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April 1968

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April 4, 1968: Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated
April 20, 1968: FBI identifies King's accused assassin
April 11, 1968: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Bill of 1968

The following events occurred in April 1968:

April 1, 1968 (Monday)

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April 2, 1968 (Tuesday)

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April 3, 1968 (Wednesday)

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The plaque outside the Mason Temple

April 4, 1968 (Thursday)

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The balcony outside Room 306
  • American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated as he stood on a balcony at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. King and his associate, Ralph Abernathy, had been staying at Room 306 of the motel. James Earl Ray had rented a room at a boarding house that had a view of the motel. At 6:01 in the evening, King was preparing to go to dinner with his associates and was walking back into the room to get his overcoat. At that moment, Ray allegedly fired a single shot from a .30-06 rifle, and the bullet struck King in the neck. King was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital and pronounced dead at 7:05. The powerful figure, described as a weapon of non-violence, died at the age of 39.[21][22][23]
  • On the same day, U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy went ahead with a rally in Indianapolis, where he gave a short but powerful speech that is sometimes credited with having limited the rioting that would be seen in many other American cities immediately following the assassination.[24][25]
  • NASA launched the uncrewed Apollo 6 from Cape Kennedy at 7:00 a.m. as the second test flight of the Saturn V launch vehicle. The rocket propelled a mockup of the 28-ton CSM (Command/Service Module) and the 17-ton Apollo Lunar Module into earth orbit, but the premature shutdown of two second stage engines and the overcompensation of other engines put the vehicles into an altitude "110 miles too high" and consumed most of the fuel that would have been necessary to propel the craft out of Earth orbit and to the Moon. "If the Apollo 6 had carried men," an AP report noted, "a mission to the moon would have been aborted."[26] The craft re-entered the atmosphere almost 10 hours after its launch; the USS Okinawa recovered it in the Pacific Ocean.[27][28]
  • Jozef Lenárt, who had been Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia since 1963, resigned along with his cabinet in the wake of the reforms of the Prague Spring. The Central Committee of the Czechoslovakian Communist Party asked Lenart to step down at an evening meeting, where its members took an unprecedented vote by secret ballot. The Central Committee appointed Deputy Prime Minister Oldrich Cernik to succeed Lenart.[29]
  • The Reverend Terence Cooke was installed as the new Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York in an investiture ceremony that began at 1:00 p.m. at St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan.[30]
  • Died: Erno Crisa, 54, Italian character actor

April 5, 1968 (Friday)

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April 6, 1968 (Saturday)

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Tower of the Americas, the theme structure for HemisFair, in 2013[41]
  • HemisFair, a six-month World's Fair to celebrate the nations of the Western Hemisphere, opened as scheduled in San Antonio, Texas to coincide with the city's 250th anniversary. The exposition lost six million dollars, but the construction that it generated would help spur the growth of San Antonio from 650,000 residents to nearly 1.5 million, the seventh most populated city in the United States.[42] The 750-foot (230 m) tall Tower of the Americas still remains from the original fair.
Prime Minister Trudeau

April 7, 1968 (Sunday)

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Clark
  • Died: Jim Clark, 32, Scottish racing driver and twice racing world champion, was killed while competing in the 1968 Deutschland Trophäe, a Formula 2 auto race, at the Hockenheimring in West Germany. Clark was driving at top speed on a straightaway during the rain when he lost control.[51] His Lotus-Ford 48 suddenly veered off the track and flipped into trees in an adjacent forest, and Clark died instantly from a broken neck and multiple skull fractures.[52]

April 8, 1968 (Monday)

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April 9, 1968 (Tuesday)

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April 9, 1968: Coretta Scott King at her husband's funeral, comforting their daughter, Bernice

April 10, 1968 (Wednesday)

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April 11, 1968 (Thursday)

