2023 Women's Premier League (cricket)
(Redirected from Asha Shobana)
| Dates | 4 – 26 March 2023 |
|---|---|
| Administrator(s) | Board of Control for Cricket in India |
| Cricket format | Twenty20 cricket |
| Tournament format(s) | Double Round robin and playoffs |
| Host(s) | India |
| Champions | Mumbai Indians (1st title) |
| Runners-up | Delhi Capitals |
| Participants | 5 |
| Matches | 22 |
| Player of the series | Hayley Matthews (MI) |
| Most runs | Meg Lanning (DC) (345) |
| Most wickets | Hayley Matthews (MI) (16) |
| Official website | wplt20 |
| Teams | |
|---|---|
| Delhi Capitals Gujarat Giants Mumbai Indians Royal Challengers Bangalore UP Warriorz |
The 2023 Women's Premier League, (also known as WPL 2023 and branded as TATA WPL 2023) was the inaugural season of the Women's Premier League, a women's franchise Twenty20 cricket league organised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).[1] The tournament featured five teams and was held from 4 March to 26 March 2023.[2][3][4][5]
In the final, Mumbai Indians defeated Delhi Capitals to win the competition.
Background
[edit]The prize money for the season was ₹10 crore (US$1.2 million).[6] Tickets for matches were free to women during the first season.[7] The opening ceremony took place on 4 March at DY Patil Stadium in Navi Mumbai, with AP Dhillon, Kriti Sanon and Kiara Advani performing.[8]
Starting this season, both teams could use the Decision Review System to challenge no-ball and wide ball calls. The rule was implemented in the 2023 IPL season.[9]
Teams
[edit]Source:[13]
2023 WPL player auction
[edit]Below is a list of the players sold during the WPL auction (prices are in Indian rupees). A total of 87 players were sold during the auction, 30 of whom were from overseas.[13]
| Name | National side | Team | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smriti Mandhana |  India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹3.4 crore (US$410,000) |
| Harmanpreet Kaur | India |
Mumbai Indians | ₹1.8 crore (US$220,000) |
| Sophie Devine |  New Zealand |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹50 lakh (US$60,000) |
| Ashleigh Gardner |  Australia |
Gujarat Giants | ₹3.2 crore (US$380,000) |
| Ellyse Perry | Australia |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹1.7 crore (US$200,000) |
| Sophie Ecclestone |  England |
UP Warriorz | ₹1.8 crore (US$220,000) |
| Deepti Sharma | India |
UP Warriorz | ₹2.6 crore (US$310,000) |
| Renuka Singh | India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹1.5 crore (US$180,000) |
| Nat Sciver-Brunt | England |
Mumbai Indians | ₹3.2 crore (US$380,000) |
| Tahlia McGrath | Australia |
UP Warriorz | ₹1.4 crore (US$170,000) |
| Beth Mooney | Australia |
Gujarat Giants | ₹2 crore (US$240,000) |
| Shabnim Ismail |  South Africa |
UP Warriorz | ₹1 crore (US$120,000) |
| Amelia Kerr | New Zealand |
Mumbai Indians | ₹1 crore (US$120,000) |
| Sophia Dunkley | England |
Gujarat Giants | ₹60 lakh (US$72,000) |
| Jemimah Rodrigues | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹2.2 crore (US$260,000) |
| Meg Lanning | Australia |
Delhi Capitals | ₹1.1 crore (US$130,000) |
| Shafali Verma | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹2 crore (US$240,000) |
| Annabel Sutherland | Australia |
Gujarat Giants | ₹70 lakh (US$84,000) |
| Harleen Deol | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹40 lakh (US$48,000) |
| Pooja Vastrakar | India |
Mumbai Indians | ₹1.9 crore (US$230,000) |
| Deandra Dottin |  West Indies |
Gujarat Giants | ₹60 lakh (US$72,000) |
| Yastika Bhatia | India |
Mumbai Indians | ₹1.5 crore (US$180,000) |
| Richa Ghosh | India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹1.9 crore (US$230,000) |
| Alyssa Healy | Australia |
UP Warriorz | ₹70 lakh (US$84,000) |
| Anjali Sarvani | India |
UP Warriorz | ₹55 lakh (US$66,000) |
| Rajeshwari Gayakwad | India |
UP Warriorz | ₹40 lakh (US$48,000) |
| Radha Yadav | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹40 lakh (US$48,000) |
| Shikha Pandey | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹60 lakh (US$72,000) |
| Sneh Rana | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹75 lakh (US$90,000) |
| Marizanne Kapp | South Africa |
Delhi Capitals | ₹1.5 crore (US$180,000) |
| Parshavi Chopra | India |
UP Warriorz | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Titas Sadhu | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹25 lakh (US$30,000) |
| Shweta Sehrawat | India |
UP Warriorz | ₹40 lakh (US$48,000) |
| S. Yashasri | India |
UP Warriorz | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Kiran Navgire | India |
UP Warriorz | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Sabbineni Meghana | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Erin Burns | Australia |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Heather Graham | Australia |
Mumbai Indians | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Grace Harris | Australia |
UP Warriorz | ₹75 lakh (US$90,000) |
| Georgia Wareham | Australia |
Gujarat Giants | ₹75 lakh (US$90,000) |
| Alice Capsey | England |
Delhi Capitals | ₹75 lakh (US$90,000) |
| Issy Wong | England |
Mumbai Indians | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Mansi Joshi | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Devika Vaidya | India |
