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Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the road going version of Tipo 33 racing car. For the racing car, see Alfa Romeo Tipo 33. For the 2023 car model which succeeded the model spiritually, see Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale (2023). For other uses, see Alfa Romeo 33 (disambiguation).

Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale
Overview
ManufacturerAlfa Romeo
ProductionNovember 1967 – March 1969
18 produced
AssemblyMilan, Italy (Carrozzeria Marazzi)
DesignerFranco Scaglione[1]
Body and chassis
ClassSports car (S)
Body style2-door coupé
LayoutRear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive
DoorsButterfly
RelatedAlfa Romeo Tipo 33
Powertrain
Engine2.0 L V8
Transmission6-speed Colotti manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,350 mm (92.5 in)
Length3,970 mm (156.3 in)
Width1,710 mm (67.3 in)
Height991 mm (39.0 in)
Curb weight700 kg (1,543 lb)
Chronology
SuccessorAlfa Romeo 33 Stradale (2023) (spiritual)

The Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale is a mid-engine sports car built by Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo. It was the fastest commercially available car for the standing kilometer upon its introduction.[2][3][4] 18 examples were produced between 1967 and 1969. "Stradale" (Italian for "road-going") is a term often used by Italian car manufacturers to indicate a street-legal version of a racing car; indeed the 33 Stradale was derived from the Tipo 33 sports prototype. Built in an attempt by Alfa Romeo to make some of its racing technology available to the public, it was also the most expensive automobile for sale to the public in 1968 at US$17,000.[5]

History

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The 33 Stradale was based on the Autodelta Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 racing car. The car, designed by Franco Scaglione,[6] and built by Carrozzeria Marazzi, made its debut at the Paris Salon de L'Auto on 5 October 1967.[7]

The first prototype (chassis no. 10533.01) was built at Autodelta's workshop in Settimo Milanese, side by side with the Tipo 33 "Periscopica" race car in 1967. The body was built by Franco Scaglione and his team from Carrozzeria Marazzi, while Autodelta worked on the technical aspects of the car. Work to manufacture another magnesium bodied prototype (chassis no. 10533.12) (intended for street racing) was started by Scaglione. However, Marazzi did not finish this until 1968. The two prototypes are the only ones to have the dual headlight arrangement. This was redesigned by Scaglione on the production cars due to regulations on minimum headlight distance from the ground.

The two prototypes carry the project's original serial numbers, 105.33.xx. However, the Tipo 33 racing- and production cars got 750.33.0xx (racing) and 750.33.1xx (stradale) chassis numbers. Marazzi claims to have built 18 chassis. 5 of them were used for 6 concept cars (one chassis was used twice) by Pininfarina, Bertone and Giugiaro/Italdesign and 8 were used for production cars. The rest of the chassis numbers are not confirmed due to a lack of available information as the exact number (allegedly 18) of actual Stradale-chassis (with a 10 cm longer wheelbase than the race cars) doesn't quite match the range of chassis numbers.[citation needed]

The production version of the 33 Stradale was introduced at the Sport Car Show in Monza, Italy in September 1967.[8] The prototype (chassis No. 105.33.01) was sold to the Gallery Abarth in Japan.[3] The second magnesium bodied Stradale prototype (chassis No. 105.33.12) and the five concept cars are now part of the Alfa Romeo Museum.

Specifications

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Body and chassis

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The 33 Stradale is one of the first production vehicles to feature forward- and upward-opening butterfly doors, hinged both at the base and on top of the windshield-frame,[9] allowing the 33 Stradale to also feature side windows which seamlessly curve upward into the roof/canopy of its body. Most cars feature an aluminium body on an aluminium tubular chassis. As a result of being built by hand, each model differs from the others in some details. For example, the position of the windscreen wiper, and some of the later cars having vents added behind both the front and rear wheels to allow hot air from the brakes to escape is a differentiating factor.[10] The car has 13 inches (33 cm) Campagnolo magnesium-alloy wheels – the front and the rear wheels are 8 and 9 inches (20 and 23 cm) wide respectively; the brakes used are disc brakes manufactured by Girling,[8] the rear ones are inboard. The suspension system of the car is directly derived from the Tipo 33 race car, with upper and lower control arms in the front and double trailing arms in the rear, along with substantial anti-roll bars.[11]

