XII Bomber Command
| XII Bomber Command | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Active | 1942-1944 |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Command of medium and light bomber units |
| Part of | Twelfth Air Force Northwest African Strategic Air Force |
| Engagements | Mediterranean Theater of Operations[1] |
XII Bomber Command is an inactive United States Army Air Forces formation. Its last assignment was with the Twelfth Air Force, based in Corsica, France. It was constituted on 26 February 1942, activated on 13 March 1942, and inactivated on 10 June 1944.
History
[edit]It was assigned to Twelfth Air Force in August 1942 and transferred, without personnel and equipment, to RAF High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire in the United Kingdom where the command was re-formed. Moved to North Africa, with the first of its elements arriving during the invasion in November 1942. Served in combat in the Mediterranean theater until 1 November 1943 when most of the personnel were withdrawn and reassigned to Fifteenth Air Force. Received additional personnel in January 1944 and served in combat until 1 March 1944. It was finally disbanded in Corsica on 10 June 1944.
Joseph Heller's novel Catch 22 draws on his experiences with the 340th Bombardment Group, part of XII Bomber Command.[2]
Lineage
[edit]- Constituted as the 12th Bomber Command on 16 February 1942
- Activated on 13 March 1942
- Redesignated XII Bomber Command c. 24 September 1942
- Disbanded on 10 June 1944[1]
Assignments
[edit]- Third Air Force, 13 March 1942[citation needed]
- Twelfth Air Force, 31 August 1942[3] (Attached to VIII Bomber Command September 1942 – c. 16 October 1942)
- Northwest African Air Forces, February 1943 (attached to Northwest African Strategic Air Force (later Strategic Air Force, Mediterranean Allied Air Forces)
- Twelfth Air Force, 1943 – 10 June 1944[3]
Stations
[edit]- MacDill Field, Florida, 13 March 1942
- RAF High Wycombe (AAF-101),[4] United Kingdom, 31 August-10 November 1942
- Tafaraoui Airfield, Algeria, 22 November 1942
- Algiers, Algeria, 27 November 1942
- Constantine Airfield, Algeria, 5 December 1942
- Tunis, Tunisia, 23 July 1943
- Bari Airfield, Italy, c. December 1943
- Pollena Trocchia[citation needed] (Naples), Italy, 4 January 1944
- Corsica, c. April-10 June 1944[5]
Components
[edit]- Wings
- 5th Bombardment Wing, 13 October 1942 – 1 November 1943[6]
- 7th Fighter Wing (later 47th Bombardment Wing), 7 January – 18 February 1943; 1 September – 1 November 1943[7]
- 42d Bombardment Wing, 1 September – 1 November 1943[8]
- 57th Bombardment Wing, 1 January – 1 March 1944[9]
- Groups
- 1st Fighter Group, 24 December 1942 – 18 February 1943; 1 September 1943 – 1 November 1943[10]
- 2nd Bombardment Group, 1 September 1943 – 1 November 1943[11]
- 3d Photographic Group, 16 October 1942 – 5 January 1943[12]
- 12th Bombardment Group, 2 January – c. 21 March 1944[13]
- 14th Fighter Group, 11 December 1942 – January 1943[14]
- 21st Bombardment Group, 2–8 May 1942[15]
- 46th Bombardment Group, 2–8 May 1942[16]
- 48th Bombardment Group, 2–8 May 1942[17]
- 68th Reconnaissance Group: 18 October – 1 November 1943 (attached to 5th Bombardment Wing after 31 October 1943)[18]
- 85th Bombardment Group, 16 March - 2 May 1942[19]
- 86th Bombardment Group: 1 May – 21 July 1942[20]
- 97th Bombardment Group: 14 September 1942 – January 1943[21]
- 98th Bombardment Group: 19–24 September 1943[22]
- 301st Bombardment Group: 14 September 1942 – January 1943[23]
- 310th Bombardment Group: 2 May 1942 – 18 February 1943 (attached to 7th Fighter Wing after 1 February 1943)[24]
- 312th Bombardment Group, 2 May – 10 August 1942[25]
- 319th Bombardment Group: c. 11 November 1942 – 1 June 1943[26]
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- Explanatory notes
- ^ Aircraft is North American B-25J-1-NC, serial 43-27784 of the 487th Bombardment Squadron in early 1944.
- Citations
- ^ a b Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 449-450
- ^ Aldridge, John W. (26 October 1986). "The Loony Horror of it all - Catch-22 Turns 25". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
- ^ a b Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 449-450 (years only).
- ^ Station number in Anderson, p. 19.
- ^ Station information in Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 449-450, except as noted.
- ^ Station information in Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 449-450 (years only).
- ^ "Factsheet 47 Air Division". Air Force Historical Research Agency. 5 October 2007. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
- ^ "Factsheet 42 Air Division". Air Force Historical Research Agency. 5 October 2007. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
- ^ "Factsheet 57 Air Division". Air Force Historical Research Agency. 5 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
- ^ Haulman, Daniel (7 November 2017). "Factsheet 1 Operations Group (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
- ^ Haulman, Daniel (28 September 2017). "Factsheet 2 Operations Group (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
- ^ Futrell, p. 22. However, Robinson indicates the group was assigned directly to Twelfth Air Force. Factsheet, 543 Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group.
- ^ Robertson, Patsy (26 June 2017). "Factsheet 12 Operations Group (AETC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
- ^ Haulman, Daniel (3 June 2019). "Factsheet 14 Operations Group (AETC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ Haulman, Daniel (27 June 2017). "Factsheet 21 Operations Group (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- ^ Robertson, Patsy (4 September 2008). "Factsheet 46 Test Wing (AFMC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
- ^ Robertson, Patsy E. (7 July 2017). "Factsheet 48 Operations Group (USAFE)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
- ^ Stephens, Maj Tonia (19 June 2017). "Factsheet 53 Electronic Warfare Group (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- ^ Robertson, Patsy (29 September 2008). "Factsheet 85 Group". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ^ Forte, Maria (4 April 2018). "Factsheet 86 Operations Group (USAFE)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ^ Robertson, Patsy (19 July 2010). "Factsheet 97 Operations Group (AETC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ Robertson, Patsy (15 July 2010). "Factsheet 98 Operations Group (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ Kane, Robert B. (23 September 2010). "Factsheet 301 Operations Group (AFRC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ Bailey, Carl E. (9 August 2017). "Factsheet 310 Space Wing (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ Bailey, Carl E. (27 December 2007). "Factsheet 312 Aeronautical Systems Group (AFMC". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ^ Ream, Margaret (25 January 2021). "Factsheet 319 Operations Group (ACC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
Bibliography
[edit]
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Anderson, Capt. Barry (1985). Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- Futrell, Robert F. (September 1956). "Command of Observation Aviation: A Study in Control of Tactical Airpower, USAF Historical Study No. 24" (PDF). Research Studies Institute, USAF Historical Division, Air University. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
