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Xiaotangshan Hospital

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Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital
Outpatient department
Xiaotangshan Hospital is located in China
Xiaotangshan Hospital
Geography
LocationXiaotangshan, Changping, Beijing
 China
Coordinates40°10′48″N 116°23′29″E / 40.180034°N 116.3914444°E / 40.180034; 116.3914444
Organisation
TypeGeneral hospital
Services
StandardsTertiary hospital[1]
Emergency departmentYes
Beds577
History
Opened1958

The Beijing Xiaotangshan Recovery Hospital (Chinese: 北京市小汤山康复医院; pinyin: Běijīngshì Xiǎotāngshān Kāngfù Yīyuàn), also known as the Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, is a tertiary-level general hospital in Xiaotangshan Township, Changping District, Beijing, China, occupying approximately 33 hectares (82 acres) of land.[2]

Xiaotangshan (Chinese: 小汤山; pinyin: Xiǎotāngshān; "Little Waters Mountain") is a mountain named after the hot springs found on it.[3] The Xiaotangshan Recovery Hospital's predecessor, the Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, was established in 1958; it was given its current name in 1985.[4] During the 2003 SARS outbreak, the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and the Beijing municipal government made use of land set apart for the hospital's future development to establish a separate hospital to treat SARS, the Xiaotangshan SARS Hospital. This temporary hospital was removed in 2010. On January 21, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the city of Beijing commenced work to reconstruct and renovate the hospital to support disease control efforts.[5]

History

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A China News Service journalist visits the Xiaotangshan Hospital

Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Ministry of Health established the Xiaotangshan Ministry of Health Sanatorium, a national-level hot spring sanatorium.[3]

In 1958, the Ministry of Health's Xiaotangshan Sanatorium joined together with the People's Liberation Army's 123rd Sanatorium and 107th Huabei Military Area Sanatorium, as well as the All-China Federation of Trade Unions's Xiaotangshan Hot Springs Sanatorium to form the Beijing Xiaotangshan Sanatorium, operated by the People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department as a sanatorium for the rehabilitation and recovery of patients.[4][3]

In 1982, the complex was renamed to the Beijing Recovery Center[4] and management was transferred to the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau.[4] In 1988, signage was added to indicate that the complex was also the Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital.[4][6]

Facilities

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Today, the Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital focuses on physical medicine and rehabilitation, with a specialization in nervous system damage, bone and joint illness, and the clinical treatment and rehabilitation of chronic diseases.[7] The hospital features hot spring facilities used in treatment and rehabilitation.[7] The Beijing hospital system mainly sends patients in a subacute or recovery stage to the Xiaotangshan Hospital for rehabilitative treatment.[7]

On May 14, 2019, the Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital officially became a center for functional medicine with the goal of conducting experimentation and research in functional medicine.[8]

Xiaotangshan SARS Hospital

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People's Liberation Army Xiaotangshan SARS Hospital
Xiaotangshan Hospital is located in China
Xiaotangshan Hospital
Geography
Coordinates40°10′48″N 116°23′29″E / 40.180034°N 116.3914444°E / 40.180034; 116.3914444
Organisation
TypeInfectious disease hospital
Services
StandardsTertiary hospital[1]
Emergency departmentYes
Beds1000
History
Opened
  • 2003
  • 2020 (reconstruction)
Closed2010

History

[edit]

At the most severe point of the 2003 SARS epidemic, Beijing's major hospitals faced overcrowding and a lack of available beds.[6] On April 22, experts from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that, due to the lack of available beds at hospitals, Sanatoriums – especially the relatively well-equipped Xiaotangshan Sanatorium – could be repurposed for the treatment of SARS patients. Following this, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Deputy Minister, Zhu Qingsheng, and the Beijing Deputy Mayor, Liu Jingmin, inspected the Xiaotangshan grounds and concluded that it was a suitable site for the construction of a new hospital; although the sanatorium itself only had 200 beds, it had retained large swaths of land for future development, and its surrounding land was open and easy for construction machinery to operate on. In addition, with the Jingmi Diversion Channel just four kilometres (2.5 miles) north of the sanatorium, wastewater could receive specialized processing without affecting Beijing's water supply.[9]

