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1909 Tour de France

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1909 Tour de France
Map of France with the route of the 1908 Tour de France on it, showing that the race started in Paris, went clockwise through France and ended in Paris after fourteen stages.
Route of the 1909 Tour de France followed clockwise, starting in Paris
Race details
Dates5 July – 1 August 1909
Stages14
Distance4,497 km (2,794 mi)
Winning time37 points
Results
  Winner  François Faber (LUX)
  Second  Gustave Garrigou (FRA)
  Third  Jean Alavoine (FRA)
← 1908
1910 →

The 1909 Tour de France was the seventh edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 5 July to 1 August. It consisted of 14 stages over 4,497 kilometres (2,794 mi), ridden at an average 28.658 km/h.[1] The results were computed by points accorded finishing positions on each stage, the rider with fewest points at the end of the race winning the race. The stages were approximately the same as in the 1907 and 1908 Tour de France.

Because Lucien Petit-Breton, the winner of the Tour de France in 1907 and 1908, did not enter, the runner-up of 1908, François Faber, was the favourite. Faber went on to win six of the 14 stages and won the race easily.

Innovations and changes

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The 1909 Tour de France was again decided by the point system: the winner of a stage received one point, the second placed cyclist two points, and so on. The cyclist with the fewest points at the end of the race was the winner. After the eighth stage, the classification was cleaned up, by removing the cyclists from the result of the previous stages and recalculating the points of the remaining cyclists. This happened again after the thirteenth stage.[2]

In 1908, the cyclists had to use Tour-supplied frames; this rule was abandoned in 1909. The bicycles were still marked with a stamp, to ensure that the riders only used one bicycle.[3]

For the first time, cyclists could enter the race in teams, although technically they were still considered sponsored individuals.[4]

In the previous Tours, the Tour organisation had become embarrassed by cyclists urinating in front of spectators, so at the check points obligatory bathrooms were installed.[5]

Teams

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For a more comprehensive list, see List of teams and cyclists in the 1909 Tour de France.

The winner of the previous two editions, Lucien Petit-Breton, was not competing in 1909. Petit-Breton expected his former teammate François Faber, who had become second in 1908, to win the race.[3] Faber had transferred from the Peugeot team, that had dominated the 1908 edition, to the Alcyon team.

A new record of 150 cyclists started the race.[6] The previous Tours had been successful, and similar races were initiated in other countries (most notably the Tour of Belgium, which started in 1908 and the Giro d'Italia, which started in 1909). The Tour de France was still the major race where the best cyclists came, and it was the first large-scale invasion of foreign stars.[7] In total, 19 Italians, 5 Belgians, 4 Swiss, 1 German and 1 Luxembourgian started the race.[8]

Because cyclists could enter the race as sponsored cyclists, there were two classes of cyclists: cyclists with sponsors and cyclists without sponsors. There were seven different sponsors in the race (Nil–Supra, Alcyon, Biguet–Dunlop, Le Globe, Atala, Legnano and Felsina), with three to six cyclists. The majority of the cyclists, 112 in total, were not sponsored but were in the Isolé class, the class for cyclists without a sponsor.[2]

Race overview

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Main articles: 1909 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 7 and 1909 Tour de France, Stage 8 to Stage 14
A man in shorts, in the background some other persons.
François Faber, winner of five consecutive stages in the 1909 Tour de France.

The 1909 Tour de France was considered the most difficult one so far, because of the cold temperatures, the rain and snow.[2][9] The first stage was won by Belgian Cyrille van Hauwaert, the first Belgian stage victory ever.[10] As a result, he was leading also the race, the first time in the Tour de France history that a non-Frenchman was leading the race.[a] François Faber, the pre-race favourite, finished in second place.[11]

During that first stage, the weather had been reasonable, but at night the storm started.[6] Faber was best fit to those conditions, and he won the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th stage, this record of five stages in a row has not been broken since.[12] In stage two, Faber broke away halfway the stage, and rode the last 200 km alone.[7] In the third stage (at a temperature of only 4 degrees Celsius), Faber's chain broke in the last kilometre, and he had to run his bicycle across the finish line.[7] In the fifth stage, Faber was blown of the road by a strong wind, but remounted. Later, he was knocked down by a horse that also kicked his bicycle away. Faber remounted again, and won the stage with a five-minute margin.[7] In the sixth stage, 20,000 fans had come to see Faber win his fifth stage in a row, which he did.[7] The 7th stage was won by Ernest Paul, Faber's half brother.[9] Because of the bad weather, already 50 cyclists (1/3 of the field) had quit the race at that point.[13]

The Tour organisers asked Faber to calm down, in order to keep the Tour exciting. His team leader agreed and Faber slowed down and let others win stages; his leading position was never endangered.[6]

In the ninth stage, Faber finished in 10th place at 46 minutes from the winner, his worst performance of the race. He was still leading the race with 26 points, whereas second placed cyclist Garrigou had 40 points.[14]

It seemed impossible to beat Faber in this Tour, and the question became who would finish in second place. Gustave Garrigou was in second place, but Jean Alavoine was getting close to him. Garrigou had more experience, and remained second.[6] In the fourteenth stage, Jean Alavoine was leading when his bicycle broke, with only 10 km to go. Changing bicycles was not allowed,[9] so Alavoine ran the last 10 km with his bicycle on his shoulders, and still won the stage[9] with a margin of 6 minutes and 30 seconds.[15]

Results

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The Alcyon-sponsored cyclists dominated the 1909 Tour de France, winning 13 out of 14 stages.[3] Only the 7th stage was not won by a cyclist sponsored by Alcyon, but by Ernest Paul, without sponsor.

