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Baja, Hungary

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Baja
City with county rights
Town hall
Town hall
Flag of Baja
Flag
Coat of arms of Baja
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
The Capital of Fisherman's Soup
Baja is located in Hungary
Baja
Baja
Location of Baja
Baja is located in Europe
Baja
Baja
Baja (Europe)
Coordinates: 46°11′00″N 18°57′13″E / 46.1833°N 18.9537°E / 46.1833; 18.9537
Country Hungary
RegionSouthern Great Plain
CountyBács-Kiskun
DistrictBaja
Government
 • MayorKlára Nyirati (Sikeres Bajáért Egyesület)
Area
 • Total
177.61 km2 (68.58 sq mi)
 • Rank20th in Hungary
Population
 (2023)
 • Total
33,142
Demonymbajai
Population by ethnicity
[1]
 • Hungarians83.4%
 • Germans4.3%
 • Croats2.1%
 • Gypsies1.2%
 • Serbs0.5%
 • Romanians0.2%
 • Slovaks0.1%
 • Bulgarians0.1%
 • Others0.8%
Population by religion
[2]
 • Roman Catholic47.9%
 • Greek Catholic0.1%
 • Calvinists3.3%
 • Lutherans0.6%
 • Jews0.1%
 • Other2.7%
 • Non-religious16.0%
 • Unknown29.2%
Area code79
Websitewww.bajaionkormanyzat.hu

Baja (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbɒjɒ]) is a city with county rights in Bács-Kiskun County, southern Hungary. It is the second largest city in the county, after the county seat at Kecskemét, and is home to some 35,000 people. Baja is the seat of the Baja municipality.

The environs of Baja have been continuously inhabited since the end of the Iron Age, but there is evidence of human presence since prehistoric times. The settlement itself was most likely established in the 14th century. After the Ottoman Empire had conquered Hungary, it grew to prominence more than the other nearby settlements, and was granted town rights in 1696.

Today, Baja plays an important role in the life of Northern Bácska as a local commercial centre and the provider of public services such as education and healthcare. It has several roads and a railway connection to other parts of the country, and also offers local Public transport for its residents. Being close to the Danube and the forest of Gemenc, as well as having its own cultural sights, makes it a candidate for tourism, but this is not well established yet.

Etymology

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The city's Hungarian name is probably derived from a Turkic language. The commonly known "bull" name is likely not its real origin, but may have gotten its title from the first owner of the city, Baja. The Latin name of the town is Francillo. Baja also used to have a German name: Frankenstadt.

The South Slavs, Bunjevci and Serbs, who live in the city call Baja by the same name as Magyars do, but with a slightly different pronunciation ([baja] instead of [bɒjɒ]). Its spelling in Serbian Cyrillic writing is Баја.

History

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The city was first mentioned in 1308. The Bajai family was the first known owner of the town. In 1474 the settlement was given to the Czobor family by Matthias Corvinus.

During the Turkish Conquest in the 16th and 17th centuries it was the official center for the region and it possessed a fortification. This era saw the immigration of Bunjevci and Serbs into the town. There was also an active Franciscan mission with monks from Bosnia.

Kálmán Tóth Square, Baja

In the 18th century, Hungary with its regained territories was a part of the Habsburg Empire. Germans, Hungarians and Jews migrated into the town. Due to its location on the Danube, it became a transportation and commercial hub for the region. This was the place where grain and wine were loaded onto boats to be transported upriver to Austria and Germany. In 1727 the Czobor family regained its ownership. Until 1765, the inhabitants belonged to three nations; Bunjevac (under name of Dalmatians), the Germans and the Serbs. Following this, according to a government decree the Natio Dalmatica was changed into the Natio Hungarica, but even in 1768, the elected mayor swore the oath in the Bunjevac language in the Franciscan Church.

In 1699, Baja was Bács-Bodrog county's most "industrialized" city.

In the 19th century Baja became a minor railway hub, but its importance declined as the railway to Fiume (Rijeka) was built in order to get Hungarian grain seaborne. The city was still a commercial and service center for the region.

In 1918, after World War I, the ceasefire line placed the city under administration of the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia. By the Treaty of Trianon from 1920, the city was assigned to Hungary, and became the capital of the reduced county of Bács-Bodrog.

After World War II the city became known for its textile mill and because of its important bridge crossing the Danube. Its importance is still evident as people from the Bácska region (Serbian: Bačka) of Hungary come for higher education, government and business services.

Historical population

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Population growth in Baja, 1870–2005

The city's population was growing rapidly in the 20th century (especially in the interwar period and during the socialist era), but in the last decade its population declined significantly.[3]

The demographic evolution of Baja is the following:

Year Population
1870 21,248
1910 24,588
1920 22,522
1941 32,084
1949 27,936
1960 30,263
1970 35,575
1980 38,523
1990 38,686
2001 38,360
2008 37,573
2019 34 495

See also

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Demographics

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The city has 33,142 residents as of 1 January 2023. In the 2001 Census, the 16% larger population of 38,360 reported its ethnicity thus:

As of 1 January 2019, there are 17 149 houses.

Geography

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The Franciscan Monastery

Location

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Baja is located about 150 km (93 mi) south of Budapest and 108 km (67 mi) southwest of Kecskemét, at the crossing of Road 55 and Road 51, on the river Danube. Baja's main river is Sugovica (also called Kamarás-Duna).
Baja is at the meeting point of two large regions: the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld) and Transdanubia (Dunántúl). The River Danube separates the two regions. The occidental part of the city is where the Gemencforest starts to spread out next to the István Türr Bridge. Gemenc is part of the Danube-Drava National Park. It can be discovered from Baja via a narrow gauge railway.
Baja is located on the left bank of the river, on the Great Hungarian Plain. However, Baja is more similar to the cities of Transdanubia. To the east, arable crops such as maize, wheat and barley are grown.

