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1974 in spaceflight

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1974 in spaceflight
Soyuz-U launch vehicle
Orbital launches
First5 January
Last2 December

On 29 March 1974 Mariner 10 became the first spacecraft to fly by Mercury, that saw a spacecraft for the first and last time in the 20th century.

Orbital launches

[edit]
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

[edit]
17 January
10:07[1] 		Soviet Union Kosmos 3M Soviet Union Plesetsk (LC-132/2) VKS
Soviet UnionKosmos 628 (Tsiklon) MOM LEO Navigation In orbit Successful
19 January
01:39[2] 		United States Delta 2313 United States CCAFS (LC-17B) UK Ministry of Defence
United StatesSkynet 2A UK MOD Intended: GEO Achieved: LEO Comms 25 January 1974 Failure
Placed in incorrect orbit due to carrier rocket malfunction
24 January
15:00 		Soviet Union Voskhod Soviet Union Plesetsk MOM
Soviet UnionKosmos 629 (Zenit-2M) MOM LEO Recon 5 February 1974 Success
30 January
11:00 		Soviet Union Voskhod Soviet Union Plesetsk MOM
Soviet UnionKosmos 630 (Zenit-4MK) MOM LEO Aurora research 13 February 1974 Success

February

[edit]
6 February
00:34 		Soviet Union Kosmos-3M Soviet Union LC-132/2, Plesetsk VKS
Soviet Union Kosmos 631 (Tselina-O) VKS LEO ELINT 3 October 1980 Successful
11 February
13:48 		United States Titan IIIE/Centaur United States LC-41, CCAFS NASA
Boilerplate NASA Intended: GSO Test carrier rocket 12 February 1974 Failure
United States Sphinx NASA Intended: GSO Plasma research 12 February 1974 Failure
Upper stage turbopump malfunction
16 February
05:00 		JapanM-3C JapanKagoshima Space Center LP-M JapanISAS
JapanMS T2 (Tansei 2) ISAS Highly elliptical orbit Technology test 22 January 1983 Successful
First flight of M-3C
18 February United States Scout D-1 Italy San Marco mobile range, Kenya Italy CRS
ItalyUnited States San Marco 4 CRS / NASA Low Earth Atmospheric In orbit Successful

March

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April

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May

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June

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July

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3 July Soviet Union Soyuz (11A511) Soviet UnionLC-1/5, Baikonur
Soviet Union Soyuz 14 LEO, docked to Salyut 3 Crewed orbital flight 19 July 1974 Successful
12 July
13:55 		China Feng Bao 1 China Jiquan Satellite Launch Center, LA-2B (Site 138)
China JSSW Intended: Low Earth Unknown 12 July Failure
Carrier rocket lost attitude control.
16 July United States Scout United States Western Space and Missile Center at Vandenberg AFB NASA
United States Aeros 2 NASA  

August

[edit]
28 August
10:08 		Soviet Union Soyuz (11A511) Soviet Union LC-1/5, Baikonur
Soviet Union Soyuz 15 LEO Plan: Dock to Salyut 3 Crewed orbital flight 28 August 1974 Failure
Failed to dock with Salyut 3

September

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October

[edit]
15 October
07:47 		United States Scout B-1 Italy San Marco mobile range, Kenya Italy CRS
United KingdomUnited States Ariel 5 SERC / NASA Low Earth X-ray astronomy 14 March 1980 Successful

November

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December

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2 December
15:00 		Soviet Union Soyuz-U (11A511U) Soviet Union LC-1/5, Baikonur
Soviet Union Soyuz 16 LEO Crewed orbital flight 8 December 1974 Successful
First successful crewed use of Soyuz-U launch vehicle
10 December
07:11:01 		United StatesTitan IIIE/Star-37 United StatesCape Canaveral SLC-41 United StatesNASA
United StatesGermanyHelios-A NASA / DFVLR Heliocentric Solar probe In orbit Successful
Achieved a closest approach to the Sun of 46.5 million km (0.31 AU) in February 1975, the closest approach achieved by an artificial satellite at that point; it was succeeded later by Helios-B.