UP Warriorz | ₹1.4 crore (US$170,000) |
| Amanjot Kaur | India |
Mumbai Indians | ₹50 lakh (US$60,000) |
| Dayalan Hemalatha | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Lauren Bell | England |
UP Warriorz | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Monica Patel | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Tara Norris |  United States |
Delhi Capitals | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Laura Harris | Australia |
Delhi Capitals | ₹45 lakh (US$54,000) |
| Dhara Gujjar | India |
Mumbai Indians | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Jasia Akhter | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹20 lakh (US$24,000) |
| Disha Kasat | India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Laxmi Yadav | India |
UP Warriorz | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Indrani Roy | India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Minnu Mani | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Shreyanka Patil | India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Kanika Ahuja | India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹35 lakh (US$42,000) |
| Tanuja Kanwer | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹50 lakh (US$60,000) |
| Saika Ishaque | India |
Mumbai Indians | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Asha Shobana | India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Hayley Matthews | West Indies |
Mumbai Indians | ₹40 lakh (US$48,000) |
| Heather Knight | England |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹40 lakh (US$48,000) |
| Taniya Bhatia | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Sushma Verma | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹60 lakh (US$72,000) |
| Poonam Yadav | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Jess Jonassen | Australia |
Delhi Capitals | ₹50 lakh (US$60,000) |
| Hurley Gala | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Sneha Deepthi | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Arundhati Reddy | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Chloe Tyron | South Africa |
Mumbai Indians | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Dane van Niekerk | South Africa |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Preeti Bose | India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) |
| Simran Shaikh | India |
UP Warriorz | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Aparna Mondal | India |
Delhi Capitals | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Ashwani Kumari | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹35 lakh (US$42,000) |
| Humairaa Kaazi | India |
Mumbai Indians | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Poonam Khemnar | India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Komal Zanzad | India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹25 lakh (US$30,000) |
| Parunika Sisodia | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Priyanka Bala | India |
Mumbai Indians | ₹20 lakh (US$24,000) |
| Megan Schutt | Australia |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹40 lakh (US$48,000) |
| Shabnam Shakil | India |
Gujarat Giants | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Sonam Yadav | India |
Mumbai Indians | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Jintimani Kalita | India |
Mumbai Indians | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Neelam Bisht | India |
Mumbai Indians | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
| Sahana Pawar | India |
Royal Challengers Bangalore | ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) |
Venues
[edit]Matches were played at the Brabourne Stadium in Mumbai and DY Patil Stadium in Navi Mumbai, with the latter hosting the final. Attendances were between 9,000 and 13,000 on average, with some matches reaching 30,000 and the final was a sellout.[14]
| India
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Mumbai | Navi Mumbai | |
| Brabourne Stadium | DY Patil Stadium | |
| Capacity: 50,000 | Capacity: 45,300 | |
|
| |
League Stage
[edit]Points table
[edit]| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | NR | Pts | NRR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Delhi Capitals (R) | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 1.856 | Advanced to Final |
| 2 | Mumbai Indians (C) | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 1.711 | Advanced to Eliminator |
| 3 | UP Warriorz (3rd) | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 8 | −0.200 | |
| 4 | Royal Challengers Bangalore | 8 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 4 | −1.137 | |
| 5 | Gujarat Giants | 8 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 4 | −2.220 |
Match summary
[edit]| Team | Group matches | Playoffs | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | E | F | |
| Delhi Capitals | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 12 | L | |
| Gujarat Giants | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Mumbai Indians | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | W | W |
| Royal Challengers Bangalore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | ||
| UP Warriorz | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | L | |
| Win | Loss | No result |
- Note: The total points at the end of each group match are listed.
