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1919 Detroit Stars season

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1919 Detroit Stars
LeagueNegro league baseball
BallparkMack Park
CityDetroit
Record44–18 (.710)
League place1st
OwnersTenny Blount
ManagersPete Hill
Seasons 1920 →

The 1919 Detroit Stars baseball team competed in Negro league baseball during the 1919 baseball season. In their first year of competition, the Stars won the championship of independent western Negro league clubs.[1][2] While the Seamhead website reports that the team compiled a record of 27–13, the "Game Log" below includes 44 wins based on 1919 games for which contemporaneous newspaper accounts have been located.

The Stars played their home games at Mack Park in Detroit with a handful of games also played at Navin Field. The team was owned by Tenny Blount and led by player-manager Pete Hill who compiled a .396 batting average and .892 slugging percentage.[1][3]

Key personnel

[edit]

Ownership

[edit]

The team was established in 1919 by owner Tenny Blount (1873–1934), sometimes also known as "Teddy" Blount, with assistance from Rube Foster who owned the Chicago American Giants. Blount was an Alabama native who moved to Detroit in 1913 and became a prominent "numbers man".[4][5][6]

Hall of Fame inductees

[edit]

Three players from the 1919 Stars were later inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame:

  • Pete Hill was the team's manager, center fielder, and leading batter. During the 1919 season, Hill compiled a .396 batting average with a .488 on-base percentage and an .892 slugging percentage.[1] By late July, he had already hit 16 home runs leading the press to describe him as a rival of Babe Ruth for 1919 slugging honors.[7] (In 1919, Hill's batting average was 74 points higher than Ruth, and his slugging percentage was 235 points higher than Ruth.) Hill was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006 by vote of the Negro League Committee.[8]
  • Oscar Charleston also joined the Stars late in the season. He was a left-handed slugger and played center field for the Stars.[1] He died in 1954 and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1976.[9]
  • José Méndez, a native of Cárdenas, Cuba, was the team's shortstop and also appeared in 12 games as a pitcher, compiling a 2.14 earned run average.[1] Nicknamed "The Black Diamond", Méndez died in 1928 and was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.[10]

Other batters

[edit]

In addition to the three Hall of Fame inductees, the Stars received strong performances from several other position players.

First baseman Edgar Wesley, a left-handed hitter from Texas, compiled a .322 batting average and a .610 slugging percentage for the 1919 Stars. In 146 at bats, he tallied eight home runs, 21 extra-base hits, and 43 RBIs.[11]

Joe Hewitt, an infielder from Alabama, led the team with 153 at bats and ranked second with 36 runs scored and third with 36 hits.[12]

Second baseman Frank Warfield, a Kentucky native, led the team with eight triples.[12]

Pitchers

[edit]

Sam Crawford was the team's leading pitcher, compiling a 10–4 record and 2.89 earned run average (ERA).[1]

John Donaldson also pitched for the Stars, compiling a 2.33 ERA. Donaldson was regarded as one of the greatest pitchers of the era, appearing in approximately 700 games[13] with over 400 wins[14] and 5,000 strikeouts.[15] He was voted a first-team member of the 1952 Pittsburgh Courier player-voted poll of the Negro leagues best players ever.[16]

Season overview

[edit]

During April and May, the Stars opened the season with a 13-game win streak, including victories over all-white semipro teams. In late May, an all-white team from Wyandotte, Michigan recruited Detroit Tigers pitcher Rudy Kallio to start a game against the Stars;[17][18] the Stars scored eight runs off Kallio.[19] The local semipro champion, the Maxwells, lost two games to the Stars in the first half of the season, then recruited major league pitcher Ralph Comstock to start a July 13 games against the Stars.[20] With Comstock pitching a strong game for the Maxwells, the Stars lost their first game to a white team by a 4–3 score.[21] The Stars played a total of six games with the Maxwells in 1919, winning three games and losing two.

The Stars' principal rivalry for the western championship of Negro league baseball came from Rube Foster's Chicago American Giants.[2][22] The Giants won two of three in a series played in Chicago in June. When the teams met for a series in Detroit in early July, the Stars won three games. The also played a seven-game seriesin late July and early August that was billed as the championship series.[23] The Stars won five games to take the championship.

As noted in the "Game Log" below, the Stars also played multiple series with other Negro League teams, including the Cuban Stars, Dayton Marcos from Ohio, and the Hilldale Club from Pennsylvania.

