6	Catholics	3	Catholics
	Brussels	18	Catholics	9	Catholics
	Nivelles	4	Liberals (3), Catholics (1)	2	Liberals
	Elected by the provincial council			4	Catholics
Hainaut	Tournai	4	Catholics	2	Catholics
	Ath	2	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Charleroi	8	Socialists	4	Liberals
	Thuin	3	Liberals	1	Liberals
	Mons	6	Socialists	3	Liberals
	Soignies	3	Socialists	2	Liberals
	Elected by the provincial council			4	Liberals (2), Socialists (2)
Liège	Huy	2	Liberals	1	Liberals
	Waremme	2	Catholics	1	Liberals
	Liège	11	Socialists (6), Liberals (5)	5	Liberals
	Verviers	4	Socialists	2	Liberals (1), Catholics (1)
	Elected by the provincial council			3	Liberals
Luxembourg	Arlon	1	Liberals	1	Liberals
	Virton	1	Liberals
	Marche	1	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Bastogne	1	Catholics
	Neufchâteau	1	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Elected by the provincial council			2	Catholics
Namur	Namur	4	Liberals (3), Socialists (1)	2	Liberals
	Dinant	2	Catholics	1	Catholics
	Philippeville	2	Liberals	1	Liberals
	Elected by the provincial council			2	Catholics
		152		76+26