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Banku (dish)

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Banku
Balls of banku
Alternative namesAkple, ɛtsew
TypeSwallow
Place of originGhana
Serving temperatureHot
Main ingredientsCorn dough, cassava dough, salt and water

In Ghanaian cuisine, banku and akple (// ⓘ) are swallow dishes made of a slightly fermented cooked mixture of maize and cassava doughs formed into single-serving balls.

Banku is cooked in hot water until it turns into a smooth, whitish paste,[1][2][3] served with soup, okra stew or a pepper sauce with fish.[4][5]

Akple is preferred by the people of the southern regions of Ghana—the Ewe people,[6] the Fante people and the Ga-Dangme—but it is also eaten across other regions in Ghana. Banku is a softer variety eaten by the Ga-Dangme (Ga or Dangbe), while the Fante people also have a drier variant of the dish they call ɛtsew.[1][2][7]

Etymology

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Banku is a distinctively Ga-Dangme term.[8][failed verification] Banku is coined from the Dangbe phrase "ba mi ku". Ba means 'leaf(ves)'. Ku is the generic Ga-Dangbe term for all food of similar texture and prepared in a similar manner. Historically, banku was stored in leaves. The phrase ba mi ku simply means ku in leaves, and has been adulterated over time into banku. There are similar tonal terms with different meaning in the Ga language, such as Inku (for pomade in the Ga-language), Ashanku (for a variant of a plantain fritter called Tatale), and many other names ending in 'ku'.[9][failed verification]

Ingredients and preparation

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The main ingredients for preparing banku are corn flour, cassava, salt and water. Banku and akple are made with similar ingredients.[10][2]

Cassava is peeled, chopped and mixed with corn grains and soaked for a day. The water is poured off and the cassava and maize are milled into a smooth, fine and wet dough. The dough is then fermented for two to five days, depending on temperature.[11][12]

The corn and cassava dough is mixed with water and then boiled. The mixture is stirred gradually until the slurry becomes dough-like again and is then kneaded until it is smooth. Water is added around the "dough-in-pan-island", enough to almost cover the surface. It then needs to be covered well and allowed to boil, ensuring even cooking and steaming of the dough in the covered pan. Next, the dough is kneaded with a spatula to incorporate the water into it until it is smooth.

The process is repeated with centering, watering, and kneading until the dough is soft and evenly cooked. The cooked dough is portioned into small balls.

Banku and akple are traditionally eaten with hands.[13] Akple is usually eaten with an okro (okra) soup known as Fetri Detsi among the Ewes.[14] It can be served with soup, stew or pepper sauce with meat or fish.[12]

[edit]
  • Akple
    Akple
  • Banku and pepper
    Banku and pepper
  • Grilled tilapia with banku
    Grilled tilapia with banku
  • Banku with okro 'okra' stew and crab
    Banku with okro 'okra' stew and crab
  • Banku with fried fish and hot pepper
    Banku with fried fish and hot pepper
  • A ball of akple tied in plastic
    A ball of akple tied in plastic
  • Akple (upper-right) and borbi tadi
    Akple (upper-right) and borbi tadi
  • A woman preparing banku in Ghana
    A woman preparing banku in Ghana
  • Preparing banku
    Preparing banku

References

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  1. ^ a b Haard, N.F. (1999). Fermented Cereals: A Global Perspective. FAO agricultural services bulletin. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 37. ISBN 978-92-5-104296-0.
  2. ^ a b c Briggs, P.; Rushton, K. (2007). Ghana: The Bradt Travel Guide. Bradt Guides. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-84162-205-7.
  3. ^ Muyambo, Freda (2019-06-25). "Banku". 196 flavors. Retrieved 2021-05-15.
  4. ^ online reference, by J Dzeagu-Kudjodji and others ;"Banku". Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  5. ^ "How to prepare Banku". Ghana Web. 13 December 2017. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  6. ^ (1) A Grammatical Sketch of the Akra or Ga-language - By Johannes Zimmermann, (2) Online Reference By J DZeagu-Kudjodji and Others.[page needed]
  7. ^ "Banku". ifood.tv/. Future Today Inc. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  8. ^ "AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Ga people". www.101lasttribes.com. Retrieved 2022-08-12.
  9. ^ Mensah, Joseph Nii Abekar (2013). Traditions and Customs of Gadangmes of Ghana: Descendants of Authentic Biblical Hebrew Israelites. Strategic Book Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62857-104-2.
  10. ^ Annan, Dorcas Aba. "Akple & Ground Pepper with Grilled Tilapia". Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  11. ^ "Ghana: Banku". 196 flavors. 2019-06-25. Retrieved 2020-06-01.
  12. ^ a b Gracia, Zindzy (2018-03-01). "How to prepare banku". Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. Retrieved 2021-10-09.
  13. ^ Edwards, E.; Gosden, C.; Phillips, R. (2006). Sensible Objects: Colonialism, Museums and Material Culture. Wenner-Gren International Symposium Series. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-84788-315-5.
  14. ^ "Ghana: Okro Stew". 196 flavors. 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
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