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Dutschke
  • Rudi Dutschke, the leader of the West German left-wing movement (APO), was seriously wounded in an assassination attempt by Josef Bachmann, who shot Dutschke twice in the head outside the Socialist German Student Union (Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund, or SDS) offices on the Kurfürstendamm in West Berlin.[71] Dutschke survived after emergency surgery, but would suffer seizures for the rest of his life and would die of his brain injuries 11 years later.[72]
  • U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which included the Fair Housing Act as its Title VIII section, into law. For the first time, it was a violation of federal law for a homeowner to refuse to sell or rent a dwelling to a person based upon race, color, religion, or national origin.[73] A day earlier, the bill had been approved by the U.S. House of Representatives, 250 to 172, after clearing the U.S. Senate, 71–20, on March 11.[74]
  • Tampa, Florida, became the first city to rename a street as a legacy to Martin Luther King Jr., with the city council voting unanimously "to change the name of Main Street, between North Boulevard and MacDill Avenue to Dr. Martin Luther King Boulevard in honor of the assassinated Negro leader."[75]
  • German left-wing students blockaded the Springer Press HQ in Berlin and many were arrested, including Ulrike Meinhof, who would found the Baader-Meinhof Gang.[76]

April 12, 1968 (Friday)

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  • The Passover Seder was celebrated in the city of Hebron ten months after Israel had acquired the territory in the Six-Day War, and for the first time since the 1929 Hebron massacre.[77] Over 40 Orthodox Jews gathered at the Al-Naher Al-Khaled Hotel (as the guests of the Palestinian Arab hotel owner, Fahed Al-Qwasmeh) after Rabbi Moshe Levinger had advertised the gathering in a newspaper advertisement. Although Israeli General Uzi Narkiss had granted Levinger's party permission to enter the Palestinian city on the agreement that they would depart the next day, the group hoisted the Israeli flag over the hotel and announced their plans to stay in town permanently. After moving from the hotel to a military compound on the edge of Hebron, the increasing number of Israeli settlers would establish Kiryat Arba, a permanent settlement on the West Bank, in 1970.[78]
  • The 36-story Kasumigaseki Building was opened in Tokyo as the first modern office skyscraper in Japan.[79] It would remain the tallest building in Tokyo until 1970 when superseded by the World Trade Center (Tokyo).[80]
  • Born: Muhammad Khan Bhatti, Pakistani civil servant; in Mandi Bahauddin[81]
  • Died: Heinz Nordhoff, 69, CEO of Volkswagen who rebuilt the "people's car" company in West Germany after World War II

April 13, 1968 (Saturday)

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April 14, 1968 (Sunday)

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  • Golf's Masters Tournament was won by one stroke by Bob Goalby, even though he and Roberto De Vicenzo had both made 277 strokes on 72 holes. On the par-4 17th (and penultimate) hole, De Vicenzo had made a birdie (one stroke under the par-4, or three strokes overall), but his golfing partner, Tommy Aaron, had written "4" on the scorecard and added the score to 66. De Vicenzo then signed the card without noting the error, and rather than heading to an 18-hole playoff to break a 277–277 tie with Goalby, De Vicenzo was deemed under Masters Tournament rules to have finished in second place. Argentina-born De Vicenzo was a good sport about the loss by a technicality, and, in acknowledging that he had signed the scorecard without looking at it, commented to reporters, "What a stupid I am!".[86]
  • A nova of the star LV Vul, located within the region of the constellation Vulpecula, was observed on Earth for the first time. English astronomer George Alcock spotted the event nine months after he discovered Nova Delphini (HR Del) in 1967. The peak magnitude of LV Vul (4.8) would be observed on April 21.[87]
  • Infiltrators from North Korea crossed the demilitarized zone into South Korea and ambushed a United States Army truck carrying six soldiers about 800 yards away from Panmunjom, killing two Americans and two South Koreans. The other two occupants, both American, survived.[88]
  • The Soyuz test spacecraft Kosmos 212 was launched by the Soviet Union. The next day, Kosmos 213 was launched and the two uncrewed ships were linked together by remote commands from the Soviet Union.[89]
  • Born: Anthony Michael Hall, American film and television actor; in West Roxbury, Boston

April 15, 1968 (Monday)

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  • The New York Mets and the Houston Astros went into extra innings in a game at the Astrodome, summarized by the headline in The Sporting News, "24 Innings, Six Hours, One Run".[90] The game ended at 1:37 on Tuesday morning when Mets' shortstop Al Weis let a ground ball roll between his feet with the bases loaded, permitting the Astros' Norm Miller to score the winning run for the 1–0 victory. By then, less than 1,000 of the 14,219 paid customers were still watching.[91]
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April 16, 1968 (Tuesday)