Stage results

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Stage characteristics and winners[2][16][17][18]
Stage Date[19] Course Distance Type[b] Winner Race leader
1 5 July Paris to Roubaix 272 km (169 mi) Plain stage  Cyrille van Hauwaert (BEL)  Cyrille van Hauwaert (BEL)
2 7 July Roubaix to Metz 398 km (247 mi) Plain stage  François Faber (LUX)  François Faber (LUX)
3 9 July Metz to Belfort 259 km (161 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  François Faber (LUX)  François Faber (LUX)
4 11 July Belfort to Lyon 309 km (192 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  François Faber (LUX)  François Faber (LUX)
5 13 July Lyon to Grenoble 311 km (193 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  François Faber (LUX)  François Faber (LUX)
6 15 July Grenoble to Nice 346 km (215 mi) Stage with mountain(s)  François Faber (LUX)  François Faber (LUX)
7 17 July Nice to Nîmes 345 km (214 mi) Plain stage  Ernest Paul (FRA)  François Faber (LUX)
8 19 July Nîmes to Toulouse 303 km (188 mi) Plain stage  Jean Alavoine (FRA)  François Faber (LUX)
9 21 July Toulouse to Bayonne 299 km (186 mi) Plain stage  Constant Ménager (FRA)  François Faber (LUX)
10 23 July Bayonne to Bordeaux 269 km (167 mi) Plain stage  François Faber (LUX)  François Faber (LUX)
11 25 July Bordeaux to Nantes 391 km (243 mi) Plain stage  Louis Trousselier (FRA)  François Faber (LUX)
12 27 July Nantes to Brest 321 km (199 mi) Plain stage  Gustave Garrigou (FRA)  François Faber (LUX)
13 29 July Brest to Caen 424 km (263 mi) Plain stage  Paul Duboc (FRA)  François Faber (LUX)
14 1 August Caen to Paris 250 km (160 mi) Plain stage  Jean Alavoine (FRA)  François Faber (LUX)
Total 4,497 km (2,794 mi)[1]

General classification

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A signed postcard of a man on a bicycle on a sandy road.
Gustave Garrigou, second place in the final classification of the 1909 Tour de France.

The general classification was calculated by points: at every stage, the winner was given one point, the next cyclist two points, etc. After the eighth stage, when only 71 cyclists were still in the race, the points given in the first eight stages were redistributed among the remaining cyclists, in accordance with their positions in those stages. Of the 150 starting cyclists, 55 finished.[2] François Faber is one of the youngest Tour de France winners in history at only 22 years and 7 months; as of 2019, only Henri Cornet in 1904 was younger (19 years and 11 months).[20]

Final general classification (1–10)[21]
Rank Rider Team Points
1  François Faber (LUX) Alcyon 37
2  Gustave Garrigou (FRA) Alcyon 57
3  Jean Alavoine (FRA) Alcyon 66
4  Paul Duboc (FRA) Alcyon 70
5  Cyrille van Hauwaert (BEL) Alcyon 92
6  Ernest Paul (FRA) – 95
7  Constant Ménager (FRA) Le Globe 102
8  Louis Trousselier (FRA) Alcyon 114
9  Eugène Christophe (FRA) – 139
10  Aldo Bettini (ITA) – 142

Other classifications

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Sixth-placed Ernest Paul became the winner of the "isolé" category.[22]

The organising newspaper l'Auto named François Faber the meilleur grimpeur. This unofficial title is the precursor to the mountains classification.[23]

Notes

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  1. ^ In the 1904 Tour de France, after the disqualifications, Swiss Michel Frédérick and Belgian Emile Lombard retroactively had led the race after the first and second stage, but this was not acknowledged during the race.
  2. ^ In 1909, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate which stages included mountains.[2]

References

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  1. ^ a b Augendre 2016, p. 108.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "7ème Tour de France 1909" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 2 May 2009. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
  3. ^ a b c McGann & McGann 2006, p. 24.
  4. ^ Thompson 2006, p. 36.
  5. ^ Thompson 2006, p. 161.
  6. ^ a b c d Amels 1984.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Top 25 All Time Tours:1909 - Invasion of the Foreigners". Cycling Revealed. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  8. ^ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1909 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  9. ^ a b c d "1909 - 7th Tour de France". ASO. Archived from the original on 4 May 2009. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
  10. ^ James, Tom (14 August 2003). "1909: Faber is the first non-French winner". VeloArchive. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
  11. ^ "7ème Tour de France - 1ére ètape" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  12. ^ Heijmans & Mallon 2011, p. 77.
  13. ^ "Heritage - Tour de France". Team Cyclist. Archived from the original on 8 December 2007. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  14. ^ "7ème Tour de France - 9éme ètape" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  15. ^ "7ème Tour de France - 14éme ètape" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  16. ^ Augendre 2016, p. 11.
  17. ^ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC top ten". CVCC. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  18. ^ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1909 – The stage winners". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  19. ^ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique, Part 2" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2010.
  20. ^ "Every Tour de France winner listed from Garin to Wiggins". The Guardian. 23 July 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  21. ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1909 – Stage 14 Caen > Paris". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  22. ^ "l'Historique du Tour - Année 1909" (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 16 July 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  23. ^ Cleijne 2014, p. 156.

Bibliography

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Further reading

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Media related to Tour de France 1909 at Wikimedia Commons

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