1653 in England
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Events from the year 1653 in England.
Incumbents
[edit]- Lord Protector – Oliver Cromwell (starting 16 December)
Events
[edit]- 18–20 February (28 February–2 March New Style) – First Anglo–Dutch War: Battle of Portland off the Isle of Portland. Both sides claim victory but the English retain control of the Channel.
- 14 March – First Anglo–Dutch War: Battle of Leghorn: A Dutch fleet defeats the English in the Mediterranean but the Dutch commander, Johan van Galen, later dies of his wounds.
- 18 April – London–York stagecoach first recorded.
- 20 April – Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament.
- 2–3 June (12–13 June New Style) – First Anglo-Dutch War: Battle of the Gabbard off the coast of Suffolk: The English navy defeats the Dutch fleet, which loses 17 ships.[1]
- 4 July–12 December – the Barebones Parliament meets in London.
- 8 July – John Thurloe becomes Cromwell's head of intelligence.[2]
- 8–10 August – Battle of Scheveningen: the final naval battle of the First Anglo-Dutch War is fought, between the fleets of the Commonwealth and the United Provinces off the Texel; the English navy gains a tactical victory over the Dutch fleet.
- 16 December – Instrument of Government: Britain's first written constitution, under which Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland,[3][4] being advised by a remodelled Council of State. This is the start of The First Protectorate, bringing an end to the first period of republican government in the country, the Commonwealth of England.
Undated
[edit]- Cornelius Vermuyden completes excavation of the Forty Foot Drain and associated works for reclamation of The Fens.
- Sir Robert Shirley has a new parish church built at Staunton Harold in Leicestershire.
Publications
[edit]- Izaak Walton's discourse The Compleat Angler.
Births
[edit]- 10 March – John Benbow, admiral (died 1702 in Jamaica)
- 2 April – Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (died 1708)
- 5 July – Thomas Pitt, Governor of Madras (died 1726)[5]
- 9 August – John Oldham, poet (died 1683)
- 14 August – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, statesman (died 1688)
- 3 September – Roger North, lawyer and biographer (died 1734)
Deaths
[edit]- 21 January – John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol, diplomat (born 1580)
- 25 March – Nicholas Martyn, politician (born 1593)
- 26 May – Robert Filmer, political theorist (born 1588)
- 22 October – Thomas de Critz, painter (born 1607)
- December – John Taylor, "The Water Poet" (born 1578)
References
[edit]- ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 185–186. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Venning, Timothy (2004). "Thurloe, John (bap. 1616, d. 1668)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27405. Retrieved 2012-07-10. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ "Commonwealth Instrument of Government, 1653". Modern History Sourcebook. New York: Fordham University. August 1998. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
- ^ "Thomas Pitt | British merchant". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 September 2021.