Argentoconodon

Argentoconodon; Temporal range: ; Middle Toarcian; ~179.17–178.07 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Eutriconodonta
Clade:	†Volaticotherini
Genus:	†Argentoconodon; Rougier et al. 2007
Species:	†A. fariasorum
Binomial name
	†Argentoconodon fariasorum; Rougier et al. 2007

Argentoconodon (meaning "Argentina cone tooth") is an extinct genus of theriimorph mammal from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation of the Cañadón Asfalto Basin in Patagonia. When originally described, it was known only from a single molariform tooth, which possessed a combination of primitive and derived features. The tooth is currently held in the Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, where it was given the specimen number MPEF-PV 1877.^[2] New material described in 2011 show that Argentoconodon was similar to Ichthyoconodon, Jugulator and Volaticotherium within the family Triconodontidae,^[3] and possibly also Triconolestes.^[4]

Aerial locomotion

Several postcranial similarities to Volaticotherium suggest that Argentoconodon was capable of gliding. In particular, its femur shares the same shape and proportions as its more complete relative, being highly specialised and without a femoral head, being less competent in rotational movement but more useful in extending the leg and resisting flight stresses.^[3]

Argentoconodon's spatio-temporal distribution has been noted as being unusual, in that it is not only a rare Early Jurassic eutriconodont, but also one of the only two South American members of this group, the other being the slightly younger Condorodon; other mammals in the Cañadon Asfalto Formation are various australosphenidans and a putative allothere.^[5] This has been considered worthy of interest in the future.^[6]

Diet

Like most eutriconodonts Argentoconodon was most likely animalivorous, its molars adapted to shear. In a study detailing Mesozoic mammal diets it ranks among carnivorous species.^[7] This is further corroborated by another study on Mesozoic mammal mandibles, where in plots among carnivorous rather than insectivorous taxa.^[8]

References

^ Fantasia, A.; Föllmi, K. B.; Adatte, T.; Spangenberg, J. E.; Schoene, B.; Barker, R. T.; Scasso, R. A. (2021). "Late Toarcian continental palaeoenvironmental conditions: An example from the Canadon Asfalto Formation in southern Argentina". Gondwana Research. 89 (1): 47–65. Bibcode:2021GondR..89...47F. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.10.001. S2CID 225120452. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
^ Rougier, Guillermo W.; Garrido, Alberto; Gaetano, Leandro; Puerta, Pablo; Corbitt, Cynthia; Novacek, Michael J. (2007). "First Jurassic triconodont from South America". American Museum Novitates (3580): 1–17. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3580[1:FJTFSA]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5873. S2CID 85676529.
^ ^a ^b Gaetano, Leandro C.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (July 2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 829–843. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..829G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877. hdl:11336/68497. S2CID 85069761.
^ Averianov, A. O.; Lopatin, A. V. (February 2011). "Phylogeny of triconodonts and symmetrodonts and the origin of extant mammals". Doklady Biological Sciences. 436 (1): 32–35. doi:10.1134/S0012496611010042. PMID 21374009. S2CID 10324906. ProQuest 854984818.
^ Gaetano, Leandro C.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (December 2012). "First Amphilestid from South America: A Molariform from the Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 19 (4): 235–248. doi:10.1007/s10914-012-9194-1. hdl:11336/68489. S2CID 16988665.
^ Butler, Percy M.; Sigogneau-Russell, Denise (2016). "Diversity of triconodonts in the Middle Jurassic of Great Britain" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica. 67: 35–65.
^ Grossnickle, David M.; Polly, P. David (2013-11-22). "Mammal disparity decreases during the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1771): 20132110. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2110. PMC 3790494. PMID 24089340.
^ Morales-García, Nuria Melisa; Gill, Pamela G.; Janis, Christine M.; Rayfield, Emily J. (2021-02-23). "Jaw shape and mechanical advantage are indicative of diet in Mesozoic mammals". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 242. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01757-3. PMC 7902851. PMID 33623117.

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[1] Fantasia, A.; Föllmi, K. B.; Adatte, T.; Spangenberg, J. E.; Schoene, B.; Barker, R. T.; Scasso, R. A. (2021). "Late Toarcian continental palaeoenvironmental conditions: An example from the Canadon Asfalto Formation in southern Argentina". Gondwana Research. 89 (1): 47–65. Bibcode:2021GondR..89...47F. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.10.001. S2CID 225120452. Retrieved 27 August 2021.

[rougieretal2007-2] Rougier, Guillermo W.; Garrido, Alberto; Gaetano, Leandro; Puerta, Pablo; Corbitt, Cynthia; Novacek, Michael J. (2007). "First Jurassic triconodont from South America". American Museum Novitates (3580): 1–17. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3580[1:FJTFSA]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5873. S2CID 85676529.

[gaetano&rougier2011-3] Gaetano, Leandro C.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (July 2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 829–843. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..829G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877. hdl:11336/68497. S2CID 85069761.

[4] Averianov, A. O.; Lopatin, A. V. (February 2011). "Phylogeny of triconodonts and symmetrodonts and the origin of extant mammals". Doklady Biological Sciences. 436 (1): 32–35. doi:10.1134/S0012496611010042. PMID 21374009. S2CID 10324906. ProQuest 854984818.

[5] Gaetano, Leandro C.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (December 2012). "First Amphilestid from South America: A Molariform from the Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 19 (4): 235–248. doi:10.1007/s10914-012-9194-1. hdl:11336/68489. S2CID 16988665.

[6] Butler, Percy M.; Sigogneau-Russell, Denise (2016). "Diversity of triconodonts in the Middle Jurassic of Great Britain" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica. 67: 35–65.

[7] Grossnickle, David M.; Polly, P. David (2013-11-22). "Mammal disparity decreases during the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1771): 20132110. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2110. PMC 3790494. PMID 24089340.

[8] Morales-García, Nuria Melisa; Gill, Pamela G.; Janis, Christine M.; Rayfield, Emily J. (2021-02-23). "Jaw shape and mechanical advantage are indicative of diet in Mesozoic mammals". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 242. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01757-3. PMC 7902851. PMID 33623117.

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