Technical specifications
Type 90° DOHC V8
Displacement 1,995 cc (2.0 L; 121.7 cu in)
Bore x stroke 78mm x 52.2mm
Power 230 PS (227 hp; 169 kW) at 8,800 rpm
Torque 206 N⋅m (152 lb⋅ft) at 7,000 rpm
Top speed 260 km/h (162 mph)
0–100 km/h (62 mph) less than 6 seconds (untested)

Engine and transmission

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The race-bred engine bore no resemblance to the mass-produced units in Alfa Romeo's more mainstream vehicles. The engine is closely related to the V8 of the Montreal, albeit with a smaller displacement and a higher power output. The engines, despite being derived from the Tipo 33 racer cars, differed in many details. For example, the 33 Stradale's engines had chain driven camshafts as opposed to the racers' gear driven ones, but the Stradale kept the racing engine's flat plane crankshaft, whereas the Montreal engine had a crossplane crank. Race engineer Carlo Chiti had designed an oversquare bore x stroke of 78 mm × 52.2 mm (3.07 in × 2.06 in) while the all-aluminum 1,995 cc (2.0 L) V8 engine was dry-sump lubricated featuring SPICA fuel injection[12] with four ignition coils and twin spark plugs per cylinder. The engine used four chain-driven camshafts to operate the 2 valves per cylinder valvetrain featuring dual overhead camshafts and had a rev-limit of 10,000 rpm with a compression ratio of 10.5:1 [13] The engine has a maximum power output of 230 PS (227 hp; 169 kW) at 8,800 rpm and 206 N⋅m (152 lb⋅ft) at 7,000 rpm of torque in road trim and 270 PS (266 hp; 199 kW) in race trim.[3] Due to the hand-built nature of the drivetrain, the power output levels can vary by each car produced, for example the first production Stradale (No. 750.33.101) has a factory datasheet that states a power output of 243 PS (240 hp; 179 kW) at 9,400 rpm with a "street" exhaust and 254 PS (251 hp; 187 kW) with open exhaust.[14] The transmission is a 6-speed unit similar to the Tipo 33 race car, designed by Colotti Trasmissioni.[15]

Although the Stradale is a road legal car, it has some limitations which may make the everyday use slightly hard, for example missing locks and limited ground clearance.[8]

Performance

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The car takes less than six seconds to attain 100 km/h (62 mph) from a standing start and has a claimed top speed of 260 km/h (160 mph). In 1968, the German Auto, Motor und Sport magazine measured a top speed of 252 km/h (156.6 mph) and 24.0 seconds for the standing kilometer which made it the fastest commercially available car for this distance at the time. It achieved this using an engine less than half the displacement of those in high-performance contemporary sports cars such as the Lamborghini Miura, Ferrari Daytona, and Maserati Ghibli.[3][4]

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Prototype with twin headlights. (Alfa Romeo museum replica)
Prototype with twin headlights.
(Alfa Romeo Museum replica)
Production version with single headlights.
Production version with single headlights.
Prototype's side profile. (Alfa Romeo museum replica).
Prototype's side profile.
(Alfa Romeo museum replica).
Later production version with side vents both the front and rear wheels.
Later production version with side vents both the front and rear wheels.
Rear three-quarter view of the prototype showcased in the Alfa Romeo Museum.
Rear three-quarter view of the prototype showcased in the Alfa Romeo Museum.
Rear three-quarter view of the production version
Rear three-quarter view of a 33 Stradale.
Interior.
Interior.

