2000 Tour de France
Race details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dates | 1–23 July 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stages | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distance | 3,662 km (2,275 mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Winning time | 92h 33' 08" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 2000 Tour de France was a multiple stage bicycle race held from 1 to 23 July, and the 87th edition of the Tour de France. There was no overall winner following a vacating of results by the United States Anti-Doping Agency announcement on 24 August 2012 that they had disqualified Lance Armstrong from all his results since 1 August 1998, including his seven Tour de France wins from 1999 to 2005; the Union Cycliste Internationale confirmed the result.
The Tour started with an individual time trial in Futuroscope (not an official prologue because it was longer than 8 km)[3] and ended, traditionally, in Paris. The distance travelled was 3663 km (counter-clockwise around France). The Tour passed through Switzerland and Germany.
Before the race started, there were several favourites:[4] Armstrong, after his 1999 Tour de France victory; Jan Ullrich, having won the 1997 Tour de France, finishing second in the 1996 and 1998 tours, and not entering the 1999 Tour due to an injury; and 1998 Tour winner Marco Pantani. Richard Virenque finished 8th place in the 1999 Tour despite bad preparation, and for the 2000 edition he was considered an important rider. Fernando Escartín, Bobby Julich, Alexander Vinokourov and Alex Zülle were also considered contenders.
Teams
[edit]17 teams were automatically selected based on their UCI rankings. In addition, three teams were given wildcards by organisers of the Tour, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO).[5] Each of these 20 teams sent 9 cyclists, for a total of 180:[6][7] Before the start, each rider had to do a health check. Three riders failed this health check; Sergei Ivanov, from Farm Frites; Rossano Brasi, from Team Polti; Andrei Hauptman, from Vini Caldirola–Sidermec; all because they had a hematocrit value above 50%. The race thus started with 177 cyclists.[8]
The teams entering the race were:[8]
Qualified teams
Invited teams
Route and stages
[edit]The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,642 m (8,668 ft) at the summit of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 15.[9]
Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | Winner | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 July | Futuroscope | 16.5 km (10.3 mi) | Individual time trial | David Millar (GBR) | |
2 | 2 July | Futuroscope to Loudun | 194.0 km (120.5 mi) | Plain stage | Tom Steels (BEL) | |
3 | 3 July | Loudun to Nantes | 161.5 km (100.4 mi) | Plain stage | Tom Steels (BEL) | |
4 | 4 July | Nantes to Saint-Nazaire | 70.0 km (43.5 mi) | Team time trial | ONCE–Deutsche Bank | |
5 | 5 July | Vannes to Vitré | 202.0 km (125.5 mi) | Plain stage | Marcel Wüst (GER) | |
6 | 6 July | Vitré to Tours | 198.5 km (123.3 mi) | Plain stage | Léon van Bon (NED) | |
7 | 7 July | Tours to Limoges | 205.5 km (127.7 mi) | Plain stage | Christophe Agnolutto (FRA) | |
8 | 8 July | Limoges to Villeneuve-sur-Lot | 203.5 km (126.4 mi) | Plain stage | Erik Dekker (NED) | |
9 | 9 July | Agen to Dax | 181.0 km (112.5 mi) | Plain stage | Paolo Bettini (ITA) | |
10 | 10 July | Dax to Hautacam | 205.0 km (127.4 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Javier Otxoa (ESP) | |
11 | 11 July | Bagnères-de-Bigorre to Revel | 218.5 km (135.8 mi) | Hilly stage | Erik Dekker (NED) | |
12 July | Provence | Rest day | ||||
12 | 13 July | Carpentras to Mont Ventoux | 149.0 km (92.6 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Marco Pantani (ITA) | |
13 | 14 July | Avignon to Draguignan | 185.5 km (115.3 mi) | Plain stage | José Vicente Garcia (ESP) | |
14 | 15 July | Draguignan to Briançon | 249.5 km (155.0 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Santiago Botero (COL) | |
15 | 16 July | Briançon to Courchevel | 173.5 km (107.8 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Marco Pantani (ITA) | |
17 July | Courchevel | Rest day | ||||
16 | 18 July | Courchevel to Morzine | 196.5 km (122.1 mi) | Stage with mountain(s) | Richard Virenque (FRA) | |