On April 22, the State Council of the People's Republic of China approved funding for the purchase of 40.3 hectares (100 acres) of land from the Xiaotangshan area to construct the world's largest field hospital for infectious diseases. All SARS patients in Beijing hospitals were to receive centralized treatment at this hospital. The construction operations were to be directed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and the municipal government of Beijing.[10] On February 22, the Beijing Construction Commission dispatched about 4,000 workers and about 500 pieces of construction equipment, and all six large construction groups in Beijing went on to the construction area.[10] On April 23, construction of the new hospital began.[10][clarification needed] On April 29, the hospital was completed and passed inspections.[10] On April 30, the Center for Disease Control and Beijing's municipal government announced that the hospital was being handed over for use, and the hospital was named the Chinese People's Liberation Army Xiaotangshan SARS Hospital (also known as Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital SARS Ward or Xiaotangshan SARS Hospital).[10] The Xiaotangshan SARS Hospital was a primary-level infectious disease hospital and the world's largest infectious disease hospital, and its construction set a world record for the shortest time required to build a hospital.[10]

On the night of May 1, 2003, the hospital began accepting SARS patients from across the country.[11] The People's Liberation Army transferred 1200 military medical staff to the hospital to conduct treatment.[10][12] The Xiaotangshan Hospital accepted 680 SARS patients in total (another source[13] estimated 700), which was one-tenth of the worldwide cases and one-seventh of the cases in China.[9]

In the end, 672 patients at the hospital successfully recovered.[9] Out of the 1383 medical staff who participated in treatment and care at the hospital, none were infected.[9] Early on the morning of June 23, 900 members of the medical staff became the first to be recalled from Beijing.[9] On June 24, the World Health Organization announced that Beijing had been taken off of the list of active SARS epidemic zones.[9]

Facilities

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The Xiaotangshan SARS Hospital was constructed using lightweight materials and mainly consisted of a single storey.[10] The hospital was divided into three areas: a tightly controlled area for patients, a buffer zone consisting of the living quarters of the medical staff, and a clean zone consisting of administrative and logistics offices. The personnel were segregated into these zones in order to avoid the spread of disease. The patient area itself was separated into the East and West wings that respectively treated confirmed and suspected cases.[10] Each patient zone had six rows of rooms for patients. Rooms for X-ray imaging, CT imaging, and surgical operations were found on the south side, while the north side housed intensive care units, examination rooms, and clinical laboratories.[10] Each patient room had approximately 15 square metres (160 square feet) of space. Rooms had standard equipment, included bathrooms, telephones, televisions, and air conditioning.[10]

A wastewater treatment facility was constructed specifically for the hospital in order to avoid pollution of the surrounding environment. Other hospital waste was burned using specialized equipment.[9]

After the SARS outbreak

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After the end of the SARS epidemic, the hospital was abandoned as its facilities ceased to be necessary. Prior to its deconstruction in 2010, it was considered as a potential asset in the case of a future outbreak. In 2009, Zeng Guang, an epidemiologist at the Chinese Center for Disease Control, indicated that, should a mass-scale outbreak occur in Beijing, it could become useful for processing patients once other hospitals reached capacity. However, due to long-term abandonment, the hospital grounds had severely deteriorated and had become overgrown with weeds, earning it the moniker of "China's Silent Hill".[14][15]

On April 2, 2010, the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau announced it was demolishing the Xiaotangshan Hospital's SARS wards.[5] Also in April 2010, communications department personnel at the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau indicated that, strictly speaking, there was no "Xiaotangshan SARS Hospital", as it was not constructed as a hospital but rather a field treatment center.[5]

Reconstruction during the Covid-19 pandemic

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On January 29, 2020, to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, Beijing authorities decided to restore the Xiaotangshan SARS Hospital and dispatched workers to reconstruct it and restore the hospital's facilities.[16]

