Amanita crocea
| Saffron ringless amanita | |
|---|---|
| |
| Amanita crocea from Commanster, Belgium | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Amanitaceae |
| Genus: | Amanita |
| Species: | A. crocea
|
| Binomial name | |
| Amanita crocea (Quél. in Bourd.) Singer ex Singer
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Amanita crocea | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is flat or convex |
 | Hymenium is free |
 | Stipe has a volva |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | Edibility is edible but not recommended |
Amanita crocea, the saffron ringless amanita,[2] is a species of Amanita widely distributed in Europe. It is not recommended for consumption due to its similarity to poisonous species of the genus.
Description
[edit]
- Cap: The cap is free of rings with the volva and has a diameter of 5–10 centimetres (2–4 inches), yellow-orange in colour with an apricot tinge at the centre. It expands to become flat or sometimes convex at the umbo, a small raised central area.
- Volva: Thick, white, at least 4–10 cm (1+1⁄2–4 in) wide, saffron orange or a little browner than that in colour in the centre when fresh and paler at the margin.
- Gills: Gills are free and cream in mass (sometimes with a slight salmon or pinkish reflection, and 2–3± millimetres broad.)
- Stem/stipe: The stem or stipe is 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long and 1–1.5 cm in diameter, tapering, decorated with paler fibrils in a "flame" pattern, with the decoration later becoming orange or brown-orange (darker than the underlying stipe surface) with a membranous sack-like volva at the base.
- Spores: The white spores measure (8.0-) 9.4 - 11.8 (-18.8) x (7.5-) 8.5 - 11.0 (-16.0) μm.[3][4]
Similar species
[edit]
It is similar to Amanita fulva (orange-brown ringless amanita or tawny grisette) and A. caesarea (Caesar's mushroom), belonging to the Vaginatae and Caesareae sections of the Amanita genus, respectively.
The edible tawny grisette is a basidiomycete mushroom located in North America and Europe.[5] It is easily confused with the 'death cap', though is not as substantial. The structure is relatively flimsy and the hollow stem often breaks, even when handled very gently.[6] It has fibres on its stalk usually.[7]
The second similar species, the Caesar's mushroom, is the type species (a species to which the name of a genus is permanently linked) of the Caesareae section of the genus Amanita. It has a distinctive orange cap, yellow gills and stem. Similar orange-capped species occur in North America and India.[8][9]
Ecology
[edit]The fungi can occur infrequently between July and October in mycorrhizal with hardwood trees, particularly birch and beech in clearings. Its odour is sweet-smelling and it has a mildly nutty sweet taste.[10] It has also been reported from Iran.[11]
Uses
[edit]While edible, guides advise not to eat it as many similar-looking Amanitas are very poisonous.[12]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Amanita crocea (Quél.) Singer 1951". MycoBank. Archived from the original on 2024-04-21. Retrieved 2004-11-25.
- ^ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
- ^ "Amanita crocea". Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ http://www.first-nature.com/fungi/id_guide/amanitaceae/amanita_crocea.php Archived 2010-12-26 at the Wayback Machine Amanita crocea-Pictures, habitat and identification guide.
- ^ http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5539.asp Archived 2016-12-21 at the Wayback Machine Rogers mushrooms.
- ^ http://www.wildaboutbritain.co.uk/tawny-grisette Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine Tawny Grisette | Wild About Britain.
- ^ http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Taxa/Amanifulva22.html Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine Amanita fulva
- ^ Amanita caesarea. http://alphagamma.150m.com/Amanita_caesarea.html Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ http://www.eticomm.net/~ret/amanita/species/caesarea.html Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine by R.E. Tulloss.
- ^ "Amanita crocea". Archived from the original on 2010-12-26. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ Bahram, M; Asef, M. R.; Zarre, Sh.; M. Abbasi; S. Reidl (2006). "Addition to the knowledge of Amanita (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) from Iran". Rostaniha. 7 (2): 107–119. ISSN 1608-4306.
- ^ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.