17 | 19 July | Évian-les-Bains to Lausanne | 155.0 km (96.3 mi) | Hilly stage | Erik Dekker (NED) | |
18 | 20 July | Lausanne to Freiburg (Germany) | 246.5 km (153.2 mi) | Plain stage | Salvatore Commesso (ITA) | |
19 | 21 July | Freiburg (Germany) to Mulhouse | 58.5 km (36.4 mi) | Individual time trial | ||
20 | 22 July | Belfort to Troyes | 254.5 km (158.1 mi) | Plain stage | Erik Zabel (GER) | |
21 | 23 July | Paris (Eiffel Tower)[12] to Paris (Champs-Élysées) | 138.0 km (85.7 mi) | Plain stage | Stefano Zanini (ITA) | |
Total | 3,662 km (2,275 mi)[13] |
Race overview
[edit]The first stage was won by British cyclist David Millar, with Lance Armstrong only 2 seconds behind in second place. Of the other pre-race favourites, Laurent Jalabert, Jan Ullrich and Alex Zülle all lost less than 20 seconds. Virenque, Vinokourov and Escartin lost around 1:30 on Armstrong, while Marco Pantani lost more than 2 minutes. The next two stages were sprinter stages, both won by Tom Steels, not changing much in the overall classification. Stage 4, a team time trial, was won by the ONCE cycling team, and after that stage the top 10 included 8 ONCE cyclists, including leader Laurent Jalabert.
In stage 6, 12 cyclists broke away and kept a 7:49-minute lead, which shook up the classification. Alberto Elli, one of the escapees, took over the yellow jersey.
In stage 10, the Tour entered the mountains. The stage, which finished at Hautacam, was won by Spaniard Javier Otxoa, but Lance Armstrong finished second and took the yellow jersey, with Ullrich in second place, more than 4 minutes behind. The 12th stage, finishing on Mont Ventoux, was won by Marco Pantani, but Lance Armstrong finished second with the same time, so Armstrong increased his lead. Stage 15 was also won by Pantani, but again Armstrong gained time on second-place Ullrich, who was 7:26 behind. On the 16th stage, Armstrong had a bad day and lost time. Ullrich's gap shrunk to 5:37.
On stage 17, Erik Dekker won his third stage of the Tour. Stage 19, an individual time trial, was the last chance to change the general classification, although it was very unlikely that time trial specialist Armstrong would lose his 5:37 lead. Armstrong eventually went on to win the stage, and secured his Tour win. He maintained his lead in the final two stages.[14]
Doping
[edit]Subsequent to Armstrong's statement to withdraw his fight against United States Anti-Doping Agency's (USADA) charges, on 24 August 2012, the USADA said it would ban Armstrong for life and stripped him of his record seven Tour de France titles.[15][16] Later that day it was confirmed in a USADA statement that Armstrong was banned for life and would be disqualified from any and all competitive results obtained on and subsequent to 1 August 1998, including forfeiture of any medals, titles, winnings, finishes, points and prizes.[1] On 22 October 2012, the Union Cycliste Internationale endorsed the USADA sanctions, and decided not to award victories to any other rider or upgrade other placings in any of the affected events.[2]
Classification leadership and minor prizes
[edit]There were several classifications in the 2000 Tour de France.[17] The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[18]
Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[19]
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.[20]
The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible. Up until 1989 the leader received a white jersey. After 1989 the white jersey was no longer awarded, but the classification was still held. In 2000 the race organisers decided to start awarding the white jersey.[21]
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time.[22]
In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative, who wore a red number bib the next stage. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification.[23] Erik Dekker won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award.[24] The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier.[25] This prize was won by Pascal Hervé during stage 15.[26] There was also a Souvenir in honour of Gino Bartali, winner of the 1938 and 1948 Tours, given first rider atop the Col d'Izoard on stage 14.[25] This award was won by Santiago Botero.[27]
- In stage 2,
Lance Armstrong[a] wore the green jersey. - In stages 2 through 4, David Cañada wore the white jersey.
