Jump to content

2020 China floods

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2020 China floods
Flooded Datong Ancient Town in Tongling, July 2020
Dateearly June[1][2] – September 2020
LocationHunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Chongqing, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Yunnan [3][4][5][2]
Deaths219 dead or missing (as of 13 August 2020)[6][4]
Property damageUS$32 billion (as of 12 October 2020)[7][6][8][9][10]

In early June 2020, heavy rains caused by the regional rainy season led to floods severely affecting large areas of southern China including the Yangtze basin and its tributaries. Rains and floods extended to central and eastern China during July[1][2] and were described as the worst since at least 1998.[11]

According to the Ministry of Emergency Management, by the end of June flooding had displaced 744,000 people across 26 provinces with 81 people missing or dead.[3] As of 13 August, the floods have affected 63.46 million people and caused a direct economic loss of 178.96 billion CNY, which are 12.7% and 15.5% higher than the 2015-2019 average, respectively. 219 people were found dead or are missing, and 54,000 houses collapsed, which is 54.8% and 65.3% lower than the 2015-2019 average, respectively.[6] The Ministry of Water Resources said that a total of 443 rivers nationwide have been flooded, with 33 of them swelling to the highest levels ever recorded.[12] According to statistics from the National Cultural Heritage Administration (NCHA), 76 key national cultural relics and 187 provincial cultural heritage sites have suffered damage of varying degrees.[citation needed]

Affected regions include Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, and Chongqing.[3][5][13] The regions include the upper and middle river basin of the Yangtze and its tributaries. With more rain, floods started to extend to lower regions of the Yangtze basin such as Anhui, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang.[2] Hunan, Fujian, and Yunnan were also affected.

Provinces of China most severely affected by the 2020 floods

Causes of floods

[edit]

Natural causes

[edit]

Hu Xiao from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) indicated that the rains were caused by increased vapors arising from the Indian and Pacific oceans.[14] Many experts believe that climate change due to human activity contributed to the severity of the flooding, and such events may become more frequent in the future.[15][16][17]

Artificial causes

[edit]

The local governments in recent years had made steps to implement nature-based flood mitigation strategies like tree planting, sponge cities and floodplain restoration.[18][19] Experts have noted these measures did have some positive effect as the intensity of precipitation in 2020 is much higher than the rains that caused the 1998 floods, yet the flooding has been less serious and damaging.[18] However, huge challenges in flood management and resilience remain. The Yangtze flows through some of the most productive agricultural, economic and industrial centers in China. With the rapid increase of population in China and breakneck economic growth, a large number of lakes and other wetlands had been reclaimed into farmland or urban development.[20][21] The serious shrinkage and disappearance of lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is an important reason for the aggravation of flood disasters.[22][23][24] In 1915, Dongting Lake was 5,000-square-kilometre (1,900 sq mi).[21] In 2000, it was only 2,625-square-kilometre (1,014 sq mi).[21] In the 1950s, Poyang Lake was 4,350-square-kilometre (1,680 sq mi).[21] In 2000, it was only 3,750-square-kilometre (1,450 sq mi).[21] Hubei was once known as "The Province of a thousand of Lakes".[21] In the late 1950s, there were 1,066 lakes in Hubei.[21] By the early 1980s, only 309 were left.[21][22]

Three Gorges Dam

[edit]
Water level and inflow of Three Gorges Dam

Multiple dams in the Yangtze river basin control floodwaters; the biggest and most important of these is the Three Gorges Dam with its catchment area of about 1,000,000-square-kilometre (390,000 sq mi). It was constructed not only for power generation but also for flood control.[1] By the end of June, the dam had started to release floodwaters.[25] While the CMA indicated flood discharge started on 29 June, satellite images suggest that floodgates were opened already five days earlier.[26] Yichang, a city below the dam, experienced extensive flooding, raising questions about the effectiveness of the flood control by the dam.[27] According to the company that manages the dam, the dam had been "effectively reducing the speed and extent of water level rises on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze".[28] Critics, however, suggest that the dam is "not doing what it is designed for" and unable to deal with severe events.[28] Other experts have pointed out that studies do show that the dam does help alleviate typical flooding during normal years and that the problem is not the design of the dam, but the public's expectation that the dam alone can solve all the problems of flooding on the Yangtze. Particularly, when significant amounts of rainfall occurred downstream of the Three Gorges Dam in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze which will never pass through the dam.[29][30] During July, three flood waves from rains in the upper Yangtze basin arrived at the dam, necessitating the opening of sluice gates multiple times to create space in the reservoir.[31] In Chinese social media it was claimed that this exacerbated downstream flooding, while the dam operators maintained that the action helped to delay floodwaters going downstream.[31] On 15 August, "Flood #4" passed through the Three Gorges reservoir with a maximum inflow of 62,000 cubic meters per second, the highest reached at that time during this flood season.[32] "Flood #5" passed the dam by 22 August when the reservoir's water level reached 167.85 metres, the highest level ever recorded.[33]

According to a member of the expert committee of the state-sanctioned National Disaster Reduction Centre, the restrictions in human flow during the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China halted regular dam maintenance, dam inspection, training of officials and the construction of hydraulic projects, which were scheduled in the winter and spring of 2020.[34]

Flooding by province

[edit]

Anhui

[edit]
Zhenhai Bridge in April 2013
After flooding
On 7 July, Waterlogging in the She County.

