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Şehzade Cihangir

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In this Ottoman Turkish style name, the given name is Cihangir, the title is Şehzade, and there is no family name.
Şehzade Cihangir
Cihangir's circumcision, 1539
Born1531
Old Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (present day Istanbul, Turkey)
Died27 November 1553(1553-11-27) (aged 21–22)
Aleppo, Ottoman Empire
Burial
Şehzade Mosque, Istanbul
Names
Cihangir bin Suleiman Han
DynastyOttoman
FatherSuleiman the Magnificent
MotherHürrem Sultan
ReligionSunni Islam

Şehzade Cihangir (Ottoman Turkish: شهزاده جهانگير; 1531 – 27 November 1553) was an Ottoman prince, the sixth and youngest child of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and his wife Hürrem Sultan.

Life

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Cihangir was born in 1531 in Constantinople [1][2] during the reign of his father, Suleiman the Magnificent. His mother was Hürrem Sultan,[1][2] an Orthodox priest's daughter,[3] who was the current Sultan's concubine at the time. In 1533 or 1534, his mother, Hürrem, was freed and became Suleiman's legal wife.[4] He had four elder brothers, Şehzade Mehmed, Şehzade Selim (future Selim II), Şehzade Bayezid and Şehzade Abdullah, who died at three years old, and an elder sister Mihrimah Sultan.[1][2] He was educated together with his older brothers under supervision of his time. He wrote poems with the pen name Zarifi, and was also interested in calligraphy.[5]

Between November 26 and December 8, 1539, a ceremony was held and celebrating circumcision of Cihangir and his elder brother Bayezid. The entire city and palace were involved in the elaborate event. Representatives from Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, the French, and the Venetians were present. The joyous atmosphere included participation from viziers, governors-general, district governors, palace members, janissaries, scholars, and city residents. The occasion also marked the wedding of their sister Mihrimah and Rüstem Pasha.[6][7]

Cihangir was born with a spinal malformation, necessitating continuous monitoring and treatment.[8][1] As a result, he did not receive a provincial governorate because his infirmity was seen as a disqualification for rulership and perhaps also because of his need for medical treatment.[9] In one of his letters to the sultan while he was on military campaign, his mother wrote of the success of an operation performed on the child's shoulder.[9] As the youngest child in the family and as a result of his disability, Cihangir was loved and treated exclusively.[10]

In March 1547, Cihangir and his mother travelled to Manisa, visiting his older brother Selim, who had been transferred there after Mehmed's death in 1543, and spent a month there.[9] In 1548, he accompanied his father to the second Iran expedition.[5] He was widely acknowledged as a clever and entertaining conversationalist.[11] He was his father's constant companion.[12] His father had acknowledged the probability of his elder half-brother Şehzade Mustafa's success. However, Cihangir ventured that his physical deformity would allow him to escape the princely fate of fratricide, to which his father responded, "My son, Mustafa, will become the sultan and will deprive you all of your lives."[13]

Death

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The tomb of Şehzade Cihangir inside Şehzade Mosque

In the third Iran expedition, Cihangir together with his father departed from Istanbul and reached the plains of Ereğli. Şehzade Mustafa, also arrived with his troops from Konya, where he was strangled by their father's guards on 6 October 1553. Since Cihangir died in Aleppo not long after this incident on 27 November 1553,[14][15][16] it became a popularized theory that he had died as a result of shock and grief caused by his half-brother's execution. One source even tried to claim that he committed suicide on hearing the news.[17] However, this has largely been dismissed as inaccurate due to the lack of supporting evidence of any closeness between the two brothers.[18] Rather it is now understood that Cihangir's passing came as a direct result of the chronic health problems he was documented as having throughout his life.[18]

After his death, his body was taken to Istanbul where he was buried alongside his older brother Şehzade Mehmed in the Şehzade Mosque.[5] The Istanbul neighborhood of Cihangir was named after Şehzade Cihangir when his father had Mimar Sinan build a wooden mosque there in 1559 to commemorate his death.[19] The area, which overlooks the Bosphorous, was one of Cihangir's favorite places. The neighborhood's name comes from this mosque.[5]

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Peirce 1993, p. 60.
  2. ^ a b c Yermolenko 2005, p. 233.
  3. ^ Yermolenko 2005, p. 234.
  4. ^ Yermolenko 2005, p. 235.
  5. ^ a b c d Turgut, Turgut & Turgut 2015, p. 765.
  6. ^ Şahin 2023, p. 198.
  7. ^ Peirce 1993, p. 68, 76, 123.
  8. ^ Şahin 2023, p. 171.
  9. ^ a b c Peirce 1993, p. 61.
  10. ^ Turgut, Turgut & Turgut 2015, p. 767.
  11. ^ Şahin 2023, p. 230.
  12. ^ Peirce 1993, p. 87.
  13. ^ Peirce 1993, p. 81.
  14. ^ Esin Atl; Esin Atıl; Arifi (1986). Süleymanname: The Illustrated History of Süleyman the Magnificent. National Gallery of Art. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-89468-088-5.
  15. ^ ATA-USA: Bulletin of the Assembly of Turkish American Associations. The Association. 1986. p. 36.
  16. ^ John Freely (1999). Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul. Viking. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-670-87839-0.
  17. ^ J. M. Rogers; John Michael Rogers; R. M. Ward (1988). Süleyman the Magnificent. British Museum Publications. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7141-1440-8.
  18. ^ a b Peirce, Leslie. Empress of the East: How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire.
  19. ^ Hafiz Hueseyin Ayvansaray-i; David J. Roxburgh (2000). The Garden of the Mosques: Hafiz Hüseyin Al-Ayvansarayî's Guide to the Muslim Monuments of Ottoman Istanbul. Brill. p. 18. ISBN 978-90-04-11242-1.
  20. ^ "Hürrem Sultan (TV Series 2003)". IMDb. Retrieved 2024-02-10.
  21. ^ "Muhteşem Yüzyıl-Tolga Sarıtaş/ Şehzade Cihangir'in acısı ekrandan taştı!/TV Programları/milliyet blog". blog.milliyet.com.tr. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
  22. ^ Magnificent Century (TV Series 2011–2014), retrieved 2017-10-12

Bibliography

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