Concept cars

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Six concept cars were built on 33 Stradale chassis with bodies designed by various Italian coachbuilders.[16]

Name Designer Debut Dimensions Chassis no.
Alfa Romeo Carabo Marcello Gandini at Bertone 1968 Paris Motor Show 750.33.109[17]
Alfa Romeo P33 Roadster[a] Paolo Martin at Pininfarina 1968 Turin Auto Show 750.33.108[18]
Alfa Romeo Iguana Giorgetto Giugiaro at Italdesign 1969 Turin Auto Show 750.33.116[19]
Alfa Romeo 33/2 Coupé Speciale Leonardo Fioravanti[20] at Pininfarina 1969 Paris Motor Show wheelbase: 2,350 mm (92.5 in) 750.33.115[21]
length x width: 4,000 mm × 1,800 mm (157.5 in × 70.9 in)
height: n/a
weight: 720 kg (1,587 lb)
Alfa Romeo P33 Cuneo Paolo Martin[22] at Pininfarina 1971 Brussels Motor Show 750.33.108[23]
Alfa Romeo Navajo Marcello Gandini at Bertone 1976 Geneva Motor Show wheelbase: 2,430 mm (95.7 in)[24] 750.33.117[25]
length x width: 3,800 mm × 1,860 mm (149.6 in × 73.2 in)[24]
height: 1,050 mm (41.3 in)[24]
weight: 870 kg (1,918 lb)[24]

Bertone

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The Alfa Romeo Carabo displayed at the Arese Museo Storico

Alfa Romeo Carabo

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Main article: Alfa Romeo Carabo

The Carabo is a wedge-shaped coupé with scissor doors and was unveiled in 1968 at the Paris Motor Show. It was designed by Marcello Gandini working under Bertone, who had already built his reputation by designing the Lamborghini Miura.[26]

Alfa Romeo Navajo

Alfa Romeo Navajo

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The Alfa Romeo Navajo concept car was unveiled at the 1976 Geneva Motor Show held in March of that year. It was given a full fibreglass coupé body with a design reminiscent of the angular and bold styling of the 1970s.[27] The car is equipped with 2-litre fuel injected (SPICA) V8 engine producing a power output of around 233 PS (171 kW; 230 hp) at 8,800 rpm.[24]

Pininfarina

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Between 1968 and 1971, Italian design house Pininfarina designed a total of three vehicles on 33 Stradale chassis:

Alfa Romeo P33 Roadster

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The Alfa Romeo P33 Roadster was presented to the public at the Turin Motor Show in November 1968. It was an open-top vehicle with a lower windscreen and a roll bar at rear painted in the colour of the body of the car.[28] The chassis was re-bodied two years later to produce the Cuneo.[29]

The 33/2 Coupé Speciale at the Alfa Romeo Museum

Alfa Romeo 33/2 Coupé Speciale

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The Alfa Romeo 33/2 Coupé Speciale, also known as Alfa Romeo 33.2, was first presented to the public at the Paris Motor Show in 1969. This 2-door coupé was designed by Leonardo Fioravanti, then working at Pininfarina. It bears a striking yellow paint scheme and eatured hydraulically operated butterfly doors and pop-up headlights.[30] The design was influenced by the Ferrari 250 P5 concept shown a year earlier at Geneva.[31]

Alfa Romeo Cuneo

Alfa Romeo P33 Cuneo

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The Alfa Romeo Cuneo originally called 33 Spider at Pininfarina where it was by designed by Paolo Martin. is It is an open-top, wedge-shaped concept and was presented at the Brussels Motor Show in January 1971.[29]

Italdesign

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Alfa Romeo Iguana

Alfa Romeo Iguana

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Main article: Alfa Romeo Iguana


The Iguana concept car, designed by Italdesign Giugiaro, was presented at the Turin Motor Show in November 1969. It is a two-seater sports coupé built on chassis No. 750.33.116. The design showed some new elements, that Giugiaro introduced later in production vehicle designs. The body of the Iguana was painted a metal-flake grey, while the roof frame and cabin pillars were finished in brushed metal, a treatment Giugiaro later applied to the DMC DeLorean. The front end of the Iguana inspired the designs for the Maserati Bora and Merak, and the rear of the car with its high-mounted tail lights formed the basis of the design of the Alfa Romeo Alfasud Sprint. Allegedly, a small series production of the Iguana was planned, but it never materialized.[19]

