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Yaniv Erlich

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Yaniv Erlich
יניב ארליך
Alma materWatson School of Biological Sciences
Scientific career
FieldsGenomics, Bioinformatics, Genetic Privacy, Crowdsourcing,
InstitutionsColumbia University
Doctoral advisorGreg Hannon
Websitehttps://teamerlich.org/

Yaniv Erlich is an Israeli-American scientist. He formerly served as an Associate Professor of Computer Science at Columbia University and was the Chief Science Officer of MyHeritage.[1] Erlich's work combines computer science and genomics.

Biography

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Dr. Erlich was born in Israel. He earned BSc in Brain Sciences in 2006 from Tel Aviv University and a PhD in bioinformatics in 2010 from Watson School of Biological Sciences at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. From 2010 to 2015, Erlich was a Fellow at the Whitehead Institute, MIT. From 2015 to 2019, he led a lab at Columbia University in computational genomics.[2] From 2020 to present, he has served as CEO of Eleven Therapeutics.[3]

Scientific work

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Crowd sourcing genomic information

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Erlich's team published a study in the journal Science that reported crowd-sourcing of tens of millions of genealogical records from the website Geni.com.[4] The team was able to create a single family tree of 13 million people that are all connected and spans tens of generations and over 600 years of history.[5] The study used the data to analyze the genetics of longevity and familial dispersion[6]

In a different line of studies, Erlich and Joe Pickrell put together a website called DNA.Land to crowd source genomic datasets of participants of consumer genomics.[7] The website collected over 130,000 datasets by November 2018.

Genetic Privacy

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The Erlich group published several studies on the subject of genetic privacy. In 2013, they reported the possibility of recovering the surname of a male from his allegedly anonymous genomic dataset, which can lead to tracing his full identity.[8] The technique exploits the co-inheritance of surnames and Y-chromosomes in most societies. Thus, by comparing the Y-chromosome of the person of interest to genetic genealogy databases of Y-chromosomes, it is possible in some cases to infer the surname. The team estimated that 12% of males in the US are subject to successful surname recovery. The team also demonstrated that after recovering the surname, basic demographic identifiers such as age and state of residency can permit tracing back the identity of the individual. To demonstrate the power of technique, they recover the identity of multiple 1000 Genomes by surname inference.

In 2014, Erlich and Arvind Narayanan published a survey of hacking techniques to genomic datasets.[9] They predicted that autosomal searches in GEDmatch can be used to trace back the identity of anonymous people once the GEDmatch user base will reach a certain size, which indeed happened in 2018, where the website used to capture the Golden State Killer.

In 2018, the Erlich team published a study in Science that reported that about 60% of US individuals of European descent have at least a 3rd cousin match in GEDmatch, which can theoretically permit their identification.[10] In two to three years, virtually any person in this ethnic group can be theoretically traced using this technique, if the current rate of growth in GEDmatch will continue.[11] The team suggested a cryptographic signature technique to reduce the chance of misusing direct to consumer websites by police searches.

References

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  1. ^ "Erlich lab's website".
  2. ^ "TEDxDanubia speakers".
  3. ^ "About Us". Eleven Therapeutics. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  4. ^ Kaplanis, Joanna; Gordon, Assaf; Shor, Tal; Weissbrod, Omer; Geiger, Dan; Wahl, Mary; Gershovits, Michael; Markus, Barak; Sheikh, Mona; Gymrek, Melissa; Bhatia, Gaurav; MacArthur, Daniel G.; Price, Alkes L.; Erlich, Yaniv (2018). "Quantitative analysis of population-scale family trees with millions of relatives". Science. 360 (6385): 171–175. Bibcode:2018Sci...360..171K. doi:10.1126/science.aam9309. PMC 6593158. PMID 29496957.
  5. ^ "Crowdsourcing 600 Years of Human History". 13 March 2018.
  6. ^ Hotz, Robert Lee (March 2018). "WSJ". Wall Street Journal.
  7. ^ "DNA.Land is a framework to collect genomes and phenomes in the era of abundant genetic information".
  8. ^ Gymrek, Melissa; McGuire, Amy L.; Golan, David; Halperin, Eran; Erlich, Yaniv (2013). "Identifying Personal Genomes by Surname Inference". Science. 339 (6117): 321–324. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..321G. doi:10.1126/science.1229566. PMID 23329047. S2CID 3473659.
  9. ^ Erlich, Yaniv; Narayanan, Arvind (2014). "Routes for breaching and protecting genetic privacy". Nature Reviews Genetics. 15 (6): 409–421. doi:10.1038/nrg3723. PMC 4151119. PMID 24805122.
  10. ^ Erlich, Yaniv; Shor, Tal; Pe'Er, Itsik; Carmi, Shai (2018). "Identity inference of genomic data using long-range familial searches". Science. 362 (6415): 690–694. Bibcode:2018Sci...362..690E. doi:10.1126/science.aau4832. PMC 7549546. PMID 30309907.
  11. ^ Murphy, Heather (11 October 2018). "Most White Americans' DNA Can Be Identified Through Genealogy Databases". The New York Times.
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