On 27 June, a 3-hour total of 118 millimetres (4.6 in) of rain was recorded in Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, of which 94 millimetres (3.7 in) was recorded during 1.5 h from 17:30 p.m. to 19:00 p.m.[35] Some road sections and communities were submerged.[35]

On 6 July, Lecheng Bridge, a Qing dynasty stone arch bridge and provincial cultural relics protection unit in Sanxi Town of Jingde County, was destroyed.[36] On 7 July, some houses along the Shuiyang River in Xuanzhou District of Xuancheng were submerged.[37]

On 7 July, several reservoirs in She County filled over capacity and reached record levels, requiring large releases of water to alleviate the dangerously high storage of water.[38] Homes in She County were inundated. The first day of the National College Entrance Examination (Gaokao) was postponed due to hard rain.[39] On 7 July 2020, Zhenhai Bridge, a large stone arch bridge in Tunxi District of Huangshan City and a "Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level in Anhui", was destroyed by mountain torrents.[40][41]

On 9 July, the Yaodu and Longquan rivers in Dongzhi County exceeded their highest recorded water levels.[42]

All residents in Laozhou Township and Xuba Township of Tongling along the Yangtze River were ordered to evacuate on 11 July.[43][44]

On 14 July, an emergency was issued by the Office of Anhui Provincial Flood Control and Drought Relief, which ordered all residents living in the central island of the Yangtze River or along the Yangtze River in Anqing, Chizhou, Tongling, Wuhu and Maanshan to evacuate.[45]

On 16 July, in Tietong Township of Zongyang County, all the remaining 2,272 people were evacuated except 176 left behind.[46]

On 18 July, the Huai River Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources raised the flood-control response from Level III to Level II.[47]

On 19 July, the Government of Quanjiao County blasted several gaps in Chu River Levee to release floods.[48]

At 8:32 am on 20 July, the Government of Nan County opened sluice gates at Wangjia Dam on the Huai River because water there was building up to too high a level.[49] The last flood discharge was 13 years ago.[49]

At 10:24 a.m. on 21 July, the water level at Zhongmiao Station of Chaohu reached 13.36-metre (43.8 ft), which is the once-in-a-century water level of Chaohu.[50]

On 22 July, five excavators were washed away by the flood in Shida Levee, Lujiang County.[51] That same day, firefighter Chen Lu was swept away by the flood while searching for trapped people in Lujiang County.[52]

On 23 July, in Chaohu, affected by the continuous heavy rainfall, the water level of the Zhegao River rose and streets of Zhegao Town were submerged.[53]

Chongqing

[edit]

At 20:00 p.m. on 22 June, the Qijiang Wucha Hydrological Station in Jiasi Town [zh] recorded a water level of 205.85 metres (675.4 ft), which was 5.34 metres (17.5 ft) higher than the safe water level (200.51 metres (657.8 ft)). The Qijiang Wucha Hydrological Station reached 205.85 metres (675.4 ft), topping the previous record of 205.55 metres (674.4 ft) in 1998 China floods.[54] On 22 June, parts of Qijiang District's Wenlong Subdistrict were submerged, with some roads underwater.[55] 13,874 residents in Qijiang District along the Qi River were ordered to evacuate on 22 June.[55]

On 15 July, hundreds of homes in Miaoba Town [zh] of Chengkou County were evacuated due to catastrophic rain and floods.[56]

At 15:00 p.m. on 17 July, floods burst a bridge in Baojia Town [zh] of Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County, a man fell into the river and disappeared.[57]

On 27 July, affected by persistent heavy rainfall, the first floor of the shops in the town of Ciqikou alongside the Yangtze River were inundated.[58] Parts of Yuzhong District and the entire Caiyuanba Building Materials Market and Fruit Market near the swollen river were inundated.[59]

As of August 16, 2020 the center of the city of Chongqing was flooded under 1 to 2 metres (3 ft 3 in to 6 ft 7 in) of water after the Jialing River overflowed due to heavy rainfall.[citation needed]

On 20 August, the Cuntan Hydrological Station in Chongqing rose over the high of 191.41 metres (628.0 ft), which was set in 1981.[60] Downtown streets, houses, parks, and wharves, were inundated.[61]

Gansu

[edit]

China National Highway 212 was partially washed away, effectively cutting off Wen County from the outside world for three days.[62]

Fujian

[edit]

From 11 to 14 June, a torrential rainfall hit Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County and Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County. On 14 June, Huaxia Minzu School was inundated.[63] On 22 June, homes in Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County were also inundated.[64]

On 9 July, a rainstorm occurred in Nanping, causing floods, landslides and other disasters, many roads were destroyed and crops were flooded.[65] Wuyishan City had serious waterlogging, and the local government issued a rainstorm red warning signal, and Wuyishan Scenic Spot had been closed.[66]

Guangdong

[edit]