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  • In a speech before the National Space Club in Washington, AAP Director Charles W. Mathews stated that, beyond the goal of landing on the Moon, NASA's overall plan for human space exploration comprised "a balanced activity of lunar exploration and extension of man's capabilities in Earth orbit." The AAP, Mathews declared, contained sufficient flexibility so that it could be conducted in harmony with available resources: "We are also prepared to move forward at an increased pace when it is desirable and possible to do so." He said contingency planning left room for both budgetary and mission goal changes, thus answering congressional criticism that NASA had not provided sufficient flexibility regarding long-term goals.[19]
  • The Memphis sanitation strike, which had brought Martin Luther King Jr. to the site of his assassination, ended after 65 days with an agreement between the city of Memphis, Tennessee and its 1,300 garbage collectors. The men's right to organize a labor union took effect immediately, and effective May 1, sanitation workers, were to see a 10 cent per hour increase in their wages, which ranged from $1.65 to $2.10 per hour.[92]
  • A huge contingent of Italian neo-fascists began a “study trip” in Greece, organized by the colonels’ regime to teach the techniques of the false flag and of the coup d’état. Some of the “students”, including Pino Rauti and Stefano Delle Chiaie, would later be involved in the 1969 Piazza Fontana bombing.[93]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Albert Betz, 82, German physicist and aerospace engineering pioneer for his developments of wind turbine technology. The Betz limit equation (also known as Betz's law for maximum capture of kinetic energy from wind was discovered by him in 1919.
    • Fay Bainter, 74, American film actress and Academy Award winner for her supporting role in the 1938 film Jezebel
    • Edna Ferber, 82, American novelist, playwright, and Pulitzer Prize winner
    • Nelly Corradi, 53, Italian opera singer and actress

April 17, 1968 (Wednesday)

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April 18, 1968 (Thursday)

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April 19, 1968 (Friday)

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  • Minnesota insurance agent Ralph Plaisted and three other members of his amateur exploration expedition became the first people to reach the North Pole by an overland route since 1909, and possibly the first ever, after completing a 474-mile, 44-day trip by snowmobiles. Plaisted, Walter H. Pederson, Gerald R. Pitzel and Jean Luc Bombardier (employed by Bombardier Inc. as a technician to service the Bombardier snowmobiles) arrived at the top of the world at 2100 UTC (3:00 p.m. in Minnesota).[97] In later years, as historians came to doubt that Robert Peary's expedition had actually reached the North Pole on April 6, 1909, a historian would note that although "most of the media considered Plaisted's trek more of a stunt than the actual achievement that it was... it was Plaisted, the amateur explorer and insurance salesman from Duluth— and not Robert Peary— who was first to reach the Pole over the pack ice."[98]
  • Led by Sergeant Major John Amadu Bangura of the Army of Sierra Leone, a group of non-commissioned officers overthrew the military government of General Andrew Juxon-Smith and other members of the National Reformation Council who had staged a coup in 1967.[99] Juxon-Smith and his deputy, Major William Leigh, were arrested and the mutineers set up a 14-member "National Interim Council" chaired by Warrant Officer First Class Patrick Conteh.[100][101] Bangura pledged to restore civilian rule and to invited Sir Henry Lightfoot Boston, who had forced to leave after the 1967 coup, to reassume his role as Governor-General.[102]
  • In Valdagno (Vicenza) a strike at the Marzotto textile factory, to protest 400 layoffs, became a battle between workers (joined by some students) and police. The protesters knocked over the monument of the company founder, Gaetano Marzotto, and seized the villas of the estate managers. Dozens of protesters and policemen were injured and 42 workers were arrested. A week later, in solidarity with the strikers, most of the Valdagno town council resigns. The episode started the Hot Autumn, a season of hard conflicts in other Italian factories.[103]
  • Amby Burfoot won the 72nd Boston Marathon.[104]
  • Born: Ashley Judd, American actress and political activist; as Ashley Tyler Ciminella in Los Angeles
  • Died: Major General Ronald Urquhart, 62, British Army officer and former commandant of the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst

April 20, 1968 (Saturday)