Having originally been built in a week, the 2020 restoration took six weeks, and the hospital admitted its first COVID-19 patients on 16 March 2020.[17] It continued in operation[18] until 28 April and closed the next day.[19]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b 国家卫生健康委员会. "全国医院查询" [Home> Services> Convenient Services> (Health and Health Commission) National Medical Inquiries]. 中国政府网 (Chinese Government Network – service provided by the National Health Commission) (in Chinese (China)). 北京 (Beijing). Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  2. ^ 北京市人社局. "北京小汤山医院2020年度公开招聘工作人员公告" [Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital 2020 Public Recruitment Staff Announcement]. 北京市人民政府 (Beijing Municipal People's Government) (in Chinese (China)). 北京 (Beijing). Archived from the original on January 24, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "小汤山疗养院、非典、奥运会" [Xiaotangshan Sanatorium, SARS, Olympic Games]. 中国科学院离退休干部工作局 (Work Bureau of Retired Cadres, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese (China)). 北京 (Beijing). July 21, 2008. Archived from the original on January 23, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e 99健康网 (July 9, 2013). "北京小汤山医院" [Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital] (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b c 庄庆鸿 (April 10, 2010). "专家解读：为什么七年后才拆小汤山" [Expert Interpretation: Why was Xiaotangshan demolished after seven years?]. 中国青年报 (China Youth Daily) (in Chinese (China)). 中青在线 (China Youth Online). Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  6. ^ a b 王丹 (April 2, 2010). "小汤山非典医院拆除 抗非医生连连叹息(图)" [Xiaotangshan SARS Hospital dismantled Anti-Africa doctors sighed repeatedly (photo)]. 法制晚报 (Legal Evening News) (in Chinese (China)). 腾讯新闻 (Tencent News). Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c 陈佳琦. "北京小汤山医院："康复管理模式"让患者及早回归社会" [Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital: "Rehabilitation management model" allows patients to return to society early]. 华夏经纬网 (Huaxia Jingwei Net) (in Chinese (China)). 北京 (Beijing). Archived from the original on January 24, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  8. ^ 贾晓宏 (May 14, 2019). "功能医学基地在小汤山医院挂牌" [The functional medicine base is listed in Xiaotangshan Hospital]. 北京晚报 (in Chinese (China)). 北京 (Beijing). Archived from the original on January 24, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g 巩浩. "武汉紧急建设"小汤山医院"，当年如何做到SARS治愈率99%、1383名医护零感染？" [In the emergency construction of "Xiaotangshan Hospital" in Wuhan, how did the SARS cure rate of 99% and 1383 medical care patients have zero infections?]. 凤凰网资讯 (Phoenix Information) (in Chinese (China)). 北京 (Beijing). Archived from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 慕非 (May 5, 2003). "亚洲周刊：北京8天建成小汤山医院" [Asia Weekly: Beijing built Xiaotangshan Hospital in 8 days]. 亚洲周刊 (Asia Weekly) (in Chinese (China)). 中国网 (China Net). Archived from the original on June 27, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  11. ^ "世卫官员：小汤山医院创造奇迹 中国军队真了不起" [WHO official: Xiaotangshan Hospital creates miracles, the Chinese army is really amazing]. 北京日报 (Beijing Daily) (in Chinese (China)). 京报网 (Beijing News). June 20, 2003. Archived from the original on June 1, 2005. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  12. ^ "多图：三军白衣战士进入北京小汤山野战医院" [Multi-picture: White soldiers of the three armed forces enter Beijing Xiaotangshan Field Hospital]. 中国新闻社 (China News Service) (in Chinese (China)). April 30, 2003. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  13. ^ Lu, Joanne (September 10, 2020). "Whatever Happened To ... The Instant Hospitals Built For COVID-19 Patients In Wuhan?". NPR.
  14. ^ "万圣节探秘：中国版寂静岭 北京小汤山医院(组图)" [Halloween Quest: China's Silent Hill Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital (Photos)] (in Chinese (China)). 搜狐焦点网 (Sohu Focus). October 31, 2011. Archived from the original on November 30, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  15. ^ 于凯; 雷阳 (January 4, 2010). "废墟——小汤山非典医院" [Ruins-Xiaotangshan SARS Hospital] (in Chinese (China)). 人民网 (People's Network). Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  16. ^ 李昊 (January 29, 2020). "今日，北京小汤山医院开始重建！" [Today, rebuilding of Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital started!] (in Chinese). 环球时报官方微信号 (Global Times Official WeChat). Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  17. ^ Beijing's SARS treatment hospital sees first COVID-19 patient discharged 30 March 2020 www.xinhuanet.com, accessed 23 October 2020
  18. ^ China guards against imported cases as overseas COVID-19 infections soar 17 March 2020 www.china.org.cn, accessed 23 October 2020
  19. ^ Beijing's SARS treatment hospital clears all COVID-19 cases 28 April 2020 www.xinhuanet.com, accessed 23 October 2020
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