Climate

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Baja is at the meeting of the continental and mediterranean region of Hungary. The summers are hot (the temperature sometimes goes up to 36–37 °C) and stifling, while the winters are cold and snowy. It often rains in the spring. At summertime extreme torrential rains are getting common every now and then in the region.

Climate data for Baja, 1991−2020 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.0
(64.4) 		21.4
(70.5) 		25.5
(77.9) 		31.9
(89.4) 		34.1
(93.4) 		37.2
(99.0) 		41.2
(106.2) 		40.4
(104.7) 		37.3
(99.1) 		29.1
(84.4) 		24.3
(75.7) 		20.1
(68.2) 		41.2
(106.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4.0
(39.2) 		6.8
(44.2) 		12.5
(54.5) 		18.9
(66.0) 		23.7
(74.7) 		27.3
(81.1) 		29.4
(84.9) 		29.4
(84.9) 		23.6
(74.5) 		17.9
(64.2) 		10.7
(51.3) 		4.3
(39.7) 		17.4
(63.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.1
(31.8) 		1.6
(34.9) 		6.1
(43.0) 		11.5
(52.7) 		16.3
(61.3) 		20.0
(68.0) 		21.8
(71.2) 		21.4
(70.5) 		16.1
(61.0) 		11.0
(51.8) 		5.7
(42.3) 		0.6
(33.1) 		11.0
(51.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.5
(25.7) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		0.4
(32.7) 		4.6
(40.3) 		9.5
(49.1) 		13.1
(55.6) 		14.5
(58.1) 		14.2
(57.6) 		10.1
(50.2) 		5.6
(42.1) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		5.4
(41.7)
Record low °C (°F) −26.6
(−15.9) 		−26.1
(−15.0) 		−22.5
(−8.5) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		1.4
(34.5) 		4.0
(39.2) 		4.5
(40.1) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−9.8
(14.4) 		−15.2
(4.6) 		−24.9
(−12.8) 		−26.6
(−15.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 32.1
(1.26) 		37.3
(1.47) 		33.7
(1.33) 		39.6
(1.56) 		65.5
(2.58) 		76.3
(3.00) 		63.6
(2.50) 		57.2
(2.25) 		63.6
(2.50) 		54.6
(2.15) 		46.5
(1.83) 		47.9
(1.89) 		617.9
(24.33)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 6.2 7.0 6.0 6.6 9.1 8.3 6.6 6.1 6.7 6.4 7.0 7.4 83.4
Average relative humidity (%) 85.5 80.3 71.4 66.7 69.9 70.9 68.3 69.6 76.1 80.9 86.8 87.6 76.2
Source: NOAA[5]

Economy

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The city plays an important role in the country's water transport on the river Danube with its second biggest port in Hungary. Baja gives home to an extensive corporation: to AXIÁL Co. Axiál sells agricultural machines all over eastern Europe with great success. Gemenc Forest and Game Co. Ltd. is managing the nearby nature reserve, Gemenc. There are numerous commercial structures in the city, which prove important to the people living in and around Baja. Roughly 10 years ago a TESCO supermarket opened along with a shopping centre next to it.

Culture, education, and life

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The city has some museums and art galleries, most of them with permanent exhibitions. These include the István Türr Museum (exhibits objects of former local life), the István Nagy Gallery (a collection of István Nagy's paintings), and the Bunjevci House (about Bunjevci traditions). The annual Fisherman's Soup Boiling Festival is a famous event in Europe, which includes a great fish soup boiling contest, and other cultural occurrences.

Calvary Chapel in Baja

There are 15 churches in the city, representing the religion of each ethnicity. These religions include (with the number of believers) Roman Catholic (25 203), Protestant (1 623), Evangelist (268), Unitarian, Orthodox (90), Lutheran and Judaism (27).

Located relatively close to the Great Hungarian Plain, to Gemenc and Transdanubia, the city is also feasible as a base for regional tourists.

There are three notable educational institutes in the city: Béla III High school and the Eötvös József College. A smaller observatory also exists. There is the MNÁMK (Magyarországi Németek Általános Művelődési Központja; English: General Culture Center of Germans Living in Hungary).

Endre Ady Library

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Baja's library got its name from the famous Hungarian poet, Endre Ady. The library's building used to be Baja's synagogue. The building was offered by the city's Jewish community. The Holocaust appreciation memorial stands in the synagogue's garden.

The library has a very large collection of pre-18th-century books. The "Ancient book" collection includes 4,352 volumes, and a lot more writings, because many of the volumes are collectives (for example, one of them contains 17 writings). The library has three incunabulums.

Current and past residents in Baja

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Twin towns – sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Hungary

Baja is twinned with:[6]

Nearby villages

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References

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Bibliography

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  • Nemzeti és etnikai kisebségek Magyarországon, Budapest 1998
  • Baja története. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1989

Notes

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  1. ^ KSH - Baja, 2011
  2. ^ KSH - Baja, 2011
  3. ^ "Detailed Gazetteer of Hungary". ksh.hu. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  4. ^ [Baja, Hungary at the Hungarian Central Statistical Office03522 Baja] at the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1 January 2009.
  5. ^ "Baja Climate Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  6. ^ "Baja testvérvárosai". baja.hu (in Hungarian). Baja. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
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Official sites

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Web cameras

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