On 22 May, the largest one hour rainfall in 2020 in China is Huangpu Bridge of Guangzhou, 168-millimetre (6.6 in).[67] Line 13 of Guangzhou Metro was shut down due to floodwater flowing into the subway tunnel.[68]

At 11:00 a.m. on 8 June, roads and farmland in Lianxin Village of Linjiang Town [zh] in Heyuan were engulfed by floods.[69] The Yonghan Levee on the Dong River collapsed, releasing an 3-metre (9.8 ft) to 5-metre (16 ft) wall of water.[70] Flood surrounded Hekou Village of Yonghan Town [zh] in Longmen County, making it an island.[70] Roads and highways were severely damaged or destroyed in Longmen County.[71]

Guangxi

[edit]

On 7 June, the daily rainfall in Yangshuo County of Guilin was 327.7-millimetre (12.90 in), breaking the local record of daily precipitation.[72] Waterlogging occurred in several towns and townships, including Putao, Baisha and Jinbao [zh].[73] The county seat was underwater when the torrential rainfall hit.[74] The dam of Shazixi Reservoir in Gaotian Town [zh] collapsed, 510 residents were forced to evacuate.[75] Luojin Town [zh] and Baoli Township [zh] of Yongfu County were waterlogged.[75] Maling Town [zh] and Hualong Town [zh] of Lipu alongside Maling River, Lipu River and Hualong River were besieged by flooding.[75]

On 8 June, the Pingle Hydrological Station of Gui River rose to an all-time high of 105.87-metre (347.3 ft) and crossed the danger mark 6.37-metre (20.9 ft), surpassing the previous record set in 1936.[75] National Highway G321 and G323, G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway, and G59 Hohhot–Beihai Expressway were closed due to landslides.[75] In Luorong Town [zh] of Yufeng District, Liuzhou, homes, streets and businesses was underwater when the torrential rainfall hit.[75]

Guizhou

[edit]

From 7:00 a.m. on 11 June to 7:00 a.m. on 12 June, a torrential rain of 264.6 millimetres (10.42 in) fell in Bifeng Town [zh] of Zheng'an County, with the maximum hourly rainfall of 163.3 millimetres (6.43 in), breaking the historical record of Guizhou in one hour.[76] It is also China's largest one hour rainfall, after Guangzhou of 168 millimetres (6.6 in) on 22 May.[76] Throughout the county, 8 people were killed and 5 were missing.[76]

At 7:00 a.m. on 14 June, a total of 438,000 people in 51 counties of 8 cities in Guizhou were affected, 10 people died, 14 people were missing, 21,000 people were forced to evacuate; nearly 100 houses collapsed and more than 8,000 houses were badly damaged; 175,000 hectares (1,750 km2) of crops were affected, including 28,000 hectares (280 km2) will have no harvest; and the direct economic loss was 880 million yuan.[76]

In 26 June, the torrential rainfall hit Rongjiang County, resulting in a direct economic loss of 4.8 million yuan due to rural roads in the county sustained major damage.[77]

At 7:05 a.m. on 8 July, at least six people were killed when a landslide occurred in Shiban village of Songtao Miao Autonomous County.[78]

On 12 July, portions of National Highway G212 in Meijiuhe Town [zh] of Renhuai was closed due to mountain flood.[79] Loushanguan Scenic Spot was also closed.[79]

Hubei

[edit]

As of 13 July in Hubei province, at least 14 people were dead, and five others were missing. Over nine million people were affected.[citation needed]

At 7:00 p.m. on 5 July, the water level of Baiyanghe Reservoir rose to 84.62-metre (277.6 ft).[80] At 12:00 p.m. on 6 July, the dam slipped and deformed, and 29,000 people were evacuated.[80]

At 4 a.m. on 8 July, a landslide caused by heavy rainfall in Yuanshan village of Dahe Town [zh] in Huangmei County, killing eight people.[81]

At 13:00 p.m. on 11 July, the water level of Chang Lake at Jingzhou reached 33.49-metre (109.9 ft), topping the previous record of 33.46-metre (109.8 ft) in 2016.[82]

On 17 July, in Enshi City, the streets and cars were covered in water.[83] All roads in and out of the city were closed.[83]

At 8:00 a.m. on 20 August, the Three Gorges Dam saw an inflow of 75,000-cubic-metre (2,600,000 cu ft) per second, the largest flood peak since the construction of the dam.[84]

Hunan

[edit]

On 29 June, a rainstomm hit in Fenghang County, Xiangxe Tujea and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.[85] The landscape and roads on both sides of Tuo River were inundated.

On 3 July, the Government of Hunaun launched a Level IV emergency response, the lowest in China's four-tier emergency response system, for flood control.[86]

On 8 July, Madian Reservoir of Yueyang County received 303-millimetre (11.9 in) of rainfall in total, representing the highest accumulated rainfall since 1952.[87]

On 8 July, in southwestern Hunan's Zhangjiajie, a man netting fish was swept away by the flood.[88]

Hunan Hydrological and Water Resources Survey Center issued an orange flood warning at 12:20 p.m. on 11 July.[89] At 2:00 p.m. on 11 July, Orange Isle was closed.[90]

On 20 July, the Government of Hunan announced that as of 20 July, persistent heavy rainfall has affected more than 6.01 million people in 117 counties of 14 prefectures in Hunan, and more than 347,000 people have been transferred and resettled urgently.[91]

Jiangxi

[edit]

Jiangxi experienced major floods in July 2020, primarily along the Poyang Lake and its tributaries in Jiujiang, Shangrao, and Pingxiang.

