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Zion's Hill

Coordinates: 17°38′35″N 63°13′37″W / 17.64306°N 63.22694°W / 17.64306; -63.22694
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For the historic house in Maine, U.S., see Zions Hill.
Zion's Hill
Village
Hell's Gate
Hell's Gate
Map of Saba showing Zion's Hill
Map of Saba showing Zion's Hill
Coordinates: 17°38′35″N 63°13′37″W / 17.64306°N 63.22694°W / 17.64306; -63.22694
Country Netherlands
Public body Saba
Elevation
300 / 450 m (1,000 / 1,480 ft)
Population
 (2001)[1]
 • Total283
Time zoneUTC-4 (AST)
ClimateAw

Zion's Hill, also known by its former name Hell's Gate, is a town on the Dutch Caribbean island of Saba.[2] Locally, it is divided into Upper Hell's Gate and Lower Hell's Gate.

Upper Hell's Gate is the highest village in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, at an altitude of 450 m (1,480 ft) above sea level. Lower Hell's Gate is located approximately 300 m (980 ft) above sea level. On some maps, Lower Hell's Gate includes Flat Point, location of the Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport and the Flat Point Tide Pools.

Name

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Hell's Gate was officially named "Zion's Hill" after complaints from the church forced the island's government to change the name. However, "Hell's Gate" is still commonly used by many Sabans as well as tourists.[3]

History

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The first permanent European settlements on Saba began in the 1640s.[4][5] By the 1860s, Hell's Gate was one of 7 main districts, with The Bottom, St. John's, Windwardside, Booby Hill, Mary's Point (Palmetto Point), and Middle Island.[4] The Hell's Gate district had its own elected head, as did the other districts.[4] In 1865, the population of Hell's Gate was 161.[4]

Throughout the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, most men in Hell's Gate engaged in farming as well as fishing.[5] Some men in Hell's Gate made a living from lime burning.[5] Most women engaged in domestic work in the home, as well as local drawn thread work known as Saba lace.[5] For a time, women in Hell's Gate engaged in hatmaking.[5]

Queen of The Holy Rosary Church

By 1900, Hell's Gate was one of four main villages on Saba, along with The Bottom, St. John's, and Windwardside.[5] In 1911, the Queen of The Holy Rosary Church was built in Hell's Gate.[5] The church was rebuilt in stone in the 1960s.[3]

The 1950s and 1960s were a time of infrustructural milestones for Hell's Gate. In 1958, Saba's primary road, "The Road", was extended to Hell's Gate.[4] Before then, residents of Hell's Gate had to rely on footpaths to reach the closest village, Windwardside. In 1964, public electricity reached Hell's Gate.[4] Until then, the village had relied on gas lamps for streetlights, as well as inside the home.

Overlooking Saba's airport and runway

In 1959, Remy de Haenen, made the first landing of an aircraft on the island, at Flat Point, in Lower Hell's Gate.[6][7] Nearly the entire population of the island was in attendance.[6][7] In 1963, the Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport airport officially began service on Flat Point. "The Road" was extended to the airport that year. The airport's runway is widely acknowledged as the shortest commercial runway in the world, with a length of 400 m (1,312 ft).[8][9]

The early- to mid- 1900s saw extensive emigration from Saba.[5][10] By 1972, the populations of the three other villages had decreased significantly.[10] However, in Hell's Gate, the population had increased to 206 inhabitants.[10] In the 1970s, a microwave transmitter was built in Hell's Gate.[4] Construction was carried out by the West Indies Television Network, and the transmitter linked to television studios in St. Maarten.[4]

In 2019, solar parks in Hell's Gate (adjacent to the airport) and The Bottom became operational. For up to 10 hours a day, the entire island of Saba is powered by solar energy from these two solar parks and their battery storage.[11][12][13]

Main sights

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The Saba Lace Boutique in Hell's Gate

Hell's Gate is home to Queen of The Holy Rosary Church, a stone structure built in 1962,[3] in place of its original wooden structure dating back to 1911.[5] It is also home to the a community center and "Lace Boutique" where visitors can purchase locally made Saba lace and Saba spice, a locally brewed rum drink.[citation needed]

The Neighborhood, English Quarter belongs to the town.[clarification needed]

Hiking trails

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Upper Hell's Gate is a trailhead for the Sandy Cruz Trail, which ends in The Bottom.[14] The trail takes roughly 2 hours to complete (2.5 if begun in The Bottom), and has views of Diamond Rock and the northern coastline.[2][14]