In the last game of the season, the Murray All Stars recruited Detroit Tigers pitcher Bernie Boland; Boland held the Stars scoreless.[24][25]

Roster

[edit]
Name Image Position Height Weight Bats Place of birth Year of birth
Oscar Charleston CF 5'8" 185 Left Indianapolis, Indiana 1896
Sam Crawford P 6'1" 200 Right Dallas, Texas 1892
John Donaldson LF 6'1" 180 Left Glasgow, Missouri 1891
Frank Duncan LF 6'1" 180 Left Macon, Georgia 1888
Bill Francis 3B 5'5" 140 Right Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1879
Jelly Gardner LF 5'7" 160 Left Russellville, Arkansas 1895
Willie Green 3B
Joe Hewitt SS 5'7" 140 Left New Market, Alabama 1885
Pete Hill CF 5'8" 170 Left Buena Vista, Virginia 1882
Dicta Johnson P 5'7" 134 Right Elizabethtown, Illinois 1887
Tom Johnson P 6'0" 180 Right Bryan, Texas 1889
Dave Malarcher 3B 5'7" 150 Both St. James Parish, Louisiana 1894
José Méndez SS 5'10" 152 Right Cárdenas, Cuba 1885
Bruce Petway RF 5'10" 159 Both Nashville, Tennessee 1885
Andrew Reed 3B
Vicente Rodríguez C 5'11"
Candy Jim Taylor 3B 5'5" 165 Right Anderson, South Carolina 1884
Frank Warfield 2B 5'7" 160 Right Pembroke, Kentucky 1899
Edgar Wesley 1B 5'11" 215 Left Waco, Texas 1891
Frank Wickware P 5'10" 180 Right Girard, Kansas 1888

Statistics

[edit]

The following batting and pitching statistics are drawn from the Seamheads web site which appear to be incomplete.[1]

Batting

[edit]

Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; SLG = Slugging percentage

Pos Player G AB H BB Avg. SLG
SS Joe Hewitt 40 153 38 22 .248 .288
1B Edgar Wesley 41 146 47 12 .322 .610
2B Frank Warfield 39 144 31 22 .215 .396
CF Pete Hill 38 139 55 23 .396 .892
RF Bruce Petway 36 108 20 10 .185 .250
SS José Méndez 34 102 23 14 .225 .373
LF John Donaldson 33 98 17 7 .173 .255
LF Frank Duncan 22 82 19 11 .232 .354
C Vicente Rodríguez 28 79 21 10 .266 .342
LF Jelly Gardner 21 60 13 9 .217 .267
3B Candy Jim Taylor 10 34 8 7 .235 .294
3B Dave Malarcher 9 31 11 4 .355 .452
P Dicta Johnson 12 27 8 5 .296 .481

[1][26]

Pitching

[edit]

Note: G = Games; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; PCT = Win percentage; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Player G IP W L PCT ERA SO
Sam Crawford 18 112.0 10 4 .714 2.89 55
John Donaldson 11 85.0 5 5 .500 2.33 38
Dicta Johnson 12 76.1 5 3 .625 4.72 54
José Méndez 7 46.1 3 0 1.000 2.14 21
Frank Wickware 7 38.1 3 2 .600 1.88 23

[1][26]