At 0:00 a.m. on 12 July, the water level at Xingzi station of Poyang Lake reached 22.53 metres (73.9 ft), exceeding the record of 22.52 metres (73.9 ft) in 1998 China floods.[92]

Residents were forced to evacuate Jiangzhou Town [zh] and Sanjiao Township [zh] of Jiujiang on 12 July as the flooded river began to overtake homes.[93][94] Jiangzhou is an island in the middle of Yangtze River at the end of the Poyang lake, local government issued a call on social media for everyone from the town aged 18 to 60 to return and help fight the flood, citing a severe lack of hands to reinforce dams.[95]

On 11 July, the Government of Jiangxi raised its flood-control response from level II to level I, the top level of China's four-tier emergency response for floods.[96] Rao River rose to an all-time high of 22.65-metre (74.3 ft), crossing the danger mark and surpassing the previous record of 22.43-metre (73.6 ft) set in 1998.[97][98] Parks, homes, and businesses in Poyang County were overtaken by the Rao River, leaving parts of the county accessible only by boat.[99] The 73123 Army of the Eastern Theater Command Ground Force rushed to Poyang County to fight flood.[100] In Dongzhi County, floods had affected more than 260,000 people, or about half of the county's population.[96]

On the afternoon of 8 July, Qinghua Rainbow Bridge was devastated by flood.[101] In the early morning of 9 July, the highest water level of Sandu Hydrological Station in Wuyuan County reached 62.74-metre (205.8 ft), exceeding the warning water level by 4.74-metre (15.6 ft).[101]

Sichuan

[edit]

On 17 June, heavy rain triggered mudslides and flooding that leaves 2 people missing in Danba County.[102]

From 18 pm 26 June to 1 am on 27 June, a sudden rainstorm occurred in northern Mianning County.[103] National Highway 248 collapsed in the county seat Gaoyang Subdistrict [zh], causing two passing vehicles to fall into river. Only five of the ten passengers were rescued, two died and three were missing.[104] As of 23:00 on 30 June 14 people were killed and 8 people were missing in Gaoyang Subdistrict and Yihai Town [zh]. As of 1 July, 500 hectares (5.0 km2) of crops were affected, 280 hectares (2.8 km2) were damaged and 70 hectares (0.70 km2) will have no harvest, more than 280 houses collapsed or badly damaged and 2,300 houses partially damaged.[103][104]

On 6 July 4 people were missing from the debris flow caused by floods in Zhailong Town [zh] of Xiaojin County.[105]

On 16 July, in Tongchuan District of Dazhou, 7 people went swimming in the river and 2 people were washed away by floods.[106]

In early August, continuous rainfall has caused 22 major rivers in Sichuan to exceed their flood warning levels. Ya'an and Leshan were underwater when the torrential rainfall hit. 100,000 people were evacuated.[107]

On 17 August, in Leshan, floods affected the Leshan Giant Buddha, flood water reached the toes of the Buddha statue for the first time since the establishment of the Communist State in 1949. Local police and scenic area staff placed sandbags at the platform under the statue's feet, building a dam-like structure to protect it.[108][109][110]

On 18 August, the Government of Sichuan launched its Level I emergency response, which is the first time in the history of Sichuan. In Jiuzhaigou County, the Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area announced temporary closure due to safety concerns.[111][112] The Yan'an section of Qingyi River was hit by a major flood rarely seen in a hundred years.[111][113] The lower reaches of Dadu River and Min River were exceeded warning levels. In Pingshan County of Yibin, the government evacuated 2,400 of its residents due to flooding.[114]

On 21 August, days of heavy rainfall triggered a landslide, causing seven people deaths and two missing.[115]

Yunnan

[edit]

From the evening of 29 to 30 June, a heavy rainstorm occurred in Zhenxiong County, Yiliang County, Weixin County and Yanjin County. The level of Baishui River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, had risen 8 metres (26 ft), causing serious floods in towns and townships along the river.[116] As of 21:00 on 30 June, 3,871.54 hectares (38.7154 km2) of crops such as corn, potatoes and tobacco were affected, 3,745.09 hectares (37.4509 km2) were damaged and 84.68 hectares (0.8468 km2) will have no harvest, and more than 90 houses collapsed, 59 houses badly damaged and 90 houses partially damaged.[117]

Zhejiang

[edit]
Flood discharging at Xin'an River Dam

On 29 May, Chunan County suffered the strongest plum rain in history. On 8 July, the level of Qiandao Lake reached its highest level in history.[118] At 9:00 a.m. on 8 July, Xin'an River Hydropower Station began to discharge flood.[119] This is the first time since the completion of the hydropower station that all 9 gates have been fully opened for flood discharge.[119]

Government actions

[edit]