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  • British Conservative MP Enoch Powell made what would become known as the Rivers of Blood speech, criticising Commonwealth immigration and anti-discrimination legislation in the proposed Race Relations Act. Addressing the annual meeting of the West Midlands Conservative Political Centre in Birmingham, Powell did not use the phrase "rivers of blood" but quoted a section of Virgil's Aeneid and said that as he looked ahead, like the Roman author, "I seem to see 'the River Tiber foaming with much blood.'" (Bella, horrida bella, Et Thybrim multo spumantem sanguine), an allusion to a civil war brought on by the decline of an empire.[105]
  • The FBI placed the name of James Earl Ray, whom it had initially identified as "Eric Starvo Galt", on its "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" List. The link to Ray, described as "a habitual criminal and escapee from the Mississippi State Prison", was made after a comparison of fingerprints at the scene to records of more than 53,000 convicted criminals.[106] Since nobody was removed from the list, the naming of Ray marked the second time in FBI history that there were 11 people on the 10-person list.[107] Four days later, the list would return to 10 after the arrest of fugitive Howard Callens Johnson.[108]
  • Pierre Trudeau was sworn in as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada, 48 hours ahead of the originally-scheduled Monday ceremony, in order to "make it possible for the new government to call an election on June 17 and be within the 58 days required by the election machinery".[109] However, Trudeau adjourned his first cabinet meeting without taking action before the 7:00 p.m. deadline.[110][111]
  • South African Airways Flight 228 crashed just after its 9:00 p.m. takeoff from J. G. Strijdom International Airport in Windhoek, South West Africa (now Namibia), killing 123 of the 128 people on board.[112] The destruction of the Boeing 707-344C jet Pretoria remains the deadliest aviation accident in Namibian history.[113]
  • MGM's classic film The Wizard of Oz made its NBC debut after having been telecast on CBS since 1956. It would remain on NBC for the next 8 years.[114]
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  • Died: Rudolph Dirks, 91, German-American comic strip artist known for creating The Katzenjammer Kids, one of the earliest and most noted comic strips in history[115]

April 21, 1968 (Sunday)

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  • Enoch Powell was dismissed from the Shadow Cabinet by Opposition leader Edward Heath as a result of his "Rivers of Blood" speech of the previous day, despite several opinion polls suggesting that many of the public shared Powell's anti-immigrant views.[116] Heath, a future Prime Minister, said in a statement that "I have told Mr. Powell that I consider the speech he made in Birmingham yesterday to have been racialist in tone, and liable to exacerbate racial tensions. This is unacceptable from one of the leaders of the Conservative Party..."[117][118]

April 22, 1968 (Monday)

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  • The Lebanese cargo ship Alheli (which had served in World War II as the Liberty ship SS Henry Dodge) was abandoned in the North Atlantic Ocean after springing a leak while en route from Almería to Wilmington, Delaware with a cargo of fluorspar. All 26 members of the crew were rescued by a British freighter, the Megantic, 900 miles east of Bermuda, and were then transferred to the U.S. Coast Guard cutter USCGC Mendota.[119] The Alheli would sink to the bottom of the sea two days later at 33°15′N 45°50′W / 33.250°N 45.833°W / 33.250; -45.833.[120]
  • Civilian government was partially restored to the West African nation of Sierra Leone, three days after a coup overthrew the military government, as Chairman Patrick Conteh of the National Interim Council yielded to Chief Justice Banja Tejan-Sie as the nation's acting Governor-General. Tejan-Sie would continue in that role until his dismissal on March 31, 1971.[100]
  • The United Nations Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space, conventionally known as the Rescue Agreement, was signed by the United States, the Soviet Union, and other nations. It would enter into force on December 3, 1968.[121]
  • The Treaty of Tlatelolco, a pledge by most of the nations of the Western Hemisphere agreeing to ban "the testing, use, manufacture, production or acquisition by any means or type" of nuclear weapons within their countries, went into effect. It had been signed in Mexico City on February 14, 1967.[122]
  • Died: Stephen H. Sholes, 57, American record producer for RCA Victor; of a heart attack

April 23, 1968 (Tuesday)

