Battle for Hill 3234
| Battle for Hill 3234 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Soviet–Afghan War | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
Supported by: Republic Of Afghanistan |
 Haqqani Network Pakistan | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Mohammad Najibullah |
Jalaluddin Haqqani | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
Unknown |
200–400 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
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The Battle for Hill 3234 (Russian: Бой у высоты 3234, romanized: Boy u vysoty 3234) was a successful defensive battle fought by the 9th Company of the 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment, Soviet Airborne Troops, part of Operation Magistral, supported by the Afghan Army’s 15th Tank Brigade, 8th, 11th, 12th, 214th, 25th Infantry Division and the 37th Commando Battalion, in Afghanistan against a force of some 250 Mujahideen rebels who were supported by several Pakistani mercenaries[2][3] in early January 1988. Two of the soldiers killed, Vyacheslav Aleksandrov and Andrey Melnikov, were posthumously awarded the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. All of the paratroopers in this battle were given the Order of the Red Banner and Order of the Red Star.[1]
Background
[edit]In November 1987, the Soviet 40th Army under General Boris Gromov began Operation Magistral to open the road from Gardez to Khost near the Pakistani border. Khost had been cut off for months by mujahideen led by Jalaluddin Haqqani and had to be resupplied by air. Negotiations were undertaken with the local Jadran tribe as well as with Haqqani. These talks did not succeed, mostly due to the unshakable resolution of Haqqani who wanted to control the city as the core of his independent Afghan state and as a base for future incursions deeper into the country. Before the operation, there was also a widespread propaganda campaign, with a special radio station set up, calling on the Jadran people to cease supporting the mujahideen and leave the combat areas.
Even during the negotiations, a detailed operation plan was formed and the required forces put on alert. After talks finally collapsed, the offensive was set in motion. The operation involved the 108th and 201st Motor Rifle Divisions, as well as the 103rd Guards Airborne Division, the 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment, and the 56th Separate Air Assault Brigade. They were supported by five infantry divisions and a tank division of the Afghan government. Prior intelligence and aerial reconnaissance had identified a number of important fortified rebel held sites on the road between Kabul and Khost. Fortifications included a minefield with mines about 3 km deep, 10 BM-21 rocket launchers, numerous anti-aircraft guns and DShK heavy machine gun positions, recoilless guns, mortars, and RPGs. The rebels were well prepared for defense and made the main pass and the surrounding hills impenetrable. The Soviet command was aware that a direct attack would be suicidal and therefore decided to trick the rebels into revealing their positions. On 28 October 1987, a feint landing was made in the areas controlled by the mujahideen, throwing dressed up mannequins from the air. Due to this, a reconnaissance aircraft was able to transmit the coordinates of rebel positions to the air force and after several air strikes and a four-hour-long artillery barrage, Operation Magistral began.[4]
Battle
[edit]As the operation went on, Soviet commanders wanted to secure the entire section of the road from Gardez to Khost. One of the most important points was the nameless hill designated by its height of 3,234 metres (10,610 ft), which was assigned to the 9th company of the 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment led by Colonel Valery Vostrotin. The 39 man company landed on the hilltop on 7 January 1988, tasked with creating and holding a hilltop strong point from which to observe and control a long section of the road beneath and thus secure it for the safe passage of convoys.[citation needed]
Shortly after landing, the airborne troopers, who were well trained and experienced in Afghan conditions, started to take up positions which covered both the road and the uphill passages. Just as they had dug in, the mujahideen began their attack at 15:30 local time. The first wave included the use of recoilless guns and RPGs. After which, Soviet artillery replied, directed by the commander of the first platoon, Lt. Viktor Gagarin, via a radio. When rebel fire decreased, it was reasoned that it was the beginning of an infantry assault.[citation needed]
The airborne troopers were attacked by a coordinated and well-armed force of between 200 and 250 mujahideen from two directions, indicating that the assailants may have been assisted by rebels trained in Pakistan. During the ensuing battle, the Soviet unit remained in communication with headquarters and received support from the command of the 40th Army in terms of artillery support, ammunition, reinforcements, and the eventual helicopter evacuation of the wounded.[5]
The first attack on 7 January was followed by eleven more attacks until just before dawn on 8 January when the mujahideen retreated after suffering severe casualties, leaving Hill 3234 in the hands of the Soviet paratroopers. The exhausted and mostly wounded Soviets were nearly out of ammunition but continued to occupy the hill until the last convoy passed through the road below. These attacks continued until the following morning, at which point the Soviets were almost out of ammunition, had lost six paratroopers, and had another 28 wounded, 9 of them gravely.[6]
Casualties
[edit]Soviet Union
[edit]The Soviet forces lost (KIA) 6 men out of 39. The vast majority of the unit became casualties, with 28 of the remaining 33 being wounded in action. Two of the soldiers killed, Vyacheslav Alexandrovich Alexandrov and Andrey Alexandrovich Melnikov, were posthumously awarded the golden star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. All of the paratroopers in this battle were given the Order of the Red Banner and Order of the Red Star.[1]
Mujahideen
[edit]According to the Soviet estimates, the Mujahideen lost over 200 men. The Mujahideen wore black uniforms with rectangular black-yellow-red stripes.[1][11] It was alleged by several sources that there were some mercenaries from Pakistan who were coordinating the attack.[12][13][14][15]
Music
[edit]In 2016 Sabaton (band) created a song on their album The Last Stand (Sabaton album) about this battle.
See also
[edit]- The 9th Company, a 2005 Russian war film based on the battle that took place at Hill 3234.
- Battle of Wanat
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g "Клятва тридцати девяти". Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine A. Oliynik. Krasnaya Zvezda, October 29, 1988. (in Russian)
- ^ Battle for Hill 3234
- ^ Grau, Lester W. (2011). "The Battle for Hill 3234: Last Ditch Defense in the Mountains of Afghanistan". The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 24 (2): 217–231. doi:10.1080/13518046.2011.572704. ISSN 1351-8046.
- ^ A.N. Shishko, ‘An airborne battalion seizes the Satukandav Pass’, in Grau, Lester W. The Bear Went Over the Mountain, pp. 60–64.
- ^ Carey Schofield, 'The Russian Elite,' Greenhill/Stackpole, 1993, pp.120–125. ISBN 1-85367-155-X.
- ^ Rodric Braithwaite (6 September 2011). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan 1979-89. Oxford University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-19-991151-6.
- ^ a b "9 рота 345-го отдельного парашютно-десантного полка". The Truth About 9th Company official web site. (in Russian)
- ^ "Утес. 7 января, 16:00–16:30". The Truth About 9th Company official web site.
- ^ "Командир 9 роты, прототип героя песни «Батяня комбат» идет в Госдуму".. www.ura.ru. Russian Information Agency, October 3, 2007. (in Russian)
- ^ Soviet and Russian sources claim about total 39 men and list 38 names only.
- ^ "Афганистан: бой у высоты 3234". Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine D. Meshchaninov. (in Russian)
- ^ Collins, Aukai (2003). My Jihad: One American's Journey Through the World of Usama Bin Laden-- as a Covert Operative for the American Government. Pocket Star Books. ISBN 9780743470599.
- ^ Schofield, Carey (1993). The Russian elite: inside Spetsnaz and the Airborne forces. Greenhill Books/Lionel Leventhal, Limited. ISBN 9781853671555.
- ^ Daily Report: Soviet Union, Volume 88, Issues 94–104. The Service. 1988. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
- ^ Gady, Franz-Stefan; Price, Jay (26 August 2013). "Even as U.S. hands over fight to Afghans, some troops still take fire". McClatchyDC. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
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