Amadiba Crisis Committee
The Amadiba Crisis Committee (ACC) is a social movement based in the Amadiba region of Pondoland in the Eastern Cape, in South Africa. It was formed in 2007 by villagers in and around Xolobeni to fight a proposed titanium mine in their area.[1]
Background
[edit]The Xolobeni village is situated on the Wild Coast in the Pondoland region of the Eastern Cape. During apartheid, the area where the Amadiba are situated was formerly known as the Transkei. It was the site of the 1950-1961 Pondo Revolt which challenged the introduction of the Bantu Authorities and the stealing of their land. It was one of the few regions of the Transkei that was able to resist apartheid government imposed headmen and chiefs, always insisting on choosing their own leadership.[2][3] The Wild Coast is known for its natural beauty and for its natural coastline. It is a popular area for eco-tourism.
Proposed Mine
[edit]The proposed Xolobeni mine is a project by Transworld, a wholly owned subsidiary of Australian corporation Mineral Commodities (MRC). The area is estimated to contain about 348.7 million tonnes of ore grading 5%titanium and 139 million tonnes of titanium-bearing minerals making it potentially one of the biggest titanium mines in the country.[2]
A study from the 2000s by the government of the Eastern Cape raised concerns about the potential environmental hazards caused by mining in the area, including the high water requirements which would require a tailings dam causing a significant impact to the local environment and local estuaries.[4]
Residents in the Coastal Amadiba area have also raised concerns about the possible removal and relocation of their homesteads. About 200 households could be displaced from their homes and their farms as a result. The increased road traffic as a result of the mine and the effect on local eco-tourism which provides a significant amount of jobs in the area as also significant concerns of the ACC.[5][6]
Threats and Assassinations
[edit]The ACC's opposition to the mine has been very controversial. A number of prominent leaders of the ACC have been threatened with assassination with one of its leaders being killed.
In March 2016, ACC chairperson Sikhosiphi Bazooka Rhadebe who was assassinated by unknown gunmen. His family was also injured during the attack. After the incident, the Committee reported that "Rhadebe was shot eight times outside his house at about 7.30pm by two men who arrived at his home in a white vehicle with a blue rotating light on its roof".[7][8] ACC spokesperson Nonhle Mbuthuma has also been the target of numerous death threats. This has been condemned by Amnesty International[9][10]
Opposition to N2 Toll Road
[edit]The Amadiba Crisis Committee has also spearheaded opposition to a proposed N2 Toll Road by the South African National Roads that would cut through Coastal Amadiba land. ACC opposes the road because they claim it would divide its community in two, take away traditional communal land from homesteads as well as threaten the livelihood of community members. They also claim its part of a strategy to subsidise the proposed titanium mine by bringing a national road directly to the land where the mine is being proposed.[11][12]
Opposition to Shell's seismic surveys off the Wild Coast
[edit]The ACC has also been one of the key opponents of a controversial decision by South Africa's Department of Mineral Resources and Energy to award Shell exploration rights to conduct seismic surveys off the Wild Coast. They recently celebrated a victory when the High Court set aside the Department's 2014 decision putting a stop to any exploration for the foreseeable future.[13] [14]
Threats
[edit]In early 2023 the organisation claimed that death threats had been made against two its leaders, Nonhle Mbuthuma and Thwesha Silangwe in relation to opposition to a planned toll road that would run through communally owned and managed land.[15]
References
[edit]- ^ Urson, Ruth; Kessi, Shose; Daya, Shari (2022). "Towards Alternative Spatial Imaginaries: The Case of 'Reclaim the City'". Decolonial Enactments in Community Psychology. pp. 167–190. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75201-9_9. ISBN 978-3-030-75200-2.
- ^ a b "Rural Resistance in South Africa: The Mpondo Revolts after Fifty Years". Rural Resistance in South Africa. Brill. 14 October 2011. ISBN 978-90-04-21495-8.
- ^ Pondoland revolt - 1950 - 1961, South African History Online, 2014
- ^ Wild Coast battle to save land from mining, Tariro Washinyira, Groundup, 12 February 2016
- ^ Villagers call for chief’s head over plan to mine their land, Kwanele Sosibo, Mail and Guardian, 7 May 2015
- ^ Xolobeni - the mine, the murder and the DG , News24, 30 June 2019
- ^ Wild Coast Amadiba mining opponent ‘assassinated’, Tariro Washinyira, Mail and Guardian, 23 March 2016
- ^ Joint NGO statement on assassination of Eastern Cape activist, Centre for Environmental Rights, 23 March 2016
- ^ Death threats as Amadiba Crisis Committee fights for control over land, Tariro Washinyira, Daily Maverick, 19 November 2020
- ^ SOUTH AFRICA Nonhle Mbuthuma Harassed for defending Indigenous rights, Amnesty International
- ^ "Activists urge Ramaphosa to move N2 Wild Coast Toll Road". Groundup. 22 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
- ^ Uproar as South African Community Opposes Proposed Road Project, Lungi Langa, Daily Maverick, 13 September 2021
- ^ Activists celebrate big win for Wild Coast against Mantashe and Shell, Tembile Sgqolana, Daily Maverick, 1 September 2022
- ^ Court ruling on Shell's Wild Coast seismic survey interdict appeal bid welcomed, Lauren Isaacs, EWN, 18 February 2022
- ^ Assassination threats allegedly made over land, Thsela Koteli, OFM, 6 February 2023
External links
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