Suborbital launches

[edit]
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January-March

[edit]
12 January
19:12[3] 		United KingdomSkylark El Arenosillo NASA
Germany H-GR-58 DFVLR Sub-orbital Astronomy 12 Jan 1974 Successful
5 January
01:45[4] 		United StatesAerobee 200A United StatesWhite Sands NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Aeronomy/Ultraviolet astronomy 5 January 1974 Successful
8 January
01:40[5] 		United StatesAerobee 200A United StatesWhite Sands NASA
NASA/NRL Sub-orbital Aeronomy/Ultraviolet astronomy 8 January 1974 Successful
11 January
22:00[6] 		Soviet Union R-36 Soviet Union Baikonur (LC-162/36) RVSN
Soviet Union Dkh RVSN Sub-orbital ICBM test 12 January 1974 Successful
15 January
20:00[7] 		United States Black Brant VC United States White Sands (LC-36) NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Solar research 15 January 1974 Successful
16 January
02:00[8] 		Japan Kappa 9M Japan Kagoshima (LC-36) ISAS
ISAS Sub-orbital Ionosphere & Solar research 16 January 1974 Successful
16 January
17:40[5] 		United States Nike Apache United States Wallops Island NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Aeronomy 16 January 1974 Successful
16 January
18:13[9] 		United States Super Arcas United States Wallops Island NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Ionosphere research 16 January 1974 Successful
16 January[5]
01:40 		United States Aerobee 200A United States White Sands NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Solar research 16 January 1974 Successful
17 January
02:37[5] 		United States Nike Tomahawk United States Poker Flat NASA
NASA/NRL Sub-orbital Plasma research 17 January 1974 Successful
19 January
11:34 		United Kingdom Skua Spain El Arenosillo RAE
RAE Sub-orbital Ionosphere research 19 January 1974 Success
19 January Soviet Union R-36M Soviet Union LC-103, Baikonur RVSN
POR RVSN Sub-orbital ICBM Test 20 January 1974 Success
21 January
02:39 		United States Nike Tomahawk United States Poker Flat NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Plasma research 21 January 1974 Success
21 January
11:30 		United KingdomSkua 4 SpainEl Arenosillo RAE
RAE Sub-orbital Ionosphere research 21 January 1974 Success
22 January
02:41 		United States Nike Tomahawk United States Poker Flat NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Plasma research 22 January 1974 Success
22 January
11:00 		Japan Lambda 3H Japan Area 3L, Kagoshima ISAS
ISAS Sub-orbital X-ray astronomy 22 January 1974 Success
22 January
01:40 		United States Aerobee 200A United States White Sands NASA
NASA/NRL Sub-orbital Solar research 22 January 1974 Successful
22 January
01:40 		United States Minuteman I United States LF-06, Vandenberg AFB USAF
USAF Sub-orbital ICBM test 22 January 1974 Successful
23 January
11:30 		United Kingdom Skua Spain El Arenosillo RAE
RAE Sub-orbital Ionosphere research 23 January 1974 Success
23 January
12:50 		Canada Black Brant VB Canada Churchill NRC
NRC Sub-orbital Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Aurora research 23 January 1974 Success
25 January
11:30 		United Kingdom Skua Spain El Arenosillo RAE
RAE Sub-orbital Ionosphere research 25 January 1974 Success
25 January Soviet Union UR-100N Soviet Union Baikonur Cosmodrome RVSN
RVSN Sub-orbital ICBM test 25 January 1974 Success
26 January United States Minuteman III United States LF-25, Vandenberg AFB USAF
GT-24GB-1 USAF Sub-orbital ICBM test 26 January 1974 Success
26 January Soviet Union UR-100N Soviet Union Baikonur Cosmodrome RVSN
GT-24GB-1 RVSN Sub-orbital ICBM test 26 January 1974 Success
27 January
19:08 		United States Nike Tomahawk Norway Andøya NASA
Ferdinand 35 (Polar 3) NDRE Sub-orbital Aurora research 27 January 1974 Success
30 January France SSBS S2 France BLB, Biscarosse DMA
DMA Sub-orbital Missile test 30 January 1974 Success
1 February
06:30 		Japan JCR Japan Area T, Tanegashima NASDA
NASDA Sub-orbital Test flight 1 February 1974 Successful
4 February
14:40 		United Kingdom Skylark 6AC Australia LA-2SL, Woomera BAC
BAC Sub-orbital Astronomy 4 February 1974 Successful
4 February Soviet Union MR-UR-100 Soviet Union LC-177, Baikonur RVSN
RVSN Sub-orbital ICBM test 4 February 1974 Successful
6 February
22:48 		Canada Black Brant IVB Norway Andoya DLR
DLR Sub-orbital Aurora research (DLR A-BB4-63 Auroral mission) 6 February 1974 Successful
6 February United States Polaris A3 United States Submarine, WTR US Navy
US Navy Sub-orbital SLBM test 6 February 1974 Successful
6 February United States Polaris A3 United States Submarine, WTR US Navy
US Navy Sub-orbital SLBM test 6 February 1974 Successful
9 February
02:10 		United States Aerobee 200A United States White Sands NASA
NASA Sub-orbital Astronomy 9 February 1974 Successful
9 February
06:30 		Japan LS-C Japan Area T, Tanegashima NASDA
NASDA Sub-orbital Test flight 9 February 1974 Successful