Final standings
[edit]Legend | |||
---|---|---|---|
Denotes the leader of the points classification[30] | Denotes the leader of the mountains classification[30] | ||
Denotes the leader of the young rider classification[30] | Denotes the winner of the super-combativity award[30] |
General classification
[edit]Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
---|---|---|---|
DSQ | |
||
2 | Jan Ullrich (GER) | Team Telekom | + 6' 02" |
3 | Joseba Beloki (ESP) | Festina | + 10' 04" |
4 | Christophe Moreau (FRA) | Festina | + 10' 34" |
5 | Roberto Heras (ESP) | Kelme–Costa Blanca | + 11' 50" |
6 | Richard Virenque (FRA) | Team Polti | + 13' 26" |
7 | Santiago Botero (COL) | Kelme–Costa Blanca | + 14' 18" |
8 | Fernando Escartín (ESP) | Kelme–Costa Blanca | + 17' 21" |
9 | Francisco Mancebo (ESP) | Banesto | + 18' 09" |
10 | Daniele Nardello (ITA) | Mapei–Quick-Step | + 18' 25" |
Points classification
[edit]Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Erik Zabel (GER) | Team Telekom | 321 |
2 | Robbie McEwen (AUS) | Farm Frites | 203 |
3 | Romans Vainsteins (LAT) | Vini Caldirola–Sidermec | 184 |
4 | Emmanuel Magnien (FRA) | Française des Jeux | 157 |
5 | Erik Dekker (NED) | Rabobank | 138 |
6 | Stefano Zanini (ITA) | Mapei–Quick-Step | 130 |
7 | Jacky Durand (FRA) | Lotto–Adecco | 130 |
8 | François Simon (FRA) | Bonjour | 122 |
9 | Salvatore Commesso (ITA) | Saeco–Valli & Valli | 118 |
10 | Nico Mattan (BEL) | Cofidis | 106 |
Mountains classification
[edit]Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Santiago Botero (COL) | Kelme–Costa Blanca | 347 |
2 | Javier Otxoa (ESP) | Kelme–Costa Blanca | 283 |
3 | Richard Virenque (FRA) | Team Polti | 267 |
4 | Pascal Hervé (FRA) | Team Polti | 234 |
5 | Nico Mattan (BEL) | Cofidis | 164 |
DSQ | |||
7 | Fernando Escartín (ESP) | Kelme–Costa Blanca | 149 |
8 | Roberto Heras (ESP) | Kelme–Costa Blanca | 113 |
9 | Joseba Beloki (ESP) | Festina | 112 |
10 | José María Jiménez (ESP) | Banesto | 110 |
Young rider classification
[edit]Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Francisco Mancebo (ESP) | Banesto | 92h 51' 17" |
2 | Guido Trentin (ITA) | Vini Caldirola–Sidermec | + 17' 48" |
3 | Grischa Niermann (GER) | Rabobank | + 33' 57" |
4 | David Cañada (ESP) | ONCE–Deutsche Bank | + 59' 35" |
5 | David Millar (GBR) | Cofidis | + 1h 54' 54" |
6 | Salvatore Commesso (ITA) | Saeco–Valli & Valli | + 2h 10' 39" |
7 | David Moncoutié (FRA) | Cofidis | + 2h 14' 17" |
8 | Benoît Joachim (LUX) | U.S. Postal Service | + 2h 27' 47" |
9 | Andreas Klier (GER) | Farm Frites | + 2h 39' 55" |
10 | Magnus Bäckstedt (SWE) | Crédit Agricole | + 3h 02' 18" |
Team classification
[edit]Rank | Team | Time |
---|---|---|
1 | Kelme–Costa Blanca | 278h 10' 47" |
2 | Festina | + 13' 42" |
3 | Banesto | + 18' 21" |
4 | Team Telekom | + 40' 08" |
5 | Lotto–Adecco | + 1h 11' 50" |
6 | Rabobank | + 1h 16' 34" |
7 | ONCE–Deutsche Bank | + 1h 36' 14" |
8 | U.S. Postal Service | + 1h 46' 04" |
9 | Mapei–Quick-Step | + 1h 50' 17" |
10 | Cofidis | + 2h 06' 48" |
Combativity classification
[edit]Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Erik Dekker (NED) | Rabobank | 99 |
2 | Santiago Botero (COL) | Kelme–Costa Blanca | 98 |
3 | Christophe Agnolutto (FRA) | AG2R Prévoyance | 79 |
4 | Jacky Durand (FRA) | Lotto–Adecco | 77 |
5 | Jens Voigt (GER) | Crédit Agricole | 70 |
6 | Javier Otxoa (ESP) | Kelme–Costa Blanca | 53 |
7 | Didier Rous (FRA) | Bonjour | 44 |
8 | Salvatore Commesso (ITA) | Saeco–Valli & Valli | 44 |
9 | François Simon (FRA) | Bonjour | 38 |
10 | Massimiliano Lelli (ITA) | Cofidis | 33 |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h On 24 August 2012, the United States Anti-Doping Agency announced that they had disqualified Armstrong from all his results since 1998, including his victory in the 2000 Tour de France.[1] The Union Cycliste Internationale, responsible for the international cycling, confirmed this verdict on 22 October 2012.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Lance Armstrong Receives Lifetime Ban And Disqualification Of Competitive Results For Doping Violations Stemming From His Involvement In The United States Postal Service Pro-Cycling Team Doping Conspiracy". United States Anti-Doping Agency. 24 August 2012. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- ^ a b "Lance Armstrong stripped of all seven Tour de France wins by UCI". BBC News. 22 October 2012. Archived from the original on 8 September 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- ^ "Tour de France for dummies: Time Trials, Mountains Stages, Prologues, and More". Archived from the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2007.