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A 33 Stradale can be seen in the 1969 Italian movie Un bellissimo novembre.[32][33]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ later rebodied by Pininfarina into the Cuneo

References

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  1. ^ "1967 ALFA ROMEO TIPO 33 STRADALE PROTOTIPO". archivioprototipi.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  2. ^ Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale turns 50, is still the most beautiful car ever...: Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale turns 50, is still the most beautiful car ever... Archived 20 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine, accessdate: 19. June 2019
  3. ^ a b c d Bruno von Rotz (2011). "Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale - Schönheit und Geschwindigkeit in Perfektion". zwischengas.com (in German). Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  4. ^ a b Patrick Lang. "50 JAHRE ALFA ROMEO T33/2 STRADALE". auto-motor-und-sport.de (in German). Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  5. ^ "News". italiaspeed.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
  6. ^ "Most Sensuous Car Shapes Ever Designed". 8 October 2010.
  7. ^ The Revs Institute: The Revs Institute - The Revs Institute, accessdate: 6. June 2019
  8. ^ a b c "Spotlight: The Exquisite Alfa-Romeo Tipo 33 Stradale". autoinjected.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  9. ^ "Dalla 6C 2500 alla 4C Concept, la storia delle sportive Alfa Romeo". panorama-auto.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  10. ^ "Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale". ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  11. ^ Matras, John. "Dancing in the street". www.carbuzzard.com. familycar.com. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  12. ^ "Alfa Romeo 33 Sport Prototipo". geocities.com/mundoalfa (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2007.
  13. ^ "Alfa Romeo 33 Part 1: 33 Stradale". qv500.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2007.
  14. ^ "1968 Alfa Romeo T33 Serial Number 75033.101". ferraris-online.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  15. ^ "Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale turns 50, is still the most beautiful car ever made". drivemag.com. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  16. ^ "THE 33 " STRADALE" AND HER " PROTOTYPE " SISTERS". www.afra.it. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018.
  17. ^ "Alfa Romeo 33 Part 2: 33 Stradale Bertone 'Carabo'". qv500.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008.
  18. ^ "Alfa Romeo 33 Part 3: 33 Stradale Pininfarina 'P33 Roadster'". qv500.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008.
  19. ^ a b "Alfa Romeo 33 Part 5: 33 Stradale Ital Design 'Iguana'". qv500.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008.
  20. ^ "1969 PININFARINA ALFA ROMEO 33/2 COUPE' SPECIALE". archivioprototipi.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  21. ^ "Alfa Romeo 33 Part 4: 33 Stradale Pininfarina 'P33 Coupe'". qv500.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008.
  22. ^ "1971 PININFARINA ALFA ROMEO P33 CUNEO". archivioprototipi.it (in Italian). Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  23. ^ "Alfa Romeo 33 Part 6: 33 Stradale Pininfarina 'Cuneo'". qv500.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
  24. ^ a b c d e "1976 Alfa Romeo Navajo". carfolio.com. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  25. ^ "Alfa Romeo 33 Part 7: 33 Stradale Bertone 'Navajo". qv500.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008.
  26. ^ "Images of the Bertone Carabo". carbodydesign.com. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  27. ^ "Alfa Romeo Navajo". bertone.it/. Archived from the original on 16 December 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
  28. ^ "Image of Sport Roadster". Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  29. ^ a b "33 Spider "Cuneo" - 1971". museoalfaromeo.com. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  30. ^ Sparrow, David; John Tipler (1996). Alfa Romeo Legends. ISBN 1-85532-646-9.
  31. ^ "Présentation Alfa Romeo 33.2 Pininfarina". motorlegend.com (in French). Archived from the original on 7 May 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
  32. ^ "1968 Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale in Un bellissimo novembre". imcdb.org. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
  33. ^ "Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 Stradale on". Youtube.com. 2 April 2009. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
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