XII Corps (Ottoman Empire)

XII Corps
On İkinci Kolordu
XII Corps; On İkinci Kolordu
Active	1911–
Country	Ottoman Empire
Type	Corps
Garrison/HQ	Musul
Patron	Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Commanders
Notable; commanders	Miralay Fahrettin Bey; Mirliva Remzi Pasha; Abdülkerim Pasha; Miralay Fahrettin Bey (May 7, 1918-April 12, 1919)

The XII Corps of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: 12 nci Kolordu or On İkinci Kolordu) was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.

Formation

Order of battle, 1911

With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the XI Corps was headquartered in Musul. The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such:^[2]

XII Corps, Musul
- 35th Infantry Division, Musul
  - 103rd Infantry Regiment, Revandiz
  - 104th Infantry Regiment, Musul
  - 105th Infantry Regiment, Musul
  - 35th Rifle Battalion, Musul
  - 35th Field Artillery Regiment, Musul
  - 35th Division Band, Musul
- 36th Infantry Division, Kerkük
  - 106th Infantry Regiment, Kerkük
  - 107th Infantry Regiment, Kerkük
  - 108th Infantry Regiment, Süleymaniye
  - 36th Rifle Battalion, Kerkük
  - 36th Division Band, Kerkük
Units of XII Corps
13th Cavalry Brigade, Kerkük
- 33rd Cavalry Regiment, Kerkük
- 34th Cavalry Regiment, Kerkük
- 35th Cavalry Regiment, Kerkük
Border companies x 8

World War I

Order of battle, August 1914

In August 1914, the corps was structured as follows:^[3]

XII Corps (Mesopotamia)
- 35th Division, 36th Division

Order of battle, November 1914

In November 1914, the corps was structured as follows:^[4]

XII Corps (Syria)
- 35th Division, 36th Division

Order of battle, late April 1915

In late April 1915, the corps was structured as follows:^[5]

XII Corps (Syria)
- 38th Division

Order of battle, late summer 1915, January 1916

In late summer 1915, January 1916, the corps was structured as follows:^[6]

XII Corps (Syria-Palestine)
- 41st Division, 42nd Division, 46th Division

Order of battle, August 1916, December 1916

In August 1916, December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:^[7]

XII Corps (Syria-Palestine)
- 41st Division, 42nd Division, 43rd Division, 46th Division

Order of battle, August 1917

In August 1917, the corps was structured as follows:^[8]

XII Corps (Syria-Palestine)
- 3rd Division, 7th Division, 53rd Division

Order of battle, January 1918

In January 1918, the corps was structured as follows:^[9]

XII Corps (Syria)
- 3rd Division, 7th Division, 20th Division

Order of battle, June 1918

In June 1918, the corps was structured as follows:^[10]

XII Corps (Palestine)
- 3rd Division, 7th Division, 20th Division

Order of battle, September 1918

In September 1918, the corps was structured as follows:^[11]

XII Corps (Anatolia)
- 23rd Division

After Mudros

Order of battle, November 1918

In November 1918, the corps was structured as follows:^[12]

XII Corps (Syria)
- 23rd Division

Order of battle, January 1919

In January 1919, the corps was structured as follows:^[13]^[14]

XII Corps (Anatolia, Konya)
- 11th Division (Niğde)
  - 12th Infantry Regiment, 33rd Infantry Regiment, 127th Infantry Regiment
- 41st Division (Karaman)
  - 131st Infantry Regiment, 132nd Infantry Regiment, 139th Infantry Regiment
- 7th Cavalry Regiment
- 20th Cavalry Regiment

Sources

^ T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 103. (in Turkish)
^ Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 382.
^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 38.
^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 43.
^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 86.
^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 109, 126.
^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 134, 154.
^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 170.
^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 181.
^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 188.
^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 197.
^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 202.
^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 209.
^ Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001, ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 326.

[Genelkurmay103-1] T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 103. (in Turkish)

[2] Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 382.

[Erickson38-3] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 38.

[Erickson43-4] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 43.

[Erickson86-5] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 86.

[Erickson109-126-6] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 109, 126.

[Erickson134-154-7] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 134, 154.

[Erickson170-8] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 170.

[Erickson181-9] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 181.

[Erickson188-10] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 188.

[Erickson197-11] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 197.

[Erickson202-12] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 202.

[Erickson209-13] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 209.

[14] Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001, ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 326.

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v t e Ottoman Forces during World War I
Army groups	Yildirim Caucasus Eastern
Armies	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
Corps	I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXV Iraq Area Halil I Caucasian II Caucasian Hejaz
Fortified areas	Dardanelles Bosphorus Chataldja Adrianople Smyrna Erzurum Kars
Infantry divisions	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 1 Caucasian 2 Caucasian 3 Caucasian 5 Caucasian 9 Caucasian 10 Caucasian 11 Caucasian 36 Caucasian 37 Caucasian
Other divisions	1 Cavalry 2 Cavalry 3 Cavalry Van Gendarmerie
Others	1st Expeditionary Force 5th Expeditionary Force German Asia Corps Africa Hejaz Expeditionary Force 1st Provisional Force 2nd Provisional Force Islamic Army of the Caucasus 57 Rgt. 177 Rgt.