Audi straight-five engine
The Audi straight-five engine is a series of four-stroke SOHC and DOHC five-cylinder engines, designed, developed and produced by German manufacturer Audi for over 45 consecutive years, since 1976.[1][2][3] The engines have also been used in various Volkswagen models, as part of the VAG partnership, as well as Volvo using a few of these engines in their diesel model cars.[4][5][6]
History
[edit]Diesel engines
[edit]In 1978, the Audi 2.0 R5 D engine was introduced in the Audi 100 sedan. In 1983, a turbocharged version was introduced, initially for the U.S. market Audi 100. Several Volvo cars, from March 1996 to 2001, were produced with Audi straight-five diesel engines, prior to the introduction of the Volvo D5 turbo-diesel engine; this engine was produced from 2001 to 2017 and was used in several diesel hybrid applications (marketed as "twin engine" models).[7][8]
The Volkswagen Group's first TDI engine was introduced in the 1989 Audi 100 TDI sedan.[9][10] The Audi 100 was powered by the Volkswagen 2.5 R5 TDI straight-five engine which used an electronic distributor injection pump (called "VerteilerPumpe" by Volkswagen) and two-stage direct injection. The initial version of this engine generated 88 kW (118 hp) at 3,250 rpm and 275 N⋅m (203 lb⋅ft) at 2,500 rpm.
Gasoline engines
[edit]The first production straight-five petrol engine was the Audi 2.1 R5 introduced in the Audi 100 in 1977.[11][12] Audi has continued use of straight-five petrol engines (in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions) to the present day. The Audi TT RS and Audi RS3 currently use straight-five engines. In motorsport, the first car to use a straight-five engine was the Audi Quattro rally car;[13] other racing cars which used straight-five engines include the 1985-1986 Audi Sport Quattro E2 and the 1989 Audi 90 Quattro IMSA GTO.[14][15][16][17] For the year 1987 factory team tested a 1000 hp version of the inline-5 powered Audi S1 Sport Quattro.[18]
Several Volkswagen-branded straight-five engines have been produced, beginning with the Volkswagen WH/WN 1.9 litre 10v engine used in the 1981 Volkswagen Passat. The final Volkswagen straight-five petrol engine was the Volkswagen EA855 2.5 litre 20v engine used in the North American Passat models until 2014.[19][20]
References
[edit]- ^ "Audi 5 Cylinder Engines. Since 1976 Audi Have Made It A Cult Of It's [sic] Own". 3 February 2022.
- ^ Acosta, Greg (6 August 2021). "Audi's Inline 5 Cylinder Engine Celebrates 45 Years Of Production". EngineLabs.
- ^ "2.5 TFSI: Audi's Most Powerful Series Five-Cylinder". 30 September 2021.
- ^ "40 years of Audi five-cylinder engines". Audi MediaCenter.
- ^ "Powerhouses: five-cylinder engines at Audi". Audi MediaCenter.
- ^ Taylor, Cameron (18 August 2021). "The Best Audi Engines Have Five Cylinders".
- ^ "V60_GBen". Ipaper.ipapercms.dk. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
- ^ "History of the Volvo 5 Cylinder". 11 October 2017.
- ^ "8 Cars That Tell the History of Diesel in the U.S." www.MotorBiscuit.com. 13 April 2017. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
- ^ "History". www.audi-mediacenter.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
- ^ "The five-cylinder model from Audi". Audi MediaCenter.
- ^ "Straight five Cylinder engine". Motor Car History.
- ^ Graham Robson (15 June 2008). Audi Quattro. Veloce Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 9781845841416.
- ^ "Audi 90 quattro IMSA-GTO". www.classicdriver.com.
- ^ "Detailed specs review of 1989 Audi 90 Quattro IMSA-GTO model for North America racing/rallye". www.automobile-catalog.com.
- ^ "ableitet.no - Audi 90 IMSA GTO". www.ableitet.no. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- ^ "Retrospective>> Quattro Firepower: The Imsa Audi 90 Gto - Speedhunters". 26 May 2009.
- ^ "Secret Rally Car: Audi Group S Prototype". Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "2014 Volkswagen Passat". www.cars.com. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ^ George, Jeo (9 July 2022). "Why We Love Audi's EA855 Five-Cylinder Engine: A Look Back At Its Legacy". HotCars.