- Note: Click on the points (group matches) or W/L (playoffs) to see the match summary.
| Visitor team → | DC | GG | MI | RCB | UPW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home team ↓ | |||||
| Delhi Capitals | Gujarat 11 runs | Mumbai 8 wickets | Delhi 6 wickets | Delhi 42 runs | |
| Gujarat Giants | Delhi 10 wickets | Mumbai 143 runs | Gujarat 11 runs | Lucknow 3 wickets | |
| Mumbai Indians | Delhi 9 wickets | Mumbai 55 runs | Mumbai 9 wickets | Lucknow 5 wickets | |
| Royal Challengers Bangalore | Delhi 60 runs | Bangalore 8 wickets | Mumbai 4 wickets | Lucknow 10 wickets | |
| UP Warriorz | Delhi 5 wickets | Lucknow 3 wickets | Mumbai 8 wickets | Bangalore 5 wickets |
| Home team won | Visitor team won |
- Note: Results listed are according to the home (horizontal) and visitor (vertical) teams.
- Note: Click on a result to see a summary of the match.
Fixtures
[edit]The BCCI released the fixture details on 14 February 2023.[16]
Mumbai Indians
207/5 (20 overs) |
v
|
Gujarat Giants
64 (15.1 overs) |
- Gujarat Giants won the toss and elected to field.
- The match was originally scheduled to start at 19:30, but it was rescheduled due to the opening ceremony.[17]
Delhi Capitals
223/2 (20 overs) |
v
|
Royal Challengers Bangalore
163/8 (20 overs) |
- Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
Gujarat Giants
169/6 (20 overs) |
v
|
UP Warriorz
175/7 (19.5 overs) |
- Gujarat Giants won the toss and elected to bat.
Royal Challengers Bangalore
155 (18.4 overs) |
v
|
Mumbai Indians
159/1 (14.2 overs) |
- Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to bat.
Delhi Capitals
211/4 (20 overs) |
v
|
UP Warriorz
169/5 (20 overs) |
- UP Warriorz won the toss and elected to field.
Gujarat Giants
201/7 (20 overs) |
v
|
Royal Challengers Bangalore
190/6 (20 overs) |
- Gujarat Giants won the toss and elected to bat.
Delhi Capitals
105 (18 overs) |
v
|
Mumbai Indians
109/2 (15 overs) |
- Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to bat.
Royal Challengers Bangalore
138 (19.3 overs) |
v
|
UP Warriorz
139/0 (13 overs) |
Alyssa Healy 96* (47)
|
- Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to bat.
Gujarat Giants
105/9 (20 overs) |
v
|
Delhi Capitals
107/0 (7.1 overs) |
Shafali Verma 76* (28)
|
- Gujarat Giants won the toss and elected to bat.
UP Warriorz
159/6 (20 overs) |
v
|
Mumbai Indians
164/2 (17.3 overs) |
- UP Warriorz won the toss and elected to bat.