The Chinese government allocated about 309 million yuan (44.2 million U.S. dollars) for disaster relief in flood-hit regions.[citation needed] On 8 and 12 July, Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary and paramount leader Xi Jinping as well as Premier Li Keqiang called successively for all-out efforts in rescue and relief operations in flooded areas across China and stressed that ensuring people's lives and safety is a top priority.[120][121]

On the evening of 12 July, more than 7,000 officers and soldiers of the 71st Group Army and the 72nd Group Army went to Jiujiang and Tongling to participate in flood fighting and emergency rescue tasks.[122][123][124] On the morning of 14 July, more than 3,700 officers and soldiers from the 73rd Group Army rushed to Yugan County to fight against floods and deal with emergencies.[122][123][124] On 14 July, according to the order of the Central Military Commission, more than 16,000 officers and soldiers were sent to Jiujiang, Shangrao and other areas of Jiangxi to fight floods.[122][123][124] At 23:00 on 19 July, the officials of the Central Theater Command arrived in Wuhan, Hubei to command flood fighting and disaster relief.[125] On 22 July, the Chinese government channeled 830 million yuan (119.05 million U.S. dollars) from its central budget to restore water conservancy and agricultural production facilities in 12 provincial flood-hit regions.[citation needed] On 19 August, CCP general secretary Xi Jinping visited Wangjiaba Dam on the Huai River and other flood-hit areas in Fuyang.[126] That same day, Premier Li Keqiang arrived in Chongqing to assess conditions, visiting the village of Shuangba and the historic town of Ciqikou.[126][127]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c de Acosta, Rosa (25 July 2020). "China's Mighty Yangtze Is Heaving From Rain and the Three Gorges Will Be Tested". The Wall Street Journal. Eastern Edition. The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d Yu Zeyuan (9 July 2020). "Floods in China: Can the Three Gorges Dam weather 'once-in-a-century massive floods in the Yangtze River'?". Think China. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  3. ^ a b c Linda Lew (27 June 2020). "After coronavirus, flooding hits southern China with 14 million affected". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  4. ^ a b Raymond Zhong (3 July 2020). "Severe Floods in China Leave Over 106 Dead or Missing". New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  5. ^ a b "More Chinese regions brace for floods as storms shift east". Reuters. 29 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Wang, Yi (13 August 2020). 今年洪涝灾害造成6346万人次受灾 因灾死亡失踪219人. China News (in Chinese). Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  7. ^ "Global Catastrophe Recap September 2020" (PDF). Aon. 8 October 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  8. ^ "国家防总维持长江、淮河防汛II级响应 国家防办、应急管理部继续部署长江、淮河流域防汛救灾工作 国家防总派出两个工作组检查指导黄河、海河流域防汛备汛工作". Ministry of Emergency Management. 22 July 2020. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  9. ^ Matsuda, Naoki (23 July 2020). "Anxiety grows as water level in Three Gorges Dam increases". Nikkei Asian Review. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  10. ^ "Worst floods on record cost China $29B".
  11. ^ Evelyn Cheng (14 July 2020). "Floods and the coronavirus create more uncertainty for China as food prices climb". cnbc.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  12. ^ Nectar Gan (14 July 2020). "China has just contained the coronavirus. Now it's battling some of the worst floods in decades". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  13. ^ "China – Over 1 Million Affected by Floods in Hubei". FloodList. 30 June 2020. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  14. ^ Li Lei, Li Hongyang (2 July 2020). "Warning renewed for torrential rains". Chinadaily. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  15. ^ Yu, Katrina. "Climate change blamed for China flood disaster". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  16. ^ "Why are the floods so severe in China this year?". South China Morning Post. 19 July 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  17. ^ "China braces for more rainstorms over weekend, climate change blamed". Reuters. 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  18. ^ a b "How China's nature-based solutions help with extreme flooding". Public Radio International. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  19. ^ "Controlling Yangtze River Floods: A New Approach". World Resources Institute. 24 June 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  20. ^ Fang, Yongqiang; Du, Shiqiang; Scussolini, Paolo; Wen, Jiahong; He, Chunyang; Huang, Qingxu; Gao, Jun (August 2018). "Rapid Population Growth in Chinese Floodplains from 1990 to 2015". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15 (8): 1602. doi:10.3390/ijerph15081602. ISSN 1661-7827. PMC 6121586. PMID 30060583.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h Shen Xubin (14 July 2017). 五十年代至今，中国有多少湖泊死去？. qq.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  22. ^ a b 湖北湖泊面积五十年消失过半，加剧洪涝灾害. 163.com (in Chinese). 15 July 2016. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  23. ^ Hua Chunhao, ed. (14 September 2016). 武汉发布首部抗洪救灾白皮书 填湖建房是城市内涝祸首. Hubei government (in Chinese). Retrieved 16 July 2020.[permanent dead link]
