Xyleborus (lichen)
| Xyleborus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Stereocaulaceae |
| Genus: | Xyleborus R.C.Harris & Ladd (2007) |
| Type species | |
| Xyleborus sporodochifer R.C.Harris & Ladd (2007)
| |
| Species | |
Xyleborus is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Stereocaulaceae. It has two species.[1] The genus was circumscribed in 2009 by Richard C. Harris and Douglas Ladd with Xyleborus sporodochifer assigned as the type species.[2] A second species, X. nigricans, was added to the genus in 2015.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:11336/151990.
- ^ Harris, R.C.; Ladd, D. (2007). "New taxa of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Ozark Ecoregion". Opuscula Philolichenum. 4: 57–68.
- ^ Lendemer, James C.; Harris, Richard C. (2015). "Xyleborus nigricans, a second species for the previously monospecific genus newly found in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of North America". The Bryologist. 118 (3): 284–292. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-118.3.284. S2CID 85949177.
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Xyleborus is a crustose lichen usually characterized as thin, flattened, and firmly attached
to the substrate the organism is on. Depending on its variety, it can turn from greenish to gray.
Its surface is grainy or rough, but it stands out (Vondrák et al., 2023). Apothecia are usually
small, black, disc-like structures visible on the lichen surface that act as the organism and
reproductive structures (Hurley, 2024). On the submicroscopic level, Xyleborus contains fungal
mycelial components and green algal cells, which fashion nutrients for the xyleborus. A prominent feature of Xyleborus is its fitness to areas of high physical stress, such as
high UV irradiation and scarcity of nutrients. It depends on the fungi to provide nutrients from
places that are scarce in the environment (Gugliuzzo, 2022). This particular lichen is also
essential in ecosystem construction by forming part of the fragmentation and crushing of rocks,
which, in the long run, gives rise to soil formation Xyleborus is distributed through temperate and alpine zones in North America, Europe,and some parts of Asia. It is mainly found in low to moderate humidity conditions and is well
adapted to cooler temperatures; many populations are seasonal (Correia, 2022). Due to its
versatility, the lichen can grow on the trunks and branches of trees, stumps, stones, and the earth
worldwide. This vast area is adaptable to many habitats, whether mountains, forests, or
temperate woodlands.The lichen occurs on different substrata, such as tree barks, naked rocks, and, at times, in
soil, putting it in a good position to be well anchored in the various habitats. Generally, it
inhabits clean air areas in its current locations, including forests, rock faces, and unlogged
ecosystems (Lawson, 2024). Slender and preferring areas with constant humidity and moderate
light, Xyleborus can also tolerate a certain amount of direct sunlight and humidity and
temperature changes.
References Vondrák, J., Svoboda, S., Kosnar, J., Malicek, J., Soun, J., Frolov, I., ... & Palice, Z. (2023). Martin7: a reference database of DNA barcodes for European epiphytic lichens and its taxonomic implications. Preslia (Praha), 95(3), 311-345. Gugliuzzo, A. (2022). Development of new tools for sustainable management of non-native ambrosia beetles (Doctoral dissertation, UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA). Correia, J. P. R. (2022). Fungal associates of Xylosandrus germanus and other Scolytinae in Switzerland (Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal)). Lawson, E. (2024). Moss and Lichen. Reaktion Books. Hurley, K. (2024). Lichenpedia: A Brief Compendium (Vol. 11). Princeton University Press.