Royal Challengers Bangalore
150/4 (20 overs) |
v
|
Delhi Capitals
154/4 (19.4 overs) |
Alice Capsey 38 (24)
Asha Shobana 2/27 (4 overs) |
- Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to field.
Mumbai Indians
162/8 (20 overs) |
v
|
Gujarat Giants
107/9 (20 overs) |
UP Warriorz
135 (19.3 overs) |
v
|
Royal Challengers Bangalore
136/5 (18 overs) |
- Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
Gujarat Giants
147/4 (20 overs) |
v
|
Delhi Capitals
136 (18.4 overs) |
- Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to field.
Mumbai Indians
127 (20 overs) |
v
|
UP Warriorz
129/5 (19.3 overs) |
- UP Warriorz won the toss and elected to field.
Gujarat Giants
188/4 (20 overs) |
v
|
Royal Challengers Bangalore
189/2 (15.3 overs) |
- Gujarat Giants won the toss and elected to bat.
Gujarat Giants
178/6 (20 overs) |
v
|
UP Warriorz
181/7 (19.5 overs) |
Ashleigh Gardner 60 (39)
Parshavi Chopra 2/29 (4 overs) |
Mumbai Indians
109/8 (20 overs) |
v
|
Delhi Capitals
110/1 (9 overs) |
- Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to field.
Royal Challengers Bangalore
125/9 (20 overs) |
v
|
Mumbai Indians
129/6 (16.3 overs) |
- Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
UP Warriorz
138/6 (20 overs) |
v
|
Delhi Capitals
142/5 (17.5 overs) |
Playoffs
[edit]Bracket
[edit]| Eliminator | Final | ||||||||
| 1 | Delhi Capitals | 131/9 (20 overs) | |||||||
| 2 | Mumbai Indians | 182/4 (20 overs) | 2 | Mumbai Indians | 134/3 (19.3 overs) | ||||
| 3 | UP Warriorz | 110 (17.4 overs) | |||||||
Eliminator
[edit]Mumbai Indians
182/4 (20 overs) |
v
|
UP Warriorz
110 (17.4 overs) |
Final
[edit]Delhi Capitals
131/9 (20 overs) |
v
|
Mumbai Indians
134/3 (19.3 overs) |
- Delhi Capitals won the toss and elected to bat.
- Mumbai Indians became the first team to win the Women's Premier League.
Statistics
[edit]- Orange Cap
- Purple Cap
Most runs
[edit]| Player | Team | Mat | Inns | Runs | HS | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meg Lanning | Delhi Capitals | 9 | 9 | 345 | 72 | |||||||||
| Nat Sciver-Brunt | Mumbai Indians | 10 | 10 | 332 | 72* | |||||||||
| Tahlia McGrath | UP Warriorz | 9 | 8 | 302 | 90* | |||||||||
| Harmanpreet Kaur | Mumbai Indians | 10 | 9 | 281 | 65 | |||||||||
| Hayley Matthews | Mumbai Indians | 9 | 9 | 271 | 77* | |||||||||
| Source: WPLT20.com | ||||||||||||||
Most wickets
[edit]| Player | Team | Mat | Inns | Wkts | BBI | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hayley Matthews | Mumbai Indians | 10 | 10 | 16 | 3/5 | |||||||||
| Sophie Ecclestone | UP Warriorz | 9 | 9 | 16 | 4/13 | |||||||||
| Amelia Kerr | Mumbai Indians | 10 | 10 | 15 | 3/22 | |||||||||
| Issy Wong | Mumbai Indians | 10 | 10 | 15 | 4/15 | |||||||||
| Saika Ishaque | Mumbai Indians | 10 | 10 | 15 | 4/11 | |||||||||
| Source: WPLT20.com | ||||||||||||||
Broadcasting
[edit]In India, Sports 18, Sports 18 Khel and Sports 18 1 HD broadcast the season on television and Jio Cinema streaming online. Sports 18 Khel and Jio Cinema were broadcasting free-to-air.[25][8]
| Country | Television channel | Internet streaming |
|---|---|---|
| India | Sports18, Sports18 Khel, Sports18 1 HD | JioCinema |
| Afghanistan | Radio Television Afghanistan | - |
| Australia | Fox Sports[26] | YuppTV |
| Bangladesh | Channel 9, T Sports[27] | - |
| Caribbean | Flow Sports 2[28] | - |
| Maldives | Star Sports | Yupp TV, MediaNet |
| Nepal | Sim TV Nepal | Yupp TV, Net TV Nepal |
| New Zealand | Sky Sports NZ 2 [citation needed] | - |
| Singapore | StarHub TV+ | - |
| South Africa | Super Sports[26] | - |
| Sri Lanka | Dialog TV | Yupp TV, SLRC, Peo TV |
| United Kingdom | Sky Sports Cricket, Sky Sports Main Event[29] | Sky Go[26] |
| United States & Canada | Willow TV[26] | - |
Source:[30]
References
