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Empress Xiaojingxian

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Empress Xiaojingxian
Empress consort of the Qing dynasty
Tenure28 March 1723 – 29 October 1731
PredecessorEmpress Xiaoyiren
SuccessorEmpress Xiaoxianchun
Born(1681-06-28)28 June 1681
(康熙二十年 五月 十三日)
Died29 October 1731(1731-10-29) (aged 50)
(雍正九年 九月 二十九日)
Changchun Garden, Old Summer Palace
Burial
Tai Mausoleum, Western Qing Tombs
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1691⁠–⁠1731)​
IssueHonghui
Posthumous name
Empress Xiaojing Gonghe Yishun Zhaohui Zhuangsu Ankang Zuotian Yisheng Xian (孝敬恭和懿順昭惠莊肅安康佐天翊聖憲皇后)
HouseUla Nara (烏拉那拉; by birth)
Aisin Gioro (by marriage)
FatherFiyanggū
MotherLady Aisin Gioro
Empress Xiaojingxian
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese孝敬憲皇后
Simplified Chinese孝敬宪皇后
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXiàojìngxiàn Huánghòu
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᡥᡳᠶᠣᠣᡧᡠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡝᠩᡤᡠᠨ
ᡨᡝᠮᡤᡝᡨᡠᠯᡝᡥᡝ
ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ
Romanizationhiyoošungga enggun temgetulehe hūwangheo

Empress Xiaojingxian (28 June 1681 – 29 October 1731) of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Ula Nara clan, was the primary wife of the Yongzheng Emperor.[1][2] She was empress consort of Qing from 1723 until her death in 1731, and was posthumously honoured with the title Empress Xiaojingxian.[3] Yongzheng did not elevate any of his other consorts to the position of empress after she died.

Life

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Family background

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  • Father: Fiyanggū (費揚古/费扬古), often confused as the Fiyanggū who served as a first rank military official (領侍衛內大臣/领诗卫内大臣), and held the title of a first-class duke (一等公).[4] In fact, the Empress' father was from the Ula Nara family and was only posthumously named Duke in the 13th year of Yongzheng. The Fiyanggū who was a military officer was the younger brother of Consort Dong'E,[5] the favourite concubine of Emperor Shunzhi, grandfather of Emperor Yongzheng.
    • Paternal grandfather: Bohucha (博瑚察). He was married to the great-great-granddaughter of Nurhachi, the founder of the Qing Dynasty.
  • Mother: Lady Aisin Gioro
    • Maternal grandfather: Murhu (穆爾祜/穆尔祜; d. 1654), Cuyen's grandson
    • Maternal grandmother: Lady Borjigin
  • Three elder brothers and one younger brother

Kangxi era

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Lady Ula Nara was born on the 13th day of the fifth lunar month in the 20th year of the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, which translates to 28 June 1681 in the Gregorian calendar.[1]

In 1691, she married Yinzhen, the fourth son of the Kangxi Emperor, and became his primary consort.[1][6] After her death, Yinzhen's his mourning lament stated that when they married, she was a child; indeed, at the time of their marriage she was only 10 years old.[6] On 17 April 1697, she gave birth to their first son, Honghui, who would die while still a child on 7 July 1704.

Yongzheng era

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The Kangxi Emperor died on 20 December 1722 and was succeeded by Yinzhen, who was enthroned as the Yongzheng Emperor. On 28 March 1723, Lady Ula Nara, as the Yongzheng Emperor's primary consort, was instated as empress and put in charge of the emperor's harem.

She died on 29 October 1731 and was interred in the Tai Mausoleum of the Western Qing Tombs.[7]

Titles

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  • During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722):
    • Lady Ula Nara (烏拉那拉氏; from 28 June 1681)
    • Primary Consort (嫡福晋; from 1691)
  • During the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1722–1735):
    • Empress (皇后; from 28 March 1723)[8]
    • Empress Xiaojing (孝敬皇后; from December 1731 or January 1732)[9]
  • During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796):
    • Empress Xiaojingxian (孝敬憲皇后; from 1737)

Issue

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  • As primary consort:
    • Honghui (弘暉/弘晖; 17 April 1697 – 7 July 1704), the Yongzheng Emperor's first son
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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Lau, Clara; Stefanowska, A. D. (2015-07-17). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: v. 1: The Qing Period, 1644-1911. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-47588-0.
  2. ^ Epstein, Maram (2021-02-01). Orthodox Passions: Narrating Filial Love During the High Qing. BRILL. ISBN 978-1-68417-606-9.
  3. ^ Hammers, Roslyn Lee (2021-03-30). The Imperial Patronage of Labor Genre Paintings in Eighteenth-Century China. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-33988-8.
  4. ^ "Unknown".[permanent dead link‍]
  5. ^ "Dong'e, Consort of Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty | Artist Zou Li".
  6. ^ a b Lo, Hui-Chi (2009). Political Advancement and Religious Transcendence: The Yongzheng Emperor's (1678-1735) Deployment of Portraiture. Stanford University.
  7. ^ Wang, Boyang (1998-08-31). Imperial Mausoleums and Tombs. Springer Vienna. ISBN 978-3-211-82991-2.
  8. ^ 雍正元年 二月 二十二日
  9. ^ 雍正九年 十二月

References

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  • Wan, Yi; Shuqing, Wang; Yanzhen, Lu; Scott, Rosemary E. (1988). Daily Life in the Forbidden City: The Qing Dynasty, 1644-1912 (Illustrated ed.). Viking. ISBN 0670811645.
Empress Xiaojingxian
Chinese royalty
Preceded by
Empress Xiaoyiren
of the Tunggiya clan
 Empress consort of China
28 March 1723 – 29 October 1731 		Succeeded by
Empress Xiaoxianchun
of the Fuca clan
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