- ^ Tour de France 2000 favorieten (in Dutch) Archived 1 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine, NRC
- ^ "Tour de France teams 2000". Cyclingnews. 1 June 2000. Archived from the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ a b "87ème Tour de France 2000" [87th Tour de France 2000]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Retrieved 6 April 2020.
- ^ "Complete starting list". Cyclingnews. 30 June 2000. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Year 2001 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ "87th Tour de France – The Climbs". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
- ^ "Tour de France 200 – Route". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 3 December 2000. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 2000 – The stage winners". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ Jones, Jeff (23 July 2000). "Mapei end it in a thrilling finale". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ^ Augendre 2016, p. 110.
- ^ Jones, Jeff (23 July 2000). "Mapei end it in a thrilling finale". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- ^ "Lance Armstrong will be banned from cycling by USADA after saying he won't fight doping charges". The Washington Post. 24 August 2012. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
- ^ "USADA to ban Armstrong for life, strip Tour titles". CBS News. Archived from the original on 24 August 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–455.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–453.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 453–454.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 454–455.
- ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 455.
- ^ van den Akker 2018, pp. 211–216.
- ^ a b "Tour de France 2000 – Overall combativity standings". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 12 August 2004. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ a b Race regulations 2000, p. 37.
- ^ Maloney, Tim (16 July 2000). "Pantani powers to second stage win". Cyclingnews.com. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ Maloney, Tim (16 July 2000). "Botero breaks through to stage win and Maillot Pois". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
- ^ "Tour de France 2000 – Leaders overview". ProCyclingStats. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 2000" [Information about the Tour de France from 2000]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ^ a b c d Race regulations 2000, p. 6.
- ^ a b "Tour de France 2000 – Overall individual standing". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 19 April 2001. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ "Tour de France 2000 – Overall points standing". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 10 January 2001. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ "Tour de France 2000 – Overall climber standing". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2 July 2001. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ "Tour de France 2000 – Overall youth standing". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2 July 2001. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ^ "Tour de France 2000 – Overall team standings". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 24 June 2001. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
Bibliography
[edit]- Augendre, Jacques (2016). "Guide historique" [Historical guide] (PDF). Tour de France (in French). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (2012). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-300-2.
- "Race regulations" (PDF). Tour de France. Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2000. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- van den Akker, Pieter (2018). Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018. Self-published. ISBN 978-1-79398-080-9.
Further reading
[edit]- Bacon, Ellis (2014). Mapping Le Tour. Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 214–215. ISBN 9780007543991. OCLC 872700415.
External links
[edit]- Official website at the Wayback Machine (archived 16 August 2000)
- 2000 Tour de France at Cyclingnews.com