  24. ^ Dai Yuxi, ed. (8 July 2016). 武汉渍水围城背后的填湖史. Beijing News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  25. ^ Keoni Everington (30 June 2020). "China admits to 'floodwater discharge' from Three Gorges Dam". Taiwan News. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  26. ^ Keoni Everington (13 July 2020). "Satellite images show Three Gorges Dam opening all floodgates". Taiwan News. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  27. ^ Keoni Everington (29 June 2020). "Flooding below China's Three Gorges raises questions about dam". Taiwan News. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  28. ^ a b David Stanway (14 July 2020). "Record Floods Raise Questions About China's Three Gorges Dam". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  29. ^ Gan, Nectar (August 2020). "China's Three Gorges Dam is one of the largest ever created. Was it worth it?". CNN. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  30. ^ Wong, Dennis. "China's worst floods in decades". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  31. ^ a b Nectar Gan (31 July 2020). "China's Three Gorges Dam is one of the largest ever created. Was it worth it?". CNN. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  32. ^ Keoni Everington (17 August 2020). "Sichuan hit by biggest flood in 70 years, Three Gorges downstream". Taiwan News. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  33. ^ "Latest flood on China's Yangtze River passes Three Gorges Dam". Xinhua. 22 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  34. ^ 王丽娜; 徐辰烨 (5 July 2020). 1998年特大洪涝灾害会重现吗？专家称当前防洪压力在中小河流. Sina. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Originally interviewed and published by 财经 magazine.
  35. ^ a b Huang Mei (27 June 2020). 强降雨致部分道路短时积水 合肥经开区全力处置. Hefei Online (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  36. ^ Cao Qing (6 July 2020). 旌德一明代古桥被洪水冲坏 为安徽省重点文物保护单位. qq.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  37. ^ Han Jiapeng, ed. (8 July 2020). 安徽宣城水情暴发村子被淹 水位漫过腰部66人被困. 163.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  38. ^ Li Chao (李超), ed. (7 July 2020). 歙县暴雨致高考语文取消 居民:跟当地水库泄水有关. 163.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  39. ^ Wu Hui (巫慧) (7 July 2020). 歙县暴雨严重致高考语文暂取消 教育局称再想办法. Sina (in Chinese). Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  40. ^ Zhang Yanling (张燕玲) (11 July 2020). 安徽黄山将打捞被洪水冲垮的古桥原料：尽快原样修复. Chinanews.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  41. ^ Xu Peng (徐鹏); Zhao Jiahui (赵家慧); Liu Jun (刘军) (7 July 2020). 安徽黄山国家级文物保护单位屯溪镇海桥被洪水冲毁. cnr.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  42. ^ Bu Jing (步静) (9 July 2020). 安徽两河流发生超历史最高水位大洪水. nbd.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  43. ^ Jin Ziming (金子明) (11 July 2020). 铜陵义安区老洲乡众志成城防汛抢险. ifeng.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  44. ^ 直击：安徽铜陵洪水来袭紧急转移安置群众. sina (in Chinese). 12 July 2020. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  45. ^ Zhang Tengfei (张腾飞) (14 July 2020). 安徽发布紧急命令：撤离. thepaper.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  46. ^ 洪水肆掠 老人带家禽一起走. Sina (in Chinese). 16 July 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  47. ^ "China floods: Huai river alert level raised amid heavy rains". BBC. 19 July 2020. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  48. ^ 全椒县滁河爆破泄洪后现场直击 村民：能保住更多地方是大事. Sina (in Chinese). 20 July 2020. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  49. ^ a b Zhang Xiting (张熙廷) (20 July 2020). 安徽王家坝13年来首次开闸泄洪，2000余人连夜转移. Beijing News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  50. ^ 巢湖中庙站水位攀升至13.36米，已达百年一遇标准. The Paper (in Chinese). 21 July 2020. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  51. ^ Zhang Tengfei; Guan Meilu (22 July 2020). 安徽庐江县石大圩决堤 5台挖掘机被冲走. Beijing News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  52. ^ Chen Ruihai (陈锐海) (26 July 2020). 安徽庐江被洪水冲走的消防员遗体被找到. cnr.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  53. ^ 安徽巢湖柘皋镇被洪水围困. 163.com (in Chinese). 24 July 2020. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  54. ^ Qin Jianxing (覃建行); Peng Qinqin (彭骎骎) (22 June 2020). 重庆綦江遇1998年以来最大洪峰 超保证水位近5米. caixin.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  55. ^ a b Liu Xianglin (刘相琳) (22 June 2020). 