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  • The United Methodist Church was established in the United States by the merger of the former Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church.[123] At Dallas Memorial Auditorium, a crowd of 10,000 members of both churches joined hands and repeated the proclamation "Lord of the Church, we are united in Thee, in thy Church, and now in the United Methodist Church".[124] EUBC bishop Reuben Mueller and Methodist bishop Lloyd Wicke led the proclamation ceremony accepting the 307-page Plan of Union.[125]
  • The Soviet Union made an unsuccessful launch of an uncrewed Zond space capsule that was intended to orbit the Moon as the next step in testing a Soviet crewed lunar mission. Three minutes and 15 seconds after the launch, the Zond's escape system activated inadvertently, shutting down the rocket engines and jettisoning the capsule back to Earth. The vehicle was recovered, intact, 520 kilometres (320 miles) away from the launch site, but the next attempt could not be launched for three months.[126]
  • The murder of Roy Tutill occurred in Surrey, England. The victim was a 14-year-old schoolboy who was raped and murdered on his way home from school. The murder went unsolved for 33 years.[127]
  • Canada's Prime Minister Trudeau asked Governor-General Roland Michener to dissolve Parliament and to schedule a general election for June 25.[128]
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April 24, 1968 (Wednesday)

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  • Police in Mexico arrested an American hitchhiker on suspicion that he was the assassin of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.. Daniel D. Kennedy, of Baltimore, was handcuffed while dining in a cafe in the town of Caborca in the state of Sonora, then brought to Hermosillo for 12 hours of questioning. He was released the next day. A police spokesman told the press afterward that Kennedy "didn't match the photographs" of James Earl Ray "at all".[132] On the same day, a Canadian passport was issued to Ray in the name of Ramon George Sneyd, a Toronto policeman whose identity Ray had stolen.[133]
  • By a margin of just 8 votes, the government of France's Prime Minister Georges Pompidou survived a motion of censure on plans to introduce commercial advertising on France's ORTF state-operated television network.[134] At the time, there were 486 members of the Assemblée Nationale, and the motion required at least 244 members to vote in its favor, which would require every one of the 244 opposition members to approve. A coalition of Socialists, Communists and Centrists was able to get 236 votes.[135]
  • The International Olympic Committee announced that South Africa would be excluded from participating in the 1968 Summer Olympics. After the ballots were counted from the 71 IOC Board members, the result was 47 in favor of banning South Africa, 16 against, and 8 abstaining.[136][137]
  • Columbia University students, protesting against the Vietnam War, took over administration buildings and effectively shut down the Ivy League institution in New York City.[138] The siege would last for six days until broken up by the New York Police Department on April 30.[139]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Walter Tewksbury, 92, American track and field athlete who won five medals at the 1900 Summer Olympics
    • Tommy Noonan, 46, American film actor; of a brain tumor

April 25, 1968 (Thursday)

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One concept for the space laboratory
  • NASA published a report containing 18 conceptual designs for the Earth-orbital spacecraft lunar module adapter laboratory prepared by spacecraft design experts of the MSC Advanced Spacecraft Technology Division. One such configuration (pictured) was developed to illustrate the extent to which the building block philosophy could be carried. It would utilize both Gemini and Apollo spacecraft and would require 2 uncrewed launches and 10 crewed logistic launches.[19]
  • The Politburo of the Romanian Communist Party removed Alexandru Drăghici, the former Minister of Internal Affairs for Romania and the chief rival to Nicolae Ceaușescu within the Party, from all of his posts. As Minister of Romania's feared secret police, the Securitate, Drăghici had orchestrated the execution of Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu in 1954.[140]
  • Algeria's President Houari Boumedienne survived an assassination attempt. He was being driven away from a cabinet meeting when two assailants fired machine guns at his car, killing one of his bodyguards and causing the President to be struck by flying glass. Police killed the assassins after they fled to the hills overlooking Algiers.[141]
  • The 23rd Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain) bicycle race began. It would be won by Felice Gimondi on May 12 after he was the leader at the completion of the 18 stages of the 3,014-kilometre (1,873-mile) race.
  • Born: Massimo Di Cataldo, Italian singer; in Rome
  • Died:
    • Anna Maria Mussolini, 38, daughter of Benito Mussolini. She had been disabled by polio since childhood. In order not to be identified with the Fascist era, she had attempted to start a career as a radio host under a nickname.
    • Donald Davidson, 74, American poet, author, and proponent of racial segregation

April 26, 1968 (Friday)