April-June

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July-September

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11 July
05:01[11] 		Soviet Union K63D Soviet Union Vladimirovka test range, near Kapustin Yar
Soviet Union BOR-3 No.302 Suborbital Re-entry test for Spiral program 11 July Partial success
Subscale model of the Spiral spaceplane.[10] After nominal flight, parachute system failed and the craft crashed. Apogee: 100 km

October-December

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Deep Space Rendezvous

[edit]
Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
5 February Mariner 10 Flyby of Venus Gravity assist; Closest approach: 5,768 kilometres (3,584 mi)
10 February Mars 4 Flyby of Mars Closest approach: 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi) (orbiter mission)
12 February Mars 5 Areocentric orbit injection
9 March Mars 7 Lander missed mars by 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
12 March Mars 6 Lander lost a few seconds before anticipated landing
29 March Mariner 10 1st flyby of Mercury Closest approach: 703 kilometres (437 mi)
2 June Luna 22 Selenocentric orbit injection Photographic mission
21 September Mariner 10 2nd flyby of Mercury Closest approach: 48,069 kilometres (29,869 mi)
2 November Luna 23 Landed rough at Mare Crisium, the Moon Sample return mission
3 December Pioneer 11 Flyby of Jupiter Gravity assist; Closest approach: 42,960 kilometres (26,690 mi)

EVAs

[edit]
Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
3 February
15:19 		5 hours
19 minutes 		20:38 Skylab
SLM-3 		United StatesGerald P. Carr
United StatesEdward Gibson 		Retrieved the final film from the solar observatory and photographed Kohoutek using an electronographic camera.

References

[edit]
  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link‍]
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link‍]
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link‍]
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Generic references:

Spaceflight portal

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ McDowell, Jonathan C. "Launch list by family: R-14". GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  2. ^ "British Satellite Launched". The News-Press. Associated Press. 19 January 1974. Retrieved 4 April 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ McDowell, Jonathan C. "Launch list by family: Raven". GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  4. ^ "Scientits See Comet From Plane". The Daily Mail. Baltimore. Associated Press. 5 January 1974. Retrieved 4 April 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ a b c d McDowell, Jonathan C. "Launch list by family: Nike". GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  6. ^ McDowell, Jonathan C. "Launch list by family: R-36". GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  7. ^ McDowell, Jonathan C. "Launch list by family: BB5". GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  8. ^ McDowell, Jonathan C. "Launch list by family: K420". GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  9. ^ McDowell, Jonathan C. "Launch list by family: Arcas". GCAT: General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  10. ^ Krebs, Gunter Dirk. "BOR-3". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  11. ^ Wade, Mark. "K63D". www.astronautix.com. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
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