直击重庆綦江超历史洪水：居民楼二层淹水中 已致4.3万人受灾. Chinanews.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  56. ^ 洪水漫上公路！城口庙坝镇紧急转移全场镇群众. Sohu (in Chinese). 15 July 2020. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  57. ^ 彭水县一封闭老桥垮塌 1人强行穿过警戒线不幸落水失踪. Sohu (in Chinese). 18 July 2020. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  58. ^ 长江2020年最大洪水过境重庆主城. Yicai (in Chinese). 27 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  59. ^ Xianglin, Liu (27 July 2020). 今年长江上游最大洪水过境重庆主城 首现超警戒水位. China News (in Chinese). Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  60. ^ Ke Gaoyang (柯高阳) (20 August 2020). 寸滩水文站洪水位突破191.41米 长江重庆段迎最大洪峰. scol.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  61. ^ Deng Chao (19 August 2020). "Flooding Again Pounds China's Three Gorges Dam". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  62. ^ "三天四夜，他们打通文县212国道"生命线" 文县公路段抢修国道212线公路侧记-甘肃-每日甘肃网". gansu.gansudaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  63. ^ Zhang Yong (张勇) (14 June 2020). 重庆石柱强降雨险情频发 当地消防一早转移40名被困群众. Sohu (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  64. ^ Chen Bisheng (陈碧生) (24 June 2020). 重庆酉阳遭受新一轮暴雨袭击 龙潭水库泄洪. qq.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  65. ^ Huang Tao (黄涛) (10 July 2020). 福建南平遭强降雨袭城 道路被毁农田被淹. weather.com.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  66. ^ Zhang Ziya (张子亚) (9 July 2020). 暴雨致武夷山市城区积水 武夷山风景区全面闭园 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  67. ^ Nie Weimin (聂卫民), ed. (22 May 2020). 522广东多地遭特大暴雨突袭. qq.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  68. ^ Liu Haonan (刘浩南) (22 May 2020). 广州特大暴雨积水倒灌，致地铁13号线停运. Beijing News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  69. ^ Zheng Jianlong (郑健龙) (9 June 2020). "龙舟水"来袭 广东全力防御. Yangcheng Evening News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  70. ^ a b 龙门永汉河决堤80米 合口村一度成泽国 今天记者走进灾后龙门. 163.com (in Chinese). 11 June 2020. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  71. ^ Xie Zhiqing (谢志清), ed. (9 June 2020). 今天惠州降水仍频繁，北部有暴雨到大暴雨. southcn.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  72. ^ Deng Qi (邓琦) (11 June 2020). 大数据：南方局地一天下完北京大半年的雨. Beijing News (in Chinese). Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  73. ^ Liu; Xian (8 June 2020). 航拍桂林阳朔"孤岛"甲秀桥停满避难车辆. chinanews.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  74. ^ Tang; Aichun (7 June 2020). 普降暴雨，内涝严重！阳朔启动紧急响应抗洪救灾. ngzb.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  75. ^ a b c d e f 广西多地遭遇特大暴雨侵袭 今明两天才是降雨巅峰期. Guangxi News (in Chinese). 18 June 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  76. ^ a b c d Sun Zhicheng (孙志成) (15 June 2020). 死亡和失踪24人，贵州遭60年来最强暴雨，一对夫妻赶回家前母亲女儿不幸被冲走. nbd.com.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  77. ^ Li Changhua (李长华) (29 June 2012). 贵州：榕江县交通部门奋力抢修水毁公路保畅通（图）. chinahighway.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  78. ^ Yuan Chao (袁超); Zhang Wei (张伟) (9 July 2020). 贵州松桃山体滑坡：村民连夜撤离并得到妥善安置. chinanews.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  79. ^ a b 遵义这个景点临时关闭！G212国道美酒河镇马岩滩路段禁止通行. qq.com (in Chinese). 12 July 2020. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  80. ^ a b Ma Furong (马芙蓉); Zhou Yong (周勇) (7 July 2020). 湖北一中型水库出现散浸和脱坡 转移民众2.8万余人. Sohu (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  81. ^ Wang Fang (王方) (9 July 2020). 湖北黄梅山体滑坡致9人被埋 搜救已结束仅1人生还. qq.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  82. ^ Ni Jingyi (倪晶依) (11 July 2020). 长湖水位高出湖北荆州城区2米多！已超历史最高水位. cctv.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  83. ^ a b Liu Guangbo (刘光博) (17 July 2020). 湖北恩施严重内涝！警方：非抢险救援车不得上路. Sina (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  84. ^ Shunsuke Tabeta (20 August 2020). "China's Three Gorges Dam faces record high water levels". nikkei.com. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  85. ^ 凤凰古城突降暴雨河水猛涨，河畔景观道路部分被洪水淹没. Sohu (in Chinese). 30 June 2020. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  86. ^ "China's Hunan launches emergency response for flood control". Xinhua. 3 July 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  87. ^ Tan Wei (8 July 2020). 岳阳迎战1952年以来最强降水！城区启动防汛I级应急响应！. Changsha Evening News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  88. ^ 湖南张家界一男子在洪水中网鱼，却被渔网拉下水，6秒后消失不见 (in Chinese). Sina. 10 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  89. ^ Long Teng (11 July 2020). 湖南再次发布洪水橙色预警 洞庭湖多河段将出现超警戒水位. hunan.voc.com.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  90. ^ Wang Haohao (11 July 2020). 湖南再发洪水橙色预警 长沙橘子洲景区紧急闭园. China News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  91. ^ Yang Jian (21 July 2020). 2020湖南洪水最新情况：多少市州、人员受灾. mnw.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  92. ^ 紧急！鄱阳湖水位突破1998年历史极值！全省521.3万人受灾. thepaper.cn (in Chinese). 12 July 2020. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  93. ^ Hong Yonglin (洪永林) (12 July 2020). 战汛：江洲镇分批转移老弱病残，青壮年继续全力抗洪. thepaper.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  94. ^ Hu Xiao (胡啸); Fan Cunbao (范存宝) (13 July 2020). 江西三角联圩新建区大塘坪乡责任段溃堤 永修紧急转移群众. ifeng.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  95. ^ Lusha Zhang; Ryan Woo (11 July 2020). "China's southern Jiangxi province declares highest flood alert". reuters.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  96. ^ a b "China's Jiangxi raises flood response to highest level". xinhuanet.com. 12 July 2020. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  97. ^ 江西饶河鄱阳站水位破1998年历史极值，仍在上涨. thepaper.cn (in Chinese). 12 July 2020. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  98. ^ 江西饶河鄱阳站水位破1998年历史极值. Sohu (in Chinese). 12 July 2020. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  99. ^ 江西鄱阳：饶河水位上涨 村庄被淹. thecover.cn (in Chinese). 8 July 2020. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  100. ^ 行动！1500名官兵奔赴鄱阳抗洪抢险. sina (in Chinese). 12 July 2020. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  101. ^ a b Yang Jie (杨杰), ed. (9 July 2020). 江西婺源：全网寻找被洪水冲走的彩虹桥相关木构建线索. Sina (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  102. ^ "Landslide hits southwest China". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  103. ^ a b Li Gui (李桂) (1 July 2020). 冕宁特大暴雨中的大堡子村：河流改道，山石砸毁民房. Beijing News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  104. ^ a b Xiao Yang (肖洋); Xu Xiangdong (徐湘东) (30 June 2020). 冕宁特大暴雨受灾村民回忆：洪水在身后十余米 跳到高处躲过一劫. thecover.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  105. ^ Zhang Huawei (章华维); Gao Hongxia (高红霞) (6 July 2020). 四川小金县泥石流致4人失联 小金公安正全力救援. people.com.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  106. ^ 辟谣：达州有人拍视频遭水冲走 真相：7人下河漂流2人失联. qq.com (in Chinese). 17 July 2020. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  107. ^ 四川22条主要河流及支流现超警超保水位. Sina (in Chinese). 19 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  108. ^ "China record floods wet feet of Leshan Giant Buddha". BBC. 19 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  109. ^ Rob Picheta (20 August 2020). "Flood waters reach the toes of China's famous giant Buddha statue". cnn.com. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  110. ^ Yu Li (余里) (18 August 2020). 乐山大佛脚趾头被洪水漫过 系新中国成立以来的首次！. china.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  111. ^ a b "SW China's Sichuan activates top flood emergency response". Xinhuanet.com. 18 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  112. ^ 紧急！九寨沟关闭.... 163.com (in Chinese). 19 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.[permanent dead link]
  113. ^ Wang Chengdong (王成栋); Shao Mingliang (邵明亮); Tang Zewen (唐泽文) (19 August 2020). 青衣江"百年一遇"洪峰，防御重心为何是乐山？. Sina (in Chinese). Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  114. ^ Wang Jinan (王吉南) (18 August 2020). 宜宾屏山多地被淹 已安全转移2400人（多图）. scol.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  115. ^ 四川雅安山体滑坡致7死2失联 官方：9人入夜后私自返家. qq.com (in Chinese). 23 August 2020. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  116. ^ Li Tengfei (李腾飞) (1 July 2020). 云南省昭通市突降暴雨 江水洪峰过境多地道路中断引发汛情. cnr.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  117. ^ Zhang Yong (张勇) (2 July 2020). 云南昭通暴雨导致9万人受灾 3人遇难1人失踪. gmw.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  118. ^ 史上最强梅雨 史上最高水位 淳安挺住！. Zhejiang Online. 10 July 2020. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  119. ^ a b Chen Linsen; Lin Jian'an; Chen Zhongqiu (9 July 2020). 新安江水库9孔泄洪10小时后 建德城区目前情况(图). Sina (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  120. ^ 李克强部署防汛救灾：各级防汛责任人要下沉一线. gov.cn (in Chinese). 10 July 2020. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  121. ^ Liu Pai (刘湃) (12 July 2020). 习近平对进一步做好防汛救灾工作作出重要指示 要求压实责任 勇于担当 深入一线 靠前指挥 尽最大努力保障人民群众生命财产安全. chinanews.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  122. ^ a b c 2.9万余名官兵奋战抗洪一线，全力守护人民生命财产安全. thepaper.cn (in Chinese). 15 July 2020. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  123. ^ a b c Yue Huairang (岳怀让) (15 July 2020). 东部战区陆军下辖三大集团军均已派官兵增援抗洪一线. ifeng.com (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  124. ^ a b c Chen Li (陈利); Zhou Yuan (周远); Wu Min (吴敏) (15 July 2020). 紧急驰援！2.9万余名官兵、5000余名民兵战斗在抗洪一线. Sohu (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  125. ^ 中部战区派出前指，一线指挥驻鄂部队投入抗洪抢险任务. qq.com (in Chinese). 19 July 2020. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  126. ^ a b Phoebe Zhang (20 August 2020). "Chinese megacity Chongqing braces for record flood". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  127. ^ Tang Yingzi; Li Hongyang (21 August 2020). "Chongqing flooding considered among worst city has ever seen". Chinadaily. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_China_floods&oldid=1250012211"