Historic sulfur oven, seen on the Sulfur Mine Trail

Lower Hell's Gate is home to the McNish Sulfur Mine, a now-closed sulfur mine where visitors may explore with caution.[15][14] It can be reached via the Sulphur Mine Trail, which begins between Upper and Lower Hell's gate.[14] It is part of Saba's Terrestrial Park. The trail has views of Green Island, the ocean, cliffs, and the airport.[14] Lower Hell's Gate is also the main trailhead for the North Coast Trail. The trail takes roughly 3.5 hours to complete and has views of Saba's northern coastline and the ruins of the historic Mary's Point village.[2][14]

Flat Point is the main trailhead for the Flat Point Trail.[16][17] The hike leads to the Flat Point Tide Pools, and is about 15–25 minutes each way.[16][18] The trail passes by the ruins of an indigo boiling house from a 17th-18th century plantation.[18][19] The trail access is located between the airport and Cove Bay. Hikers are cautioned about rip currents and sharp rocks.[20][21]

Transport

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Zion's Hill is the first town one reaches after leaving the Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport. They can travel the island by The Road.

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  • Saba's airport, with Hell's Gate on the mountain behind it
    Saba's airport, with Hell's Gate on the mountain behind it
  • Saba's airport on Flat Point, with road winding up through Lower Hell's Gate
    Saba's airport on Flat Point, with road winding up through Lower Hell's Gate
  • Cove Bay, as seen from Lower Hell's Gate
    Cove Bay, as seen from Lower Hell's Gate
  • Bus stop in Upper Hell's Gate, on "The Road"
    Bus stop in Upper Hell's Gate, on "The Road"
  • Houses in Lower Hell's Gate, in the 1940s
    Houses in Lower Hell's Gate, in the 1940s
  • A sergeant walking a paved path in Hell's Gate, in the 1940s
    A sergeant walking a paved path in Hell's Gate, in the 1940s

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Geodata 2001, Saba & Sint.Eustatius, Census 2001". Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Netherlands Antilles. 2001. p. 17. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  2. ^ a b c The villages of Saba (Saba Tourist Bureau)
  3. ^ a b c "About Saba". Saba Tourisma. 21 June 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Hartog, Johannes (1975). History of Saba. Netherlands Antilles: Saba Artisan Foundation.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Crane, Julia G. (1971). Educated to Emigrate: The Social Organization of Saba. Round the World Publishing. ISBN 978-90-232-0702-3.
  6. ^ a b Johnson, Will (2013). "Fifty years of air service to Saba". The Saba Islander. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
  7. ^ a b Johnson, Will (2011). "Remy de Haenen: 'Lord of the Air'". The Daily Herald. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
  8. ^ Chilton, Nicola (2022-07-08). "What it's like to land on the world's shortest commercial runway". CNN. Archived from the original on 2022-07-21. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
  9. ^ Dugdale, Magdalena (2018-12-27). "World's shortest runways at commercial airports". Airport Technology. Archived from the original on 2022-09-07.
  10. ^ a b c Hartog, Johannes (1975). History of Saba. Netherlands Antilles: Saba Artisan Foundation.
  11. ^ "Solar Parks | Saba Electric Company". powerupsaba.com. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  12. ^ "Welcome to Saba, a different Caribbean!". The Daily Herald. 7 December 2023.
  13. ^ MacGregor, Sandra. "Discover Saba: The Sustainable Jewel Of The Caribbean". Forbes. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  14. ^ a b c d e f "Plan your Hike". Saba Conservation Foundation. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  15. ^ "About Saba: Zion's Hill (A.k.a. Hell's Gate)". Saba Tourism. 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  16. ^ a b "Hiking | Saba Tourism". 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
  17. ^ "The Nature of Saba [brochure]" (PDF). www.sabatourism.com. Saba Conservation Foundation.
  18. ^ a b "The Nature of Saba [brochure]" (PDF). www.sabatourism.com. Saba Conservation Foundation.
  19. ^ Espersen, Ryan (2019-01-01). "A Site Report of Flat Point, Saba, Dutch Caribbean: A Ceramic-Age Amerindian Site and Early Colonial Sugar and Indigo Plantation". Zemi Cultural Heritage Services Site Reports.
  20. ^ Allen, Casey D. (2017-07-19). Landscapes and Landforms of the Lesser Antilles. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-55787-8.
  21. ^ "The Tide Pools - Saba". ArrivalGuides.com. 2023-03-22. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
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Media related to Zion's Hill at Wikimedia Commons

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