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  • An estimated 200,000 college and high school students in New York City failed to show up for school after a call for a nationwide protest by the Student Mobilization Committee To End the War In Vietnam,[142] but, as contemporary accounts noted "outside of New York City, it appeared that only small numbers of students were taking part in the activities"[143] and "most schools across the country reported normal or near-normal activities".[144] More than 20 years later, a historian would claim that "the largest student protest in the nation's history occurred as more than one million high school and college students boycotted classes to show their disdain for the war."[145]
  • The second-largest hydrogen bomb ever tested in the continental United States was detonated underground at the Nevada Test Site. With a yield of 1.3 Megaton, the blast was so powerful that it registered at 6.5 on the Richter Scale and shook buildings 100 miles away in Las Vegas. The crater formed by the weapon, code-named "Boxcar", was 300 feet wide and 50 feet deep.[146]
  • Siaka Stevens was sworn in as the Prime Minister of Sierra Leone, taking the office to which he had been elected in 1967 before a military coup, and restoring Sierra Leone to civilian rule. In 1971, Stevens would become the nation's first President when his nation became a republic.[147]
  • Born: Corrinne Wicks, English TV soap opera actress; in Cheltenham
  • Died: John Heartfield (Helmut Herzfeld), 76, German artist and anti-fascist activist

April 27, 1968 (Saturday)

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  • Surgeons at the Hôpital de la Pitié in Paris, began the first heart transplant operation to be performed in Europe, and the seventh in the world. A three-man surgical team, led by Dr. Christian Cabrol, began the surgery after 23-year-old Michel Gyppaz died of brain injuries received in an automobile accident, and completed it nine hours later. The recipient, Clovis Roblain, suffered damage during the operation after a decrease in the supply of blood and oxygen to his brain.[148] He never regained consciousness and died 51 hours after receiving the new heart.[149][150]
  • The Abortion Act 1967 came into effect in the UK, legalizing abortion on a number of grounds, with the abortions paid by the National Health Service.[151] The law required an agreement by "two registered medical practitioners" that the risk to the life or to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman would be "greater than if the pregnancy was not terminated" or if there was a substantial risk that the unborn child would be seriously handicapped.[152]
  • The vacant world heavyweight boxing championship was filled by Jimmy Ellis, one year to the day after the World Boxing Association had stripped the title from Muhammad Ali on April 28, 1967. Ellis— who, like Ali, was a native of Louisville, Kentucky— was considered the underdog in the fight in Oakland against Jerry Quarry, won in a split decision after 15 rounds against Quarry, with two judges in his favor and the third calling the bout a draw.[153]
  • U.S. Vice President Hubert Humphrey formally announced that he would seek the Democratic Party nomination to run for President of the United States. Humphrey committed to the run during a speech to supporters at the Shoreham Hotel in Washington, and American television networks interrupted their regular programming to show the speech live.[154][155]
  • National Airlines stopped operating its last Lockheed L-188A Electra propjets and became an "all-jet airline". Its fleet operated Douglas DC-8 and Boeing 727 aircraft.[156] The final flight originated in Boston and made five stops before touching down in Fort Myers, Florida.[157]
  • Born: Ramzi Yousef, convicted Pakistani terrorist who was one of the main perpetrators of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the bombing of Philippine Airlines Flight 434[158][159]

April 28, 1968 (Sunday)

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April 29, 1968 (Monday)

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April 30, 1968 (Tuesday)

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  • The deployment of the 27th U.S. Marine Regimental Landing Team brought the number of Marines stationed in Vietnam to four less than 86,000. The 85,996 U.S. Marines represent the peak of that service branch's presence in the Vietnam War.[166]
  • Officers of the NYPD retook control of five occupied buildings on the campus of Columbia University, arrested 720 demonstrators, and ended the strike that had closed the institution.[167]
  • New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller announced that he would challenge frontrunner Richard M. Nixon for the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States.[168]
  • Jim Cairns unsuccessfully challenged Gough Whitlam for leadership of the Australian Labor Party. The ALP caucus gave Whitlam 38 votes and Cairns 32.[169]
  • Died: Clovis Roblain, 65, died less than six hours after receiving the first heart transplant performed in Europe[170]