Game log

[edit]
Date Opponent Site Result Attendance Source
April 20 Maxwells Mack Park, Detroit W 8–4 3,500 [27]
April 27 Northway Motors Mack Park, Detroit W 3-2 [28][29]
May 4 Knights of Columbus Mack Park, Detroit [30]
May 7 London Tecumsehs London, Ontario W 5-3 [31]
May 8 Kitchener Kitchener, Ontario [31][32]
May 9 London Tecumsehs Tecumseh Park, London, Ontario W 4–1 [33]
May 10 London Tecumsehs London, Ontario [31][32]
May 11 Cleveland Giants Mack Park, Detroit W 18–3 [34]
May 18 Maxwells Mack Park, Detroit W 2–0 [35]
May 25 Hayes Wheel Co. Mack Park, Detroit W 5–0 [36][37][38]
May 30 Wyandotte Corrigan Field, Wyandotte, MI W 8–5 3,000 [17][18][19]
May 30 Dayton Marcos Mack Park, Detroit W 3–0 [39]
May 31 Dayton Marcos Mack Park, Detroit W 3–2 [40]
June 1 Dayton Marcos Mack Park, Detroit W 7–2 [41]
June 7 Cuban Stars Mack Park, Detroit L 4-5 [42][43][44]
June 8 Cuban Stars Mack Park, Detroit L 3–7 6,000 [45]
June 9 Cuban Stars Mack Park, Detroit W 6–2 [46]
June 10 Cuban Stars Mack Park, Detroit W 3–0 [47]
June 11 Cuban Stars Mack Park, Detroit W 6–4 [48]
June 17 Chicago American Giants Schorling's Park, Chicago L 3–7 [49]
June 18 Chicago American Giants Schorling's Park, Chicago L 5–8 [50][51]
June 19 Chicago American Giants Chicago W 5–4 [52]
June 22 Pittsburgh Giants Mack Park, Detroit W 16-1 [53]
June 23 Pittsburgh Giants Mack Park, Detroit W 19–5 [54][55]
June 24 Cuban Stars W 9–4 [56]
June 26 Cuban Stars W 9–8 [57][58]
June 29 Cowpers All-Stars Mack Park, Detroit W 7-1 [59][60]
July 4 Chicago Giants Mack Park, Detroit W 2-0 [61][62]
July 5 Chicago Giants Mack Park, Detroit
July 6 Chicago Giants Mack Park, Detroit W 7–5 [63]
July 7 Chicago Giants Mack Park, Detroit W 11–3 [64]
July 13 Maxwells Mack Park, Detroit L 3–4 [21][65]
July 16 Bacharach Giants Atlantic City, NJ W 6–3 [66][67]
July 17 Hilldale Club Philadelphia L 5–6 [68]
July 18 Bacharach Giants Atlantic City, NJ L 0–1 [69][70]
July 19 Hilldale Club Philadelphia Rain
July 20 Toledo Rail Lights Mack Park, Detroit L 1–4 [71]
July 26 Chicago American Giants Navin Field, Detroit L 5–7 [72][73]
July 27 Chicago American Giants Navin Field, Detroit L 1–7 10,000 [74]
July 28 Chicago American Giants Mack Park, Detroit W 13–5 [75]
July 29 Chicago American Giants Mack Park, Detroit W 7–3 [76]
July 30 Chicago American Giants Mack Park, Detroit W 8–5 [77]
July 31 Chicago American Giants Mack Park, Detroit W 12–8 [78]
August 2 Chicago American Giants Mack Park, Detroit W 10–6 [79][80]
August 3 Chicago American Giants Mack Park, Detroit L 1–9 [81]
August 3 Hilldale Club Mack Park, Detroit W 3–1 [81]
August 4 Hilldale Club Detroit W 7–1 [82][83]
August 5 Hilldale Club Detroit L 3–6 [84]
August 6 Hilldale Club W 8–6 [85]
August 7 Hilldale Club Detroit L 3–6 [86]
August 9 Chicago American Giants Mack Park, Chicago L 1-2 [87][88]
August 10 Chicago American Giants Mack Park, Detroit L 3–5 [89]
August 17 Wyandotte Mack Park, Detroit L 0–1 [90][91][92]
August 23 Dayton Marcos Mack Park, Detroit W 5–3 [93]
August 24 Dayton Marcos Mack Park, Detroit
August 30 Maxwells Mack Park, Detroit W 6-5 [94][95]
August 31 Maxwells Mack Park, Detroit W 6–5 [96]
September 1 Maxwells Mack Park, Detroit L 2–5 [97]
September 6 Dayton Marcos Westwood Field, Dayton, OH W 9–4 [98]
September 7 Dayton Marcos Westwood Field, Dayton, OH W 11–0 [99]
September 8 Dayton Marcos Westwood Field, Dayton, OH W 4–3 [100]
September 13 Cuban Stars Mack Park, Detroit W 10–2 [101]
September 14 Cuban Stars Mack Park, Detroit W 8–1 [102]
September 21 Wyandotte Mack Park, Detroit Postponed [103][104]
September 28 River Rouge Mack Park, Detroit W 16–2 [105][106]
October 4 Wyandotte Mack Park, Detroit W 7–0 [107][108]
October 11 Murray All-Star Mack Park, Detroit Rain [109][24]
October 12 Murray All Stars Mack Park, Detroit L 0–3 [25]

References

[edit]
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  13. ^ "Website listing all of John Donaldson's 690 games as a pitcher."
  14. ^ "Website listing all of John Donaldson's 413 known wins as a pitcher."
  15. ^ "Website listing all of John Donaldson's 5,081 strikeouts as a pitcher."
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  99. ^ "Detroit Has Marco Goat". Dayton Daily News. September 8, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  100. ^ "Marcos Drop Final Game". Dayton Herald. September 9, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  101. ^ "Johnson Beats Cubans Easily". Detroit Free Press. September 14, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  102. ^ "One Lone Tally All Cubans Get in Second Game". Detroit Free Press. September 15, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  103. ^ "Sunday's Game May Mix Things". Detroit Free Press. September 20, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  104. ^ "'Dottes vs. Stars Oct. 5". Detroit Free Press. September 23, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  105. ^ "Detroit Stars have Gay Time Beating Rouge". Detroit Free Press. September 29, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  106. ^ "River Rouge To Meet the Stars". Detroit Free Press. September 25, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  107. ^ "Detroit Stars Shut Out Rivals". Detroit Free Press. October 6, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  108. ^ "Detroit Stars Tackle 'Dottes". Detroit Free Press. October 4, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  109. ^ "Stars To Close Season Sunday". Detroit Free Press. October 9, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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