[edit]- ^ "Tata bags sponsorship for WPL". CricBuzz. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
- ^ "BCCI earmarks window in March 2023 for inaugural women's IPL". ESPNcricinfo. 12 August 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ "Inaugural edition of Women's IPL to be held in March 2023". The Indian Express. 12 August 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ "Women's IPL likely to start in 2023, BCCI looking for March-April window". Times Now. 12 August 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
- ^ "WPL dates begin on March 4". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ "Women's Indian Premier League 2023: Here's all you need to know about the tournament". The Economic Times. 23 January 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
- ^ "Women's Premier League Bcci Finally Announce Tickets Rates Starts From Rupees 100".
- ^ a b "Tickets..." Business Today. March 2023.
- ^ "क्रिकेटमध्ये सर्वात मोठा बदल! आता 'या' निर्णयामुळे फिरणार ..." Lokmat. 5 March 2023.
- ^ "Deandra Dottin out of WPL, Giants name Kim Garth as replacement". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ "Laura Wolvaardt replaces injured Beth Mooney at Gujarat Giants". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ "Warriorz add Shivali Shinde to the squad". CricBuzz. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ a b Sudarshanan, S (13 February 2023). "Bid-by-bid updates - 2023 WPL auction". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
- ^ Ghosh, Annesha (22 March 2023). "India's WPL has captured the imagination and this is just the start". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ "WPL Points Table | WPL Standings | WPL Ranking". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ "BCCI announces schedule for Women's Premier League 2023". Women's Premier League. 14 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
- ^ "Rescheduled start for TATA Women's Premiere League opening fixture". Women's Premier League. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ "Harmanpreet's joyride propels Mumbai Indians into playoffs". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Harmanpreet, bowlers guide unbeaten MI to playoffs". CricBuzz. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Amazing Grace Harris leads UP Warriorz into WPL playoffs". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "Harris, McGrath power UP Warriorz into playoffs". CricBuzz. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "Alice Capsey's all-round exploits puts Delhi Capitals directly in final". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "Capsey stars as Capitals seal direct passage to final". CricBuzz. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "Sciver-Brunt fifty, Wong hat-trick put Mumbai in WPL final". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "Women's IPL Media Rights Bagged By Viacom 18 For A Sensational Rs 951 Crore Deal". Latestly. 16 January 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d WPL 2023, where to watch live: TV channels & live streaming | Women's Premier League, Wisden online, 2 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ url=https://www.tsports.com/shared/video/292e7c83c506da400fb55e6e89b13e22
- ^ "@flowsportsapp". Twitter. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Women's Premier League: 2023 season of women's version of IPL to be shown live on Sky Sports this March". Sky Sports. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Women's Premier League LIVE streaming: 3 apps to watch WPL 2023 free on mobile- Check updated points table".
External links
[edit]| Seasons | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Auctions | |||||||||||
| Finals | |||||||||||
| Teams and grounds |
| ||||||||||
| Lists | |||||||||||
| Related topics | |||||||||||