References

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  1. ^ "Andy Griffith Yields "Mayberry" to New Cast— Series Will Continue With Shift in Action", Arizona Star (Tucson), March 30, 1968, pB-17
  2. ^ "Mayberry R.F.D." – via www.imdb.com.
  3. ^ A. J. C. Lavalle, The Vietnamese Air Force, 1951-1975: An Analysis of Its Role in Combat and Fourteen Hours at Koh Tang Front Cover (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975) p53
  4. ^ "高知県の地震活動の特徴". www.jishin.go.jp. 地震調査研究推進本部. Archived from the original on 2011-03-23.
  5. ^ "Two Quakes Jolt Japan", Pittsburgh Post Gazette, April 2, 1968, p13
  6. ^ "Red Scientist Dies '5th Time'", Pittsburgh Press, April 2, 1968, p8
  7. ^ "North Viet 'Willing To Talk' About Conditions For Peace— Hanoi Seeks Complete Halt Of Bombing", Pittsburgh Press, April 3, 1968, p1
  8. ^ "Prima puntata de "La famiglia Benvenuti"" (in Italian). Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  9. ^ "Baader, Andreas", in Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups by Stephen E. Atkins (Greenwood Publishing, 2004) p37
  10. ^ The Statesman's Year-Book 1968-69, ed. by S. H. Steinberg (Springer, 1968) p xiv
  11. ^ "Central Africa Charter Looms", Orlando (FL) Evening Star, April 2, 1968, p1
  12. ^ Otto F. A. Meinardus, Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity (American University in Cairo Press, 2002) p79
  13. ^ Mike Ryan, The Operators: Inside the World's Special Forces (Skyhorse Publishing, 2008) p107
  14. ^ Kim R. Holston, Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973 (McFarland, 2012) p214
  15. ^ Flescher, Andrew Michael (2003). Heroes, Saints, and Ordinary Morality. Georgetown University Press. p. 184.
  16. ^ Gottheimer, Josh, ed. (2009). Ripples Of Hope: Great American Civil Rights Speeches. Basic Books.
  17. ^ "Dr. King Scoffs at Court Ban of Memphis March Monday". San Bernardino County Sun. San Bernardino County, California. April 4, 1968. p. 4.
  18. ^ "Martin King Fights Memphis Court Rule". El Paso Herald-Post. El Paso, Texas. April 4, 1968. p. 25.
  19. ^ a b c Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Brooks, Courtney G.; Ertel, Ivan D.; Newkirk, Roland W. "PART II: Apollo Application Program -January 1967 to December 1968.". SKYLAB: A CHRONOLOGY. NASA Special Publication-4011. NASA. pp. 133–135. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  20. ^ Franks, Allison (July 2013). "Jamie Hewlett chats Gorillaz, comics, and his favorite childhood toy". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
  21. ^ "Martin Luther King is slain". Honolulu Star-Bulletin (Final ed.). April 4, 1968. p. 1.
  22. ^ "King Assassinated in Memphis; LBJ Delays Trip to Honolulu". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. April 5, 1968. p. 1.
  23. ^ Bolden, Micah-Sage (2016). "King, Martin Luther, Jr., Assassination of (April 4, 1968)". Crimes of the Centuries: Notorious Crimes, Criminals, and Criminal Trials in American History. ABC-CLIO. pp. 443–444.
  24. ^ Anderson, David L. (1994). "Robert F. Kennedy Speech (April 4, 1968)". In Bodenhamer, David J.; et al. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indiana University Press.
  25. ^ "RFK: Bending History". Scarborough Country. 18 November 2005. Archived from the original on 25 October 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
  26. ^ "Woes plague Saturn flight". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. April 4, 1968. p. 1.
  27. ^ "Troubled U.S. satellite lands in Pacific". Honolulu Star-Bulletin (Final ed.). April 4, 1968. p. 1.
  28. ^ a b United States Space Science Program: Report to COSPAR. National Academy of Sciences. 1969.
  29. ^ "Reformers Fire Czech Regime". Pittsburgh Press. April 6, 1968. p. 1.
  30. ^ "Rev. Cooke Takes Office As New York Archbishop". Bridgeport Post. Bridgeport, Connecticut. April 4, 1968. p. 1.
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  149. ^ "Heart swap man dies in Paris", The Age (Melbourne), May 1, 1968, p1
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  151. ^ "Abortions Now Legal In Britain", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 25, 1968, p2
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  153. ^ "Underdog Ellis Beats Quarry— Louisville Heavy Gains Decision For WBA Crown", Pittsburgh Press, April 28, 1968, p4-1
  154. ^ "HUBERT IN PRESIDENCY BID— Pictures His Bid as One to Unify Country, Party", Chicago Tribune, April 28, 1968, p1
  155. ^ "HHH Throws Hat Into Political Ring", Hartford (CT